Re: Question for xalloc

"Tom Collins tom-lnEA/wrDJtNWk0Htik3J/[email protected] [rabbit-semi]" <[email protected]> Mon, 11 Sep 2017 11:09:51 -0700
Newsgroups	gmane.comp.hardware.rabbit-semiconductor
Message-ID	<[email protected]>
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When you call xalloc(), it reserves a portion of xmem for your use.  If you=
 go beyond the length of your allocation, you=E2=80=99ll overwrite somethin=
g else in memory which will likely result in a crash at some point.  Maybe =
you=E2=80=99re OK right now because nothing else is making use of that spac=
e, but you should fix your code to request the correct amount of space to s=
ave yourself headaches with future debugging!

The Rabbit doesn=E2=80=99t have a memory manager in place to throw a segmen=
tation fault when you go outside of the requested memory range.

The =E2=80=9Csz=E2=80=9D parameter to xalloc() is the amount of space to re=
serve.  In the _xalloc() call, you pass a pointer to a long with your desir=
ed allocation, and it will update that value with the actual amount of spac=
e reserved (which may be slightly larger than what you asked for).

Bottom line: If you ask for 512 bytes, don=E2=80=99t try to write past that=
 512-byte boundary.

-Tom


> On Sep 8, 2017, at 1:59 PM, 'Yang Hong' [email protected] [rabbit-semi]=
 <[email protected]> wrote:
>=20
>=20
> Hello,
>=20
>=20=20
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> I am using xalloc to get a block of memory for my data, my data is struct=
ure with many variables, roughly about 512 word, so after I read manual of =
xalloc, I should set 512x2 bytes memory for those data, but when I try to s=
et 512 as memory size, I still can save those data without any problem, I w=
ould like to know why? And also I don=E2=80=99t understand sz explanation i=
n the help below.=20
>=20
>=20=20
>=20
>=20=20
>=20
> SYNTAX: long xalloc(long sz);
>=20
>=20=20
>=20
> DESCRIPTION: Allocates memory in extended memory.  If xalloc() fails,
>=20
> a run-time error will occur.  This is a wrapper function for _xalloc(),
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> for backwards compatibility.  It is the same as
>=20
>   _xalloc(&sz, 1, XALLOC_MAYBBB)
>=20
> except that the actual allocated amount is not returned since the paramet=
er
>=20
> is not a pointer.  The returned address is always even (word) aligned.
>=20
>=20=20
>=20
> NOTE: xalloc is not thread safe, since it accesses a global static struct=
ure
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> with no locking.
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>=20=20
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> PARAMETER1: sz: The number of bytes to allocate.  This is rounded up
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> to the next higher even number. ( what does it mean?)
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>=20=20
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> RETURN VALUE: The 20-bit physical address of the allocated data.
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>=20=20
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> KEYWORDS: xalloc, premain
>=20
>=20=20
>=20
>=20=20
>=20
>=20=20
>=20
> YANG HONG
>=20
> Application Engineer/Technical Support
>=20
> Omniverter Inc.
>=20
> 3075 14th Avenue
>=20
> Unit #13
> Markham, Ontario
> L3R 0G9 Canada
>=20
> Tel: 416 849 2299
>=20
> Direct: 647 874 1505
> USA: 440 290 4499
> Fax: 416 849 2298
>=20
> Web: www.omniverter.com <http://www.omniverter.com/>
>=20=20
>=20
>=20=20
>=20
>=20=20
>=20
>=20
>=20


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    <div id=3D"ygrp-text" >
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      <p><div class>When you call xalloc(), it reserves a portion of xmem f=
or your use. &nbsp;If you go beyond the length of your allocation, you=E2=
=80=99ll overwrite something else in memory which will likely result in a c=
rash at some point. &nbsp;Maybe you=E2=80=99re OK right now because nothing=
 else is making use of that space, but you should fix your code to request =
the correct amount of space to save yourself headaches with future debuggin=
g!</div><div class><br class></div><div class>The Rabbit doesn=E2=80=99t ha=
ve a memory manager in place to throw a segmentation fault when you go outs=
ide of the requested memory range.</div><div class><br class></div><div cla=
ss>The =E2=80=9Csz=E2=80=9D parameter to xalloc() is the amount of space to=
 reserve. &nbsp;In the _xalloc() call, you pass a pointer to a long with yo=
ur desired allocation, and it will update that value with the actual amount=
 of space reserved (which may be slightly larger than what you asked for).<=
/div><div class><br class></div><div class>Bottom line: If you ask for 512 =
bytes, don=E2=80=99t try to write past that 512-byte boundary.</div><br cla=
ss><div class>
<span class=3D"Apple-style-span" style=3D"border-collapse: separate;color: =
rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: Helvetica;font-size: 12px;font-style: normal;font=
-variant: normal;font-weight: normal;letter-spacing: normal;text-align: aut=
o;text-indent: 0px;"><div class>-Tom</div><br class=3D"Apple-interchange-ne=
wline"></span>

</div>
<br class><div><blockquote type=3D"cite" class><div class>On Sep 8, 2017, a=
t 1:59 PM, 'Yang Hong' <a href=3D"mailto:[email protected]" class>yang@om=
niverter.com</a> [rabbit-semi] &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:rabbit-semi@yahoogroup=
s.com" class>[email protected]</a>&gt; wrote:</div><br class=3D"A=
pple-interchange-newline"><div class><div id=3D"ygrp-mlmsg" style=3D"font-s=
ize: 13px;font-family: Arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif;font-style: norm=
al;font-weight: normal;letter-spacing: normal;text-align: start;text-indent=
: 0px;text-transform: none;white-space: normal;word-spacing: 0px;" class><d=
iv id=3D"ygrp-msg" class><div id=3D"ygrp-text" style=3D"font-family: Georgi=
a;" class><div style=3D"margin: 0px 0px 1em;" class><br class=3D"webkit-blo=
ck-placeholder"></div><div class=3D"WordSection1"><p class=3D"MsoNormal" st=
yle=3D"margin: 0px 0px 1em;"><span style=3D"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Ca=
libri, sans-serif;" class>Hello,<o style=3D"font-size: 0px;" class></o></sp=
an></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin: 0px 0px 1em;"><span style=3D=
"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class><o style=3D"font-=
size: 0px;" class>&nbsp;</o></span></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"marg=
in: 0px 0px 1em;"><span style=3D"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Calibri, sans=
-serif;" class>I am using xalloc to get a block of memory for my data, my d=
ata is structure with many variables, roughly about 512 word, so after I re=
ad manual of xalloc, I should set 512x2 bytes memory for those data, but wh=
en I try to set 512 as memory size, I still can save those data without any=
 problem, I would like to know why? And also I don=E2=80=99t understand sz =
explanation in the help below.<span class=3D"Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;<=
/span><o style=3D"font-size: 0px;" class></o></span></p><p class=3D"MsoNorm=
al" style=3D"margin: 0px 0px 1em;"><span style=3D"font-size: 11pt;font-fami=
ly: Calibri, sans-serif;" class><o style=3D"font-size: 0px;" class>&nbsp;</=
o></span></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin: 0px 0px 1em;"><span st=
yle=3D"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class><o style=3D=
"font-size: 0px;" class>&nbsp;</o></span></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=
=3D"margin: 0px 0px 1em;"><span style=3D"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Calib=
ri, sans-serif;" class>SYNTAX: long xalloc(long sz);<o style=3D"font-size: =
0px;" class></o></span></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin: 0px 0px =
1em;"><span style=3D"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" cla=
ss><o style=3D"font-size: 0px;" class>&nbsp;</o></span></p><p class=3D"MsoN=
ormal" style=3D"margin: 0px 0px 1em;"><span style=3D"font-size: 11pt;font-f=
amily: Calibri, sans-serif;" class>DESCRIPTION: Allocates memory in extende=
d memory.&nbsp; If xalloc() fails,<o style=3D"font-size: 0px;" class></o></=
span></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin: 0px 0px 1em;"><span style=
=3D"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class>a run-time err=
or will occur.&nbsp; This is a wrapper function for _xalloc(),<o style=3D"f=
ont-size: 0px;" class></o></span></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin=
: 0px 0px 1em;"><span style=3D"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Calibri, sans-s=
erif;" class>for backwards compatibility.&nbsp; It is the same as<o style=
=3D"font-size: 0px;" class></o></span></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"m=
argin: 0px 0px 1em;"><span style=3D"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Calibri, s=
ans-serif;" class>&nbsp; _xalloc(&amp;sz, 1, XALLOC_MAYBBB)<o style=3D"font=
-size: 0px;" class></o></span></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin: 0=
px 0px 1em;"><span style=3D"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Calibri, sans-seri=
f;" class>except that the actual allocated amount is not returned since the=
 parameter<o style=3D"font-size: 0px;" class></o></span></p><p class=3D"Mso=
Normal" style=3D"margin: 0px 0px 1em;"><span style=3D"font-size: 11pt;font-=
family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class>is not a pointer.&nbsp; The returned ad=
dress is always even (word) aligned.<o style=3D"font-size: 0px;" class></o>=
</span></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin: 0px 0px 1em;"><span styl=
e=3D"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class><o style=3D"f=
ont-size: 0px;" class>&nbsp;</o></span></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"=
margin: 0px 0px 1em;"><span style=3D"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Calibri, =
sans-serif;" class>NOTE: xalloc is not thread safe, since it accesses a glo=
bal static structure<o style=3D"font-size: 0px;" class></o></span></p><p cl=
ass=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin: 0px 0px 1em;"><span style=3D"font-size: =
11pt;font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class>with no locking.<o style=3D"f=
ont-size: 0px;" class></o></span></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin=
: 0px 0px 1em;"><span style=3D"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Calibri, sans-s=
erif;" class><o style=3D"font-size: 0px;" class>&nbsp;</o></span></p><p cla=
ss=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin: 0px 0px 1em;"><span style=3D"font-size: 1=
1pt;font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class>PARAMETER1: sz:<span class=3D"=
Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span><span style=3D"color: red;" class>The n=
umber of bytes to allocate.&nbsp; This is rounded up<o style=3D"font-size: =
0px;" class></o></span></span></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin: 0=
px 0px 1em;"><span style=3D"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Calibri, sans-seri=
f;color: red;" class>to the next higher even number. ( what does it mean?)<=
o style=3D"font-size: 0px;" class></o></span></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal" sty=
le=3D"margin: 0px 0px 1em;"><span style=3D"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Cal=
ibri, sans-serif;" class><o style=3D"font-size: 0px;" class>&nbsp;</o></spa=
n></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin: 0px 0px 1em;"><span style=3D"=
font-size: 11pt;font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class>RETURN VALUE: The =
20-bit physical address of the allocated data.<o style=3D"font-size: 0px;" =
class></o></span></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin: 0px 0px 1em;">=
<span style=3D"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class><o =
style=3D"font-size: 0px;" class>&nbsp;</o></span></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal"=
 style=3D"margin: 0px 0px 1em;"><span style=3D"font-size: 11pt;font-family:=
 Calibri, sans-serif;" class>KEYWORDS: xalloc, premain<o style=3D"font-size=
: 0px;" class></o></span></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin: 0px 0p=
x 1em;"><span style=3D"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" c=
lass><o style=3D"font-size: 0px;" class>&nbsp;</o></span></p><p class=3D"Ms=
oNormal" style=3D"margin: 0px 0px 1em;"><span style=3D"font-size: 11pt;font=
-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class><o style=3D"font-size: 0px;" class>&nb=
sp;</o></span></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin: 0px 0px 1em;"><sp=
an style=3D"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class><o sty=
le=3D"font-size: 0px;" class>&nbsp;</o></span></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal" st=
yle=3D"margin: 0px 0px 1em;"><span style=3D"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Ca=
libri, sans-serif;color: rgb(0, 112, 192);" class>YANG HONG<o style=3D"font=
-size: 0px;" class></o></span></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin: 0=
px 0px 1em;"><i class><span style=3D"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Calibri, =
sans-serif;color: rgb(0, 112, 192);" class>Application Engineer/Technical S=
upport<o style=3D"font-size: 0px;" class></o></span></i></p><p class=3D"Mso=
Normal" style=3D"margin: 0px 0px 1em;"><i class><span style=3D"font-size: 1=
1pt;font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;color: rgb(0, 112, 192);" class>Omnive=
rter Inc.<o style=3D"font-size: 0px;" class></o></span></i></p><p class=3D"=
MsoNormal" style=3D"margin: 0px 0px 1em;"><i class><span style=3D"font-size=
: 9pt;font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;color: rgb(0, 112, 192);" class>3075=
 14<sup class>th</sup><span class=3D"Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span>Av=
enue<o style=3D"font-size: 0px;" class></o></span></i></p><p class=3D"MsoNo=
rmal" style=3D"margin: 0px 0px 1em;"><i class><span style=3D"font-size: 9pt=
;font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;color: rgb(0, 112, 192);" class>Unit #13<=
br class>Markham, Ontario<br class>L3R 0G9 Canada</span></i><i class><span =
style=3D"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;color: rgb(0, 112=
, 192);" class><o style=3D"font-size: 0px;" class></o></span></i></p><p cla=
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t-size: 9pt;font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;color: rgb(0, 112, 192);" clas=
s>Tel: 416 849 2299<o style=3D"font-size: 0px;" class></o></span></i></p><p=
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"font-size: 9pt;font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;color: rgb(0, 112, 192);" =
class>Direct: 647 874 1505<br class>USA: 440 290 4499<br class>Fax: 416 849=
 2298<o style=3D"font-size: 0px;" class></o></span></i></p><p class=3D"MsoN=
ormal" style=3D"margin: 0px 0px 1em;"><i class><span style=3D"font-size: 9p=
t;font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;color: rgb(0, 112, 192);" class>Web:<spa=
n class=3D"Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span><a href=3D"http://www.omnive=
rter.com/" style=3D"font-family: Verdana;" class>www.omniverter.com</a></sp=
an></i><i class><span style=3D"font-size: 11pt;font-family: Calibri, sans-s=
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=20
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--Apple-Mail=_70455943-317B-4A2C-9C2C-02745DDF65C0--