[Security] Signed overflow in src/builtin.c may lead to OOB read

Zhihan Zheng <[email protected]> Mon, 16 Mar 2026 21:03:42 +0800
Newsgroups gmane.comp.gnu.m4.bugs
Message-ID <TYRP301MB1427B1CE6049F6E6E5BE6FCED140A@TYRP301MB1427.JPNP301.PROD.OUTLOOK.COM>
Hello GNU m4 Maintainer,

I would like to report a potential security issue in m4 1.4.21.

The issue is in substr handling in src/builtin.c. The code checks:

```c
if (start + length > avail)
   length = avail - start;
obstack_grow (obs, ARG (1) + start, length);
```

Because start, length, and avail are stored as int, start + length can 
overflow. With crafted input, this can bypass the intended bounds logic 
and lead to an out-of-bounds read followed by a crash.

Affected area:
- src/builtin.c:1822-1847

If useful, I can provide a minimal PoC and sanitizer output.

If you believe this is a valid security issue, please let me know your 
preferred remediation or coordinated disclosure process. If needed, I 
can also assist with CVE coordination after triage.

-- 
Best regards,
Zhihan Zheng
Beijing Institute of Technology