Re: Complex Exponential Integral

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Hi,

I found the code on https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1145/78928.78934; the
supplementary material contains all the subroutines concatenated into one
file (https://dl.acm.org/doi/suppl/10.1145/78928.78934/suppl_file/683.gz).
It is also available on https://www.netlib.org/toms-2014-06-10/ (scroll to
algorithm 683).
The fact that it is on netlib tells me it is likely free to use. However,
the ACM TOMS license agreement is here:
https://www.acm.org/publications/policies/software-copyright-notice . I am
not sure if this conflicts with Gnuplot's license? Whether a more
permissive license applies to cexint_.f  than to zexint_.f is also unclear
to me.

An awkward point, to the best of my understanding, is that an unmodified
version of cexint will not work with the Gnuplot source code, as it expects
single-precision arguments. Yet, changing cexint is not
completely straightforward: Comparing cexint and zexint (and the
accompanying routines cexent and zexent), I noticed the more subtle point
that cexint uses r1mach.f and zexint uses d1mach.f; moreover, they use
different constants from i1mach to establish precision (elements 12,13 vs.
15,16). Also, in zexint all constants are replaced by their
double-precision counterparts.

For all these reasons, I would argue that if copyright restrictions are the
same for cexint and zexint, it would be better to use the latter - a user
could then directly download this subroutine and use it without
modifications.

Lastly, a tricky point that is easily overlooked is that i1mach, r1mach,
d1mach need to be configured for x86. Moreover, since openspecfun is built
as a library, it already contains i1mach and d1mach, opening the door for
conflicting functions if one gathers cexint/zexint into a separate
library...

I am attaching my modified version of amos_airy.c, in case you are swayed
by my argument...

Best,

Erik







On Tue, Jul 8, 2025 at 7:26=E2=80=AFPM Ethan A Merritt <[email protected]> wro=
te:

> On Tuesday, 8 July 2025 14:21:01 PDT Erik Luijten wrote:
> > Hi Ethan,
> >
> > In amos_airy.c, you write:
> >
> >  * The cexint_() routine is also from the AMOS collection, but is not
> part
> >  * of the Bessel function subset and not included in libopenspecfun.
> >  * I could not find source for a version of the source that splits the
> >  * real and imaginary parts of the arguments as with the zxxxx.f Bessel
> >  * routines; this one accepts and returns a CMPLX argument rather than
> > separate
> >  * real and imaginary parts.
> >  *             D. E. Amos, ALGORITHM 683  A Portable FORTRAN Subroutine
> >  *             for Exponential Integrals of a Complex Argument
> >  *             ACM Trans. Math. Software 16:178-182 (1990)
> >
> > This confuses me for two reasons:
> > - You invoke CEXINT as a double precision function, even though this
> > Fortran function is single precision.
>
> > - The algorithm 683 you quote DOES provide a separate double precision
> > function, ZEXINT. Moreover, that function does exactly what you were
> > looking for, namely taking and returning separate real and imaginary
> parts.
>
> There is some history behind this due to IMHO over-zealous, or at least
> overly pessimistic, concern about license contamination with non-free cod=
e.
> I cited a publication in ACM/TMS that describes the implementation.
> However, people have assserted that code obtained through the ACM
> journal is non-free because the journal claims copyright.
> I believe this to be factually incorrect; the published article may be
> subject
> to copyright but not the code it describes. In any case, rather than purs=
ue
> the argument I instead used copies of the code obtained from US national
> lab repositories.  I found source there for cexint.f but not for zexint.f=
,
> so that is what I use myself to build libamos and what I invoked from the
> gnuplot code.
>
> Even so that was apparently not sufficient by itself to convince hard-cor=
e
> "free licenses only" gatekeepers.
> There is an explicit statement of the [non]copyright status of the code
> in the cited 1985 Sandia National Laboratory report, but that report
> predated development of the expint routines (1990?) and I did not find a
> separate Sandia report that mentions them specifically.
> That is probably why neither routine is included in libopenspec,
> and why inclusion in gnuplot is a configuration option.
>
> > I changed f_amos_cexint to use ZEXINT (just for my own edification) and
> it
> > works properly. However, before submitting it, I wonder what am I
> missing?
>
> Where did you obtain a copy of the source?
> Can you document the relevant claim or non-claim of copyright or
> licensing?
>
> And, out of curiosity, is there anything in the zexint.f code that would
> differentiate it from a single-precision version other than declaration
> of the variables as Fortran DOUBLE PRECISION?
>
>         Ethan
>
>
> >
> > Thank you,
> >
> > Erik
> >
>
>
>
>

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<div dir=3D"ltr">Hi,<div><br></div><div>I found the=C2=A0code on=C2=A0<a hr=
ef=3D"https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1145/78928.78934">https://dl.acm.org/do=
i/abs/10.1145/78928.78934</a>; the supplementary material contains all the =
subroutines concatenated into one file (<a href=3D"https://dl.acm.org/doi/s=
uppl/10.1145/78928.78934/suppl_file/683.gz">https://dl.acm.org/doi/suppl/10=
.1145/78928.78934/suppl_file/683.gz</a>).=C2=A0 It is also available on=C2=
=A0<a href=3D"https://www.netlib.org/toms-2014-06-10/">https://www.netlib.o=
rg/toms-2014-06-10/</a> (scroll to algorithm 683).<br>The fact that it is o=
n netlib tells me it is likely free to use. However, the ACM TOMS license a=
greement is here:=C2=A0<a href=3D"https://www.acm.org/publications/policies=
/software-copyright-notice">https://www.acm.org/publications/policies/softw=
are-copyright-notice</a> . I am not sure if this conflicts with Gnuplot&#39=
;s=C2=A0license? Whether a more permissive license applies to cexint_.f=C2=
=A0 than to zexint_.f is also unclear to me.<br><br>An awkward point, to th=
e best of my understanding, is that an unmodified version of cexint will no=
t work with the Gnuplot source code, as it expects single-precision argumen=
ts. Yet, changing=C2=A0cexint is not completely=C2=A0straightforward: Compa=
ring=C2=A0cexint and=C2=A0zexint (and the accompanying routines cexent=C2=
=A0and zexent), I noticed the more subtle point that cexint uses r1mach.f a=
nd zexint=C2=A0uses d1mach.f; moreover, they use different constants from i=
1mach to establish precision (elements 12,13 vs. 15,16). Also, in zexint al=
l constants are replaced by their double-precision counterparts.</div><div>=
<br></div><div>For all these reasons, I would argue that if copyright restr=
ictions are the same for cexint and zexint, it would be better to use the l=
atter - a user could then directly download this subroutine and use it with=
out modifications.</div><div><br></div><div>Lastly, a tricky point that is =
easily overlooked is that i1mach, r1mach, d1mach need to be configured for =
x86. Moreover, since openspecfun=C2=A0is built as a library, it already con=
tains i1mach=C2=A0and d1mach, opening the door for conflicting functions if=
 one gathers=C2=A0cexint/zexint=C2=A0into a separate library...</div><div><=
br></div><div>I am attaching my modified version of amos_airy.c, in case yo=
u are swayed by my argument...</div><div><br></div><div>Best,</div><div><br=
></div><div>Erik</div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><br=
></div><div><br></div><div><br></div></div><br><div class=3D"gmail_quote gm=
ail_quote_container"><div dir=3D"ltr" class=3D"gmail_attr">On Tue, Jul 8, 2=
025 at 7:26=E2=80=AFPM Ethan A Merritt &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:[email protected]=
">[email protected]</a>&gt; wrote:<br></div><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" =
style=3D"margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);pa=
dding-left:1ex">On Tuesday, 8 July 2025 14:21:01 PDT Erik Luijten wrote:<br=
>
&gt; Hi Ethan,<br>
&gt; <br>
&gt; In amos_airy.c, you write:<br>
&gt; <br>
&gt;=C2=A0 * The cexint_() routine is also from the AMOS collection, but is=
 not part<br>
&gt;=C2=A0 * of the Bessel function subset and not included in libopenspecf=
un.<br>
&gt;=C2=A0 * I could not find source for a version of the source that split=
s the<br>
&gt;=C2=A0 * real and imaginary parts of the arguments as with the zxxxx.f =
Bessel<br>
&gt;=C2=A0 * routines; this one accepts and returns a CMPLX argument rather=
 than<br>
&gt; separate<br>
&gt;=C2=A0 * real and imaginary parts.<br>
&gt;=C2=A0 *=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0D. E. Amos, ALG=
ORITHM 683=C2=A0 A Portable FORTRAN Subroutine<br>
&gt;=C2=A0 *=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0for Exponential=
 Integrals of a Complex Argument<br>
&gt;=C2=A0 *=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0ACM Trans. Math=
. Software 16:178-182 (1990)<br>
&gt; <br>
&gt; This confuses me for two reasons:<br>
&gt; - You invoke CEXINT as a double precision function, even though this<b=
r>
&gt; Fortran function is single precision.<br>
<br>
&gt; - The algorithm 683 you quote DOES provide a separate double precision=
<br>
&gt; function, ZEXINT. Moreover, that function does exactly what you were<b=
r>
&gt; looking for, namely taking and returning separate real and imaginary p=
arts.<br>
<br>
There is some history behind this due to IMHO over-zealous, or at least<br>
overly pessimistic, concern about license contamination with non-free code.=
<br>
I cited a publication in ACM/TMS that describes the implementation.<br>
However, people have assserted that code obtained through the ACM<br>
journal is non-free because the journal claims copyright.<br>
I believe this to be factually incorrect; the published article may be subj=
ect<br>
to copyright but not the code it describes. In any case, rather than pursue=
<br>
the argument I instead used copies of the code obtained from US national<br=
>
lab repositories.=C2=A0 I found source there for cexint.f but not for zexin=
t.f,<br>
so that is what I use myself to build libamos and what I invoked from the<b=
r>
gnuplot code.<br>
<br>
Even so that was apparently not sufficient by itself to convince hard-core<=
br>
&quot;free licenses only&quot; gatekeepers.<br>
There is an explicit statement of the [non]copyright status of the code<br>
in the cited 1985 Sandia National Laboratory report, but that report<br>
predated development of the expint routines (1990?) and I did not find a<br=
>
separate Sandia report that mentions them specifically. <br>
That is probably why neither routine is included in libopenspec,<br>
and why inclusion in gnuplot is a configuration option.<br>
<br>
&gt; I changed f_amos_cexint to use ZEXINT (just for my own edification) an=
d it<br>
&gt; works properly. However, before submitting it, I wonder what am I miss=
ing?<br>
<br>
Where did you obtain a copy of the source?<br>
Can you document the relevant claim or non-claim of copyright or<br>
licensing?<br>
<br>
And, out of curiosity, is there anything in the zexint.f code that would<br=
>
differentiate it from a single-precision version other than declaration<br>
of the variables as Fortran DOUBLE PRECISION?<br>
<br>
=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 Ethan<br>
<br>
<br>
&gt; <br>
&gt; Thank you,<br>
&gt; <br>
&gt; Erik<br>
&gt; <br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
</blockquote></div>

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