skolem warnings

Jonathan Ito <[email protected]> Fri, 19 Mar 2004 11:24:25 -0800

Newsgroups	gmane.comp.ai.powerloom
Message-ID	<[email protected]>

Hi all,

I'm pretty new to powerloom and have run into the following problem. I 
was able to load a very small plm file into powerloom and perform a 
couple basic queries. But when I ran a more complicated one, the system 
complained about skolems. Any help regarding this warning would be 
appreciated. The trace is below. Thanks.


------------------------------------------------
|= (load "bio.plm")

|= (in-module "BIODEMO")

|= (ask (forall (?x) (=> (dicot ?x)
                          (cardinality (fillers cotyledon-of ?x) 2))))

TRUE

|= (ask (forall (?x) (=> (dicot ?x)
                          (number-of-cotyledons ?x 2))))

TRUE

|= (ask (forall (?x ?y) (=> (and (dicot ?x)
                               (leaf ?y)
                               (leaf-of ?x ?y))
                           (netted-vein-leaf ?y))))

Can we eliminate the skolem `anonymous-011' from the description???

Warning: Don't know how to generate skolem: `anonymous-011'

Can we eliminate the skolem `anonymous-011' from the description???

TRUE

|=

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bio.plm (text/plain, 1.9 KB)

(defmodule "PL-USER/BIODEMO")
(in-module "BIODEMO")
(clear-module "BIODEMO")
(reset-features)

(defconcept physical-system (?p))
(defrelation part-of ((?p physical-system) ?component))

(defrelation has-part-of-type (?physical-system ?type)
	     :<=> (exists ?part (AND (part-of ?physical-system ?part)
				  (instance-of ?part ?type))))

(defconcept plant (?x physical-system))


(defconcept angiosperm (?x plant)
	    :<=> (has-part-of-type ?x vascular-tissue))

(assert (synonym angiosperm flowering-plant))

(defconcept cotyledon (?x physical-system))

(defrelation cotyledon-of ((?plant plant) (?cotyledon cotyledon))
	     :<=> (AND (part-of ?plant ?cotyledon)
		       (plant ?plant)
		       (cotyledon ?cotyledon)))

(assert (subrelation part-of cotyledon-of))

(defrelation number-of-cotyledons ((?plant plant) (?i integer)))

(defconcept leaf (?x physical-system))

(defrelation leaf-of ((?plant plant) (?leaf leaf))
	     :<=> (AND (part-of ?plant ?leaf)
		       (plant ?plant)
		       (leaf ?leaf)))



(defconcept netted-vein-leaf (?x leaf))

(defconcept flower (?x physical-system))

(defrelation flower-of ((?plant plant) (?flower flower))
	     :<=> (AND (part-of ?plant ?flower)
		       (plant ?plant)
		       (flower ?flower)))

(defconcept flower-part ((?flower flower) (?flower-part flower-part)
		:<=> (AND (part-of ?flower ?flower-part)
		       (flower ?flower)
		       (flower-part ?flower-part))))			

(defrelation number-of-flower-parts ((?flower flower) ?x ))

(defconcept dicot (?dicot angiosperm)
	    :<=> (AND (cardinality (fillers cotyledon-of ?dicot) 2)
		      (number-of-cotyledons ?dicot 2)
		      (forall ?l (=> (AND (leaf ?l)
					  (leaf-of ?dicot ?l))
				     (netted-vein-leaf ?l)))
			(forall ?f (=> (AND (flower ?f)
					  (flower-of ?dicot ?f))
				       (number-of-flower-parts ?f "multiples of 4 or 5")))))
		      ;;(forall ?f (=> (AND (flower ?f)
		;;			  (flower-of ?f ?dicot))
		;;		     (cardinality (fillers flower-part ?f) 4)))