[PATCH] aarch64: Implement vector DImode high-part multiply using SVE for Advanced SIMD modes

<[email protected]> Thu, 6 Aug 2026 08:45:15 +0200
Newsgroups gmane.comp.gcc.patches
Message-ID <[email protected]>
From: Kyrylo Tkachov <[email protected]>

Advanced SIMD has no 64x64 high-part multiply, so the vectorizer
currently cannot use its modes for loops such as:

  for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
    d[i] = (uint64_t) (((unsigned __int128) a[i] * b[i]) >> 64);

SVE has UMULH and SMULH for D elements and the Z registers overlap the V
registers, so the Advanced SIMD optab can be implemented on top of the SVE
instruction.  Extend the high-part multiply patterns from SVE_I to
SVE_I_SIMD_DI, exactly as mul<mode>3 already does for vector DImode
multiplication, and print the operands with %Z so that the V2DI form uses
the Z register names.

For the loop above on a 128-bit SVE implementation, we now get

	ldr	q31, [x1, x4]                   umulh   x5, x5, x6
	ldr	q30, [x2, x4]        instead of  str     x5, [x0, x4]
	umulh	z30.d, z31.d, z30.d
	str	q30, [x0, x4]

Bootstrapped and regression-tested on aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu.
Ok for trunk?
Thanks,
Kyrill

gcc/ChangeLog:

	* config/aarch64/aarch64-sve.md (<su>mul<mode>3_highpart): Extend
	from SVE_I to SVE_I_SIMD_DI.
	(@aarch64_pred_<optab><mode>): Likewise for the MUL_HIGHPART form,
	and print the data operands with %Z.
	* config/aarch64/aarch64-sve2.md (@aarch64_sve2_<optab><mode>):
	Likewise.

gcc/testsuite/ChangeLog:

	* gcc.target/aarch64/sve/mul_highpart_v2di_1.c: New test.
	* gcc.target/aarch64/sve/mul_highpart_v2di_2.c: New test.
	* gcc.target/aarch64/sve/mul_highpart_v2di_3.c: New test.
	* gcc.target/aarch64/sve/mul_highpart_v2di_run.c: New test.

Signed-off-by: Kyrylo Tkachov <[email protected]>
---
 gcc/config/aarch64/aarch64-sve.md             | 29 +++++++------
 gcc/config/aarch64/aarch64-sve2.md            | 13 +++---
 .../aarch64/sve/mul_highpart_v2di_1.c         | 25 +++++++++++
 .../aarch64/sve/mul_highpart_v2di_2.c         | 23 ++++++++++
 .../aarch64/sve/mul_highpart_v2di_3.c         | 22 ++++++++++
 .../aarch64/sve/mul_highpart_v2di_run.c       | 43 +++++++++++++++++++
 6 files changed, 136 insertions(+), 19 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 gcc/testsuite/gcc.target/aarch64/sve/mul_highpart_v2di_1.c
 create mode 100644 gcc/testsuite/gcc.target/aarch64/sve/mul_highpart_v2di_2.c
 create mode 100644 gcc/testsuite/gcc.target/aarch64/sve/mul_highpart_v2di_3.c
 create mode 100644 gcc/testsuite/gcc.target/aarch64/sve/mul_highpart_v2di_run.c

diff --git a/gcc/config/aarch64/aarch64-sve.md b/gcc/config/aarch64/aarch64-sve.md
index f665417dba4..5f9a19c42e9 100644
--- a/gcc/config/aarch64/aarch64-sve.md
+++ b/gcc/config/aarch64/aarch64-sve.md
@@ -4881,13 +4881,16 @@
 ;; -------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 ;; Unpredicated highpart multiplication.
+;; Advanced SIMD has no vector DImode high-part multiply, but SVE does.
+;; Make use of the overlap between Z and V registers to implement the V2DI
+;; optab for TARGET_SVE, in the same way as the mul<mode>3 expander above.
 (define_expand "<su>mul<mode>3_highpart"
-  [(set (match_operand:SVE_I 0 "register_operand")
-	(unspec:SVE_I
+  [(set (match_operand:SVE_I_SIMD_DI 0 "register_operand")
+	(unspec:SVE_I_SIMD_DI
 	  [(match_dup 3)
-	   (unspec:SVE_I
-	     [(match_operand:SVE_I 1 "register_operand")
-	      (match_operand:SVE_I 2 "register_operand")]
+	   (unspec:SVE_I_SIMD_DI
+	     [(match_operand:SVE_I_SIMD_DI 1 "register_operand")
+	      (match_operand:SVE_I_SIMD_DI 2 "register_operand")]
 	     MUL_HIGHPART)]
 	  UNSPEC_PRED_X))]
   "TARGET_SVE"
@@ -4898,22 +4901,22 @@
 
 ;; Predicated highpart multiplication.
 (define_insn_and_split "@aarch64_pred_<optab><mode>"
-  [(set (match_operand:SVE_I 0 "register_operand")
-	(unspec:SVE_I
+  [(set (match_operand:SVE_I_SIMD_DI 0 "register_operand")
+	(unspec:SVE_I_SIMD_DI
 	  [(match_operand:<VPRED> 1 "register_operand")
-	   (unspec:SVE_I
-	     [(match_operand:SVE_I 2 "register_operand")
-	      (match_operand:SVE_I 3 "register_operand")]
+	   (unspec:SVE_I_SIMD_DI
+	     [(match_operand:SVE_I_SIMD_DI 2 "register_operand")
+	      (match_operand:SVE_I_SIMD_DI 3 "register_operand")]
 	     MUL_HIGHPART)]
 	  UNSPEC_PRED_X))]
   "TARGET_SVE"
   {@ [ cons: =0 , 1   , %2 , 3 ; attrs: movprfx ]
-     [ w        , Upl , 0  , w ; *              ] <su>mulh\t%0.<Vetype>, %1/m, %0.<Vetype>, %3.<Vetype>
-     [ ?&w      , Upl , w  , w ; yes            ] movprfx\t%0, %2\;<su>mulh\t%0.<Vetype>, %1/m, %0.<Vetype>, %3.<Vetype>
+     [ w        , Upl , 0  , w ; *              ] <su>mulh\t%Z0.<Vetype>, %1/m, %Z0.<Vetype>, %Z3.<Vetype>
+     [ ?&w      , Upl , w  , w ; yes            ] movprfx\t%Z0, %Z2\;<su>mulh\t%Z0.<Vetype>, %1/m, %Z0.<Vetype>, %Z3.<Vetype>
   }
   "TARGET_SVE2"
   [(set (match_dup 0)
-	(unspec:SVE_I
+	(unspec:SVE_I_SIMD_DI
 	  [(match_dup 2)
 	   (match_dup 3)]
 	  MUL_HIGHPART))]
diff --git a/gcc/config/aarch64/aarch64-sve2.md b/gcc/config/aarch64/aarch64-sve2.md
index a8bee6b6dc7..1cc0cefbee7 100644
--- a/gcc/config/aarch64/aarch64-sve2.md
+++ b/gcc/config/aarch64/aarch64-sve2.md
@@ -983,15 +983,16 @@
 ;; ---- [INT] Unpredicated high-part multiplication
 ;; -------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-;; SVE2 unpredicated SMULH/UMULH.
+;; SVE2 unpredicated SMULH/UMULH.  V2DI is included so that the Advanced
+;; SIMD high-part multiply optabs can be implemented on top of SVE.
 (define_insn "@aarch64_sve2_<optab><mode>"
-  [(set (match_operand:SVE_I 0 "register_operand" "=w")
-	(unspec:SVE_I
-	  [(match_operand:SVE_I 1 "register_operand" "w")
-	   (match_operand:SVE_I 2 "register_operand" "w")]
+  [(set (match_operand:SVE_I_SIMD_DI 0 "register_operand" "=w")
+	(unspec:SVE_I_SIMD_DI
+	  [(match_operand:SVE_I_SIMD_DI 1 "register_operand" "w")
+	   (match_operand:SVE_I_SIMD_DI 2 "register_operand" "w")]
 	  MUL_HIGHPART))]
   "TARGET_SVE2"
-  "<su>mulh\t%0.<Vetype>, %1.<Vetype>, %2.<Vetype>"
+  "<su>mulh\t%Z0.<Vetype>, %Z1.<Vetype>, %Z2.<Vetype>"
   [(set_attr "sve_type" "sve_int_mul")]
 )
 
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/gcc.target/aarch64/sve/mul_highpart_v2di_1.c b/gcc/testsuite/gcc.target/aarch64/sve/mul_highpart_v2di_1.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..af1548571b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/gcc.target/aarch64/sve/mul_highpart_v2di_1.c
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+/* Advanced SIMD has no 64-bit high-part multiply, but SVE does, and the two
+   register files overlap.  Check that a 128-bit vector high-part multiply is
+   used when the vectoriser is restricted to Advanced SIMD modes.  */
+/* { dg-do assemble { target aarch64_asm_sve_ok } } */
+/* { dg-options "-O2 -ftree-vectorize -march=armv8.2-a+sve -mautovec-preference=asimd-only --save-temps" } */
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+#define DEF_LOOP(TYPE, WIDE)					\
+  void __attribute__ ((noipa))					\
+  mulh_##TYPE (TYPE *restrict dst, TYPE *restrict a,		\
+	       TYPE *restrict b, int count)			\
+  {								\
+    for (int i = 0; i < count; ++i)				\
+      dst[i] = (TYPE) (((WIDE) a[i] * b[i]) >> 64);		\
+  }
+
+DEF_LOOP (int64_t, __int128)
+DEF_LOOP (uint64_t, unsigned __int128)
+
+/* { dg-final { scan-assembler-times {\tsmulh\tz[0-9]+\.d, p[0-7]/m, z[0-9]+\.d, z[0-9]+\.d\n} 1 } } */
+/* { dg-final { scan-assembler-times {\tumulh\tz[0-9]+\.d, p[0-7]/m, z[0-9]+\.d, z[0-9]+\.d\n} 1 } } */
+/* The loop must use Advanced SIMD 128-bit accesses, not a scalable loop.  */
+/* { dg-final { scan-assembler {\tldr\tq[0-9]+} } } */
+/* { dg-final { scan-assembler-not {\twhilelo\t} } } */
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/gcc.target/aarch64/sve/mul_highpart_v2di_2.c b/gcc/testsuite/gcc.target/aarch64/sve/mul_highpart_v2di_2.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..307d58258b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/gcc.target/aarch64/sve/mul_highpart_v2di_2.c
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+/* Same as mul_highpart_v2di_1.c, but for SVE2, where the high-part multiply
+   has an unpredicated form.  */
+/* { dg-do assemble { target aarch64_asm_sve2_ok } } */
+/* { dg-options "-O2 -ftree-vectorize -march=armv8.2-a+sve2 -mautovec-preference=asimd-only --save-temps" } */
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+#define DEF_LOOP(TYPE, WIDE)					\
+  void __attribute__ ((noipa))					\
+  mulh_##TYPE (TYPE *restrict dst, TYPE *restrict a,		\
+	       TYPE *restrict b, int count)			\
+  {								\
+    for (int i = 0; i < count; ++i)				\
+      dst[i] = (TYPE) (((WIDE) a[i] * b[i]) >> 64);		\
+  }
+
+DEF_LOOP (int64_t, __int128)
+DEF_LOOP (uint64_t, unsigned __int128)
+
+/* { dg-final { scan-assembler-times {\tsmulh\tz[0-9]+\.d, z[0-9]+\.d, z[0-9]+\.d\n} 1 } } */
+/* { dg-final { scan-assembler-times {\tumulh\tz[0-9]+\.d, z[0-9]+\.d, z[0-9]+\.d\n} 1 } } */
+/* { dg-final { scan-assembler {\tldr\tq[0-9]+} } } */
+/* { dg-final { scan-assembler-not {\twhilelo\t} } } */
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/gcc.target/aarch64/sve/mul_highpart_v2di_3.c b/gcc/testsuite/gcc.target/aarch64/sve/mul_highpart_v2di_3.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..afb88be52ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/gcc.target/aarch64/sve/mul_highpart_v2di_3.c
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+/* The Shoup modular multiply used by lattice cryptography.  The high-part
+   multiply is the only operation Advanced SIMD lacks, so without a 128-bit
+   vector form of it the whole loop stays scalar.  */
+/* { dg-do assemble { target aarch64_asm_sve2_ok } } */
+/* { dg-options "-O2 -ftree-vectorize -march=armv8.2-a+sve2 -mautovec-preference=asimd-only --save-temps" } */
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+void __attribute__ ((noipa))
+mul_mod (uint64_t *restrict dst, const uint64_t *restrict src,
+	 uint64_t operand, uint64_t quotient, uint64_t modulus, int count)
+{
+  for (int i = 0; i < count; ++i)
+    {
+      uint64_t hi = (uint64_t) (((unsigned __int128) src[i] * quotient) >> 64);
+      uint64_t t = operand * src[i] - hi * modulus;
+      dst[i] = t >= modulus ? t - modulus : t;
+    }
+}
+
+/* { dg-final { scan-assembler-times {\tumulh\tz[0-9]+\.d, z[0-9]+\.d, z[0-9]+\.d\n} 1 } } */
+/* { dg-final { scan-assembler {\tldr\tq[0-9]+} } } */
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/gcc.target/aarch64/sve/mul_highpart_v2di_run.c b/gcc/testsuite/gcc.target/aarch64/sve/mul_highpart_v2di_run.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..9b9b2ab40dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/gcc.target/aarch64/sve/mul_highpart_v2di_run.c
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+/* { dg-do run { target aarch64_sve_hw } } */
+/* { dg-options "-O2 -ftree-vectorize -march=armv8.2-a+sve -mautovec-preference=asimd-only" } */
+
+#include "mul_highpart_v2di_1.c"
+
+#define N 77
+
+static int64_t sa[N], sb[N], sd[N];
+static uint64_t ua[N], ub[N], ud[N];
+
+int
+main (void)
+{
+  uint64_t s = 0x243f6a8885a308d3ULL;
+  for (int i = 0; i < N; ++i)
+    {
+      s ^= s << 13; s ^= s >> 7; s ^= s << 17;
+      sa[i] = (int64_t) s;
+      ua[i] = s;
+      s ^= s << 13; s ^= s >> 7; s ^= s << 17;
+      sb[i] = (int64_t) s;
+      ub[i] = s;
+    }
+  /* Boundary values.  */
+  sa[0] = INT64_MIN; sb[0] = INT64_MIN;
+  sa[1] = INT64_MIN; sb[1] = -1;
+  sa[2] = -1; sb[2] = -1;
+  ua[0] = 0; ub[0] = ~0ULL;
+  ua[1] = ~0ULL; ub[1] = ~0ULL;
+  ua[2] = 1ULL << 63; ub[2] = 1ULL << 63;
+
+  mulh_int64_t (sd, sa, sb, N);
+  mulh_uint64_t (ud, ua, ub, N);
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < N; ++i)
+    {
+      if (sd[i] != (int64_t) (((__int128) sa[i] * sb[i]) >> 64))
+	__builtin_abort ();
+      if (ud[i] != (uint64_t) (((unsigned __int128) ua[i] * ub[i]) >> 64))
+	__builtin_abort ();
+    }
+  return 0;
+}
-- 
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