TopComponent not running

As Geertjan has indicated without code you have not given anyone much information to go on.  A picture doesn't help.

You provided a log but didn't provide a comparison log - e.g. successful vs unsuccessful launch.

When you launch from the Installed version you will be using a different User directory and cache directory.  If you are relying on files that were generated during development launches e.g. saved state like which top-components are visible - all that information will be lost in the installed version.

It is possible the installed version runs with a different JRE version - that probably isn't the cause but another environment difference.

You could edit your installed configuration files and point to the development directories and see if that helps.

Also compare the logs from a successful IDE launch vs Installer launch.  Are there any differences in the number of modules that get loaded/started?  Are there any warnings/errors in one and not the other?

If you can create a small project that demonstrates the issue and post the code on github others might be able to help you resolve the issue.