Conditional statements:

score = 72

if score >= 90:
    grade = "A"
elif score >= 80:
    grade = "B"
elif score >= 70:
    grade = "C"
else:
    grade = "F"

print(f"Grade: {grade}")   # Grade: C

The for loop iterates over any iterable, such as lists, strings, ranges, and dicts:

fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
for fruit in fruits:
    print(fruit)

# Use range() to loop a specific number of times
for i in range(5):       # 0 1 2 3 4
    print(i)

for i in range(1, 10, 2):  # 1 3 5 7 9  (start, stop, step)
    print(i)

# Enumerate gives index and value together
for idx, fruit in enumerate(fruits):
    print(f"{idx}: {fruit}")

The while loop runs as long as a condition is true. Use break to exit early and continue to skip to the next iteration:

n = 10
while n > 0:
    if n % 2 == 0:
        n -= 1
        continue   # skip even numbers
    print(n)
    n -= 1