[REPACK] Download Zap Survey

<div>Notably, adults who say they experienced a problem with their insurance in the past 12 months are nearly twice as likely to as those who did not experience insurance problems to say it is difficult for them to understand at least some aspect of their health coverage asked about in the survey (63% vs. 33%).</div><div></div><div></div><div></div><div>download zap survey</div><div></div><div>Download &#9999; https://t.co/zgt79NST8v</div><div></div><div></div><div></div><div></div><div></div><div></div><div>Across race and ethnic groups, insured Hispanic adults (37%) are more likely than insured White (29%) and Black (24%) adults to report difficulty understanding their insurance EOB. The share who say they find it at least somewhat difficult to understand their EOB rises to 45% among adults who completed the survey in Spanish. Among these Spanish-dominant speakers, 35% say insurance documents are never or only sometimes available in a language they prefer.</div><div></div><div></div><div>The KFF Survey of Consumer Experiences with Health Insurance asked about several public policies that might help people avoid insurance problems or resolve them more easily and found broad support for each, including large majorities across insurance types and across partisans. The survey did not probe trade-offs that might be involved in changing how measures like these are implemented, including additional administrative costs.</div><div></div><div></div><div>Bootcamps are typically perceived as a way for newcomers to transition into a career as a software developer, but according to our survey, many participants in coding bootcamps were already working as developers. Almost half of our respondents who said they went to a coding bootcamp said they were already working as developers; these developers are likely updating their skills and moving to new areas of the tech industry. Of other bootcamp participants, the most common outcome is to find a job immediately or soon after graduating.</div><div></div><div></div><div>We find differences among developers by gender in our survey responses. For example, twice as many women than men have been coding two years or less, evidence for the shifting demographics of coding as a profession. Also, developers who identify as transgender men or women or of non-binary gender contribute to open source at higher rates (58% and 60%, respectively) than developers who identify as men or women overall (45% and 33%.)</div><div></div><div></div><div></div><div></div><div></div><div></div><div>We see varying representation by men and women in different developer roles on our survey. All categories have dramatically more developers who identify as men than women but the ratio of men to women varies. Developers who are educators or academic researchers are about 10 times more likely to be men than women, while developers who are system admins or DevOps specialists are 25-30 times more likely to be men than women. Women have the highest representation as academics, QA developers, data scientists, and designers.</div><div></div><div></div><div>For the third year in a row, Rust is the most loved programming language among our respondents, followed close behind by Kotlin, a language we asked about for the first time on our survey this year. This means that proportionally, more developers want to continue working with these than other languages.</div><div></div><div></div><div>Some developers come to Stack Overflow only to find answers to their questions, while others participate in the community by asking, answering, voting for, or commenting on questions. Over 40% of survey respondents participate on Stack Overflow a few times per month or more often. Interested in a place for you and your technical team to ask and answer questions in a secure environment? Learn more about Stack Overflow for Teams.</div><div></div><div></div><div>Most of the respondents to our survey consider themselves part of our community, but this varies for different groups of people. For example, we find that respondents who identify as male see themselves as part of the community at higher rates than those with other gender identities. The tech community as a whole, and we at Stack Overflow in particular, still have work to do in this area.</div><div></div><div></div><div>As we work to make our community a better place for developers to learn, share, and grow their careers, we asked our survey respondents about their interest in possible new tools. An employer review system and help with career growth garnered the most interest.</div><div></div><div></div><div>This year, our survey included questions about what developers think the best, worst, most annoying, and most exciting things about Stack Overflow are. (These questions were randomized so that each respondent got one positive and one negative version.) In the positive versions of these questions, respondents were more likely to talk about the wealth of sharing and collaboration on our site. In the negative versions, respondents reflected on harsh interactions they've witnessed, downvotes, and handling of duplicate questions.</div><div></div><div></div><div>To address the characteristics of our data, be sure to check out where we summarize results by country or gender, highlight results for underrepresented racial/ethnic groups, or use survey weighting to correct for demographic skew.</div><div></div><div></div><div>Each month, about 50 million people visit Stack Overflow to learn, share, and build their careers. We estimate that 21 million of these people are professional developers and university-level students. The majority of our survey respondents this year were people who said they are professional developers or who code sometimes as part of their work, or are students preparing for such a career. About 4% of respondents code as a hobby but not as a profession, and just under 2% of respondents used to be professional developers but no longer are.</div><div></div><div></div><div>Survey weighting is an approach used to analyze survey data when the survey sample doesn't match the underlying population well. For example, in our survey this year, 11% of US respondents identify as women, but data from the US Bureau of Labor Statistics estimates that women's participation in the software developer workforce is about twice that, more like 20%. We can use survey weighting to adjust for the mismatch between our survey sample and the population of developers. We know that there is a difference in developer type representation by gender, so let's compare the overall proportions in our raw results for the United States with weighted proportions, assuming that we undersampled gender minorities at the rate indicated by the BLS report. When we use weighting, we see small increases in the representation of developer roles that have the most representation from women, like designers, and decreases in others with low representation from women, like DevOps.</div><div></div><div></div><div>We know there are more ways in which our survey sample doesn't match the underlying population of developers than only gender (including frequency of use of Stack Overflow), and the United States is not the only country for which we expect such a mismatch. The reason we're using this specific example of weighting here is that it is one where we know we have systemic sampling issues and we have an estimate about the expected population proportion. We can demonstrate the effect of our survey sample on our results, both in direction and magnitude.</div><div></div><div></div><div>This year 11% of US survey respondents are women, up from 9% on last year's survey. This represents incremental improvement in this area, but the continued low proportion points to problems with inclusion in the tech industry in general and on Stack Overflow in particular.</div><div></div><div></div><div>We see varying representation from men and women in different developer roles on our survey. All categories have dramatically more developers who identify as men than women but the ratio of men to women varies. Developer types above the line have respondents that are more likely than average to be men, and those below the line have respondents who are more likely than average to be women. Developers who are data scientists or academic researchers are about 10 times more likely to be men than women, while developers who are system admins or DevOps specialists are 25-30 times more likely to be men than women. Women have the highest representation as front-end developers, designers, data scientists, data analysts, QA or test developers, scientists, and educators.</div><div></div><div></div><div>Most respondents on our survey say their organizations are not using or implementing blockchain technology, and the most common use reported is outside of currency. Developers in India are the most likely to say their organizations are using blockchain technology.</div><div></div><div></div><div>When asked what they primarily believe about blockchain technology, respondents on our survey are largely optimistic about its broad usefulness. This optimism is largely concentrated among young, less experienced developers, however. The more experienced a respondent is, the more likely they are to say blockchain technology is an irresponsible use of resources.</div><div></div><div></div><div>Since we know that there is difference in opinion about job priorities by gender, let's compare the overall opinion in our raw results with a weighted opinion. Using survey weighting doesn't change the results for most choices dramatically, but the diversity of an organization grows significantly more important.</div><div></div><div></div><div>Developers visit Stack Overflow. A lot. Our survey respondents likely visit even more than the average developer, since a majority of respondents found the survey from Stack Overflow emails, notifications, and banners. Over 85% of respondents visit Stack Overflow at least a few times per week, with over 60% visiting every day. In the United States, there are only slight shifts between the results weighted by gender and unweighted results on visit frequency.</div><div></div><div></div><div>Many respondents can't remember when they first visited Stack Overflow. Of those willing to make an estimate, about half say they first visited in the first four years of Stack Overflow's existence, in 2012 or before. This is important background for interpreting our survey results, as our survey sample contains proportionally more long-time community members than the population of Stack Overflow users in general.</div><div></div><div></div><div>About 85% of the participants in our survey say they are registered users with accounts. This is important context for interpreting our survey results, because most Stack Overflow traffic is anonymous, unregistered users.</div><div></div><div></div><div>Some developers come to Stack Overflow only to find answers to their questions, while others participate in the community by asking, answering, voting for, or commenting on questions. Over 30% of survey respondents participate on Stack Overflow a few times per month or more often. When comparing United States weighted to unweighted results, we see more representation from those who have never participated on Stack Overflow.</div><div></div><div> df19127ead</div>