A Light Between Oceans Epub 144

Climate change is driving changes in the physical and chemical properties o=
f the ocean that have consequences for marine ecosystems. Here, we review e=
vidence for the responses of marine life to recent climate change across oc=
ean regions, from tropical seas to polar oceans. We consider observed chang=
es in calcification rates, demography, abundance, distribution, and phenolo=
gy of marine species. We draw on a database of observed climate change impa=
cts on marine species, supplemented with evidence in the Fifth Assessment R=
eport of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. We discuss factors =
that limit or facilitate species' responses, such as fishing pressure, the =
availability of prey, habitat, light and other resources, and dispersal by =
ocean currents. We find that general trends in species' responses are consi=
stent with expectations from climate change, including shifts in distributi=
on to higher latitudes and to deeper locations, advances in spring phenolog=
y, declines in calcification, and increases in the abundance of warm-water =
species. The volume and type of evidence associated with species responses =
to climate change is variable across ocean regions and taxonomic groups, wi=
th predominance of evidence derived from the heavily-studied north Atlantic=
 Ocean. Most investigations of the impact of climate change being associate=
d with the impacts of changing temperature, with few observations of effect=
s of changing oxygen, wave climate, precipitation (coastal waters), or ocea=
n acidification. Observations of species responses that have been linked to=
 anthropogenic climate change are widespread, but are still lacking for som=
e taxonomic groups (e.g., phytoplankton, benthic invertebrates, marine mamm=
als).

Figure 11. Relationship between the TiO2 content of clinopyroxene and =CE=
=B4146Nd in Hole 735B. Clinopyroxene major element data is only available f=
or two of the whole rock gabbro samples (Niu et al., 2002). TiO2 contents >=
0.3 wt% are considered to result from reactive porous flow. A strong negati=
ve correlation is observed between =CE=B4146Nd and the TiO2 of the clinopyr=
oxene, consistent with increased amounts of reactive porous flow producing =
isotopically lighter clinopyroxene.

a light between oceans epub 144
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