Re: Bitcoin scripting language extensions, collaboration requested
Robbert van Dalen <[email protected]> Wed, 29 Jan 2014 09:12:02 +0100
| Newsgroups | gmane.comp.lang.concatenative |
|---|---|
| Message-ID | <[email protected]> |
--Apple-Mail=_A242B5A7-61EC-4D22-B19F-CA8ED96A8101 Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Type: text/plain; charset=windows-1252 Hi, I=92ve developed (but stopped maintaining) the Enchilada programming langua= ge which more or less covers requirements b) c) and d). Enchilada is (dynamically) mono-typed and homoiconic: evaluations and code = are also data. Proving things in Enchilada should - to some extend - be possible, because = of: 1) pure (rule) rewriting semantics 2) every operator is a pure and total function I=92m not suggesting that Enchilada is a perfect fit, but I do think some o= f Enchilada=92s rationale/design decisions may be of interest to you. Cheers, Robbert. On 29 Jan 2014, at 00:34, Mark Friedenbach <[email protected]> wrote: > -----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE----- > Hash: SHA1 >=20 > Hi, >=20 > My name is Mark Friedenbach and I am a bitcoin-core developer [1]. You > probably know Bitcoin as a peer-to-peer protocol for the digital > money. What you may not know is that Bitcoin uses a simple, > Forth-derived but crippled concatenative language for encoding smart > contracts representing the terms and conditions for transferring > ownership of digital goods. >=20 > I'm part of a small volunteer team that is looking at ways we can > extend the Bitcoin protocol so as to be able to perform a broader > range of financial services. For example, a more expressive scripting > language could enable attaching conditionals / "covenants" to assets > which stay with them even as they transfer owners, e.g. a restricted > buy-back option for an IOU certificate, which lets the debtor pay off > the loan without requiring permission of the owner of the debt or > impacting his/her rights in any other way. This is not currently > possible in Bitcoin. >=20 > We would like to prototype a replacement contract scripting language > for Bitcoin derived from Joy, or any one of the other purely > functional concatenative languages I see discussed in this list's > archives. This is a chance to help secure and extend the capabilities > of a $10 billion economy, and to make an expressive concatenative > language which will be used by the financial industry for decades to come= . >=20 > There are also some interesting requirements that we must place on > such a language: >=20 > a. The language must be strongly typed with a decidable type system > capable of constructing proofs of nontrivial properties. Examples > beyond ordinary type safety verification might include: proving that > the scripts requirements can be met solely with knowledge of a set of > signature-generating private keys, or proving the opposite (that a > script is unspendable); proving that a script has a constraint > attached (e.g. cannot be spent before block height N, or simple > restricted buy-back capability) which can then be pattern matched > against a whitelist of acceptable constraints. >=20 > b. The script must be simple, as thousands of nodes world-wide running > multiple implementations will need to reach global consensus over not > just the outcome of a script, but also some aspects of the execution > (e.g. an instruction counter). Consensus failures whether due to bugs > or faulty designs can lead to unsecured payment networks and possible > losses in the millions of dollars or more. Interpreter escape would be > absolutely catastrophic. So simple, minimal, but expressive > architectures with simple fail-safe implementations are to be > preferred over complex but user-friendly (RISC is better than CISC). >=20 > c. The language must support the various cryptographic primitives > necessary for performing core bitcoin functions. Mostly this just > means adding a handful of builtin words for performing strong > cryptographic hashes and elliptic curve signature verification, but > there are some requirements on the language design as well, chiefly in > making decisions about how the stack is represented for hash > operations and in supporting authenticated data structures as > primitive types for external state. >=20 > d. Merkle structured compiled form [2]. A script containing quoted > forms may be considered a hierarchical structure, and Merkle > compression allows us to reduce such a script to a single root hash > value (to be placed in the output of a bitcoin transaction) or to > "prune" execution pathways which are not taken when the script is > instantiated at spend time, either to compress a large script or to > provide privacy over the data in branches not taken. >=20 > The requirements (a) and (b) are probably the most interesting for > this list. I must admit that type theory is outside of my area of > expertise. I know only enough to know that we need it, but not enough > to design such a system myself. I imagine that it must also be an > interesting challenge to design a minimalistic language that is > trivial to implement, but still capable of generating expressive, > compact, readable programs. >=20 > If anyone here is interested in collaborating with us, or even just > sharing their experience in comments, we'd appreciate it very much! >=20 > Happy hacking, > Mark Friedenbach >=20 > [1]: Bitcoin is a peer-to-peer currency and payment protocol: > http://bitcoin.org/ >=20 > [2]: By analogy to the Merkle hash-tree: > http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merkle_tree > -----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE----- > Version: GnuPG v1.4.14 (GNU/Linux) > Comment: GPGTools - http://gpgtools.org > Comment: Using GnuPG with Thunderbird - http://www.enigmail.net/ >=20 > iQIcBAEBAgAGBQJS6D5pAAoJEAdzVfsmodw4OD4QAK3PrzboP91SfIsvUbPfTHaS > r14eNHNlAQjS0Hdc7vwDEsMsZVB2G4+O+7dpxY1T/YTCM236wPD9q4c85WL35QFJ > CGXdhNeUUYwfPsS9NUC8wyFgm0fC/y6I8dhmZ2OzfUR4SDJF785UZE7FAlFg6zYK > lNKX4jN4Q6XKte/hmvCruDhZ8h3DkwUBkVrc2YqEYtaRRm6VUEXA/tA0tiIXNqfC > FznADvGMxwgH4QamGErfA1cslqbRUtbjneXTpnC9tNmDLZSpQ2HfuYqyGVNupfLU > 4dXPNXY/T63HVABhTy+ERSPy19gh6O9WS0XlwwPPoYUuAFN/H285LeOTJC0AgmaL > 0VKP0iKkBmyMw+AysVZxS6hHK/yl14+Rmq6SZb322qv/hf3paPEgUZGKufcH1IvF > 0LFIZHK+cWaJIigUzuco8jHao0CPaCiV0rDJkK8ZFFY4Ox5Q+PbiQ0tiDFWzMIiL > Rni34wzQKpp7kowcTTbrPNrKeIyxkKG2krQufh4qtRmOOxjOHgdHWsEuThmrAfGc > hZWwd3SLCV0Abu2WOKoZpikYTgQOgOHEDiRYTRHPz/RH9rql15EFRdSFf1zFIiN4 > btFKKQQjzgP9KHgMzRl6tJ76PR2HE1xq0BVZdxnQDlWgZnlnvsHMDG5Z2X4v4ZUB > vGJV4ww+Rz9SVQszIHpr > =3D5kz9 > -----END PGP SIGNATURE----- >=20 >=20 --Apple-Mail=_A242B5A7-61EC-4D22-B19F-CA8ED96A8101 Content-Type: text/html; charset=windows-1252 Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/htm= l4/strict.dtd"> <html> <head> </head> <body style=3D"background-color: #fff;"> <span style=3D"display:none"> </span> <!--~-|**|PrettyHtmlStartT|**|-~--> <div id=3D"ygrp-mlmsg" style=3D"position:relative;"> <div id=3D"ygrp-msg" style=3D"z-index: 1;"> <!--~-|**|PrettyHtmlEndT|**|-~--> <div id=3D"ygrp-text" > =20=20=20=20=20=20 =20=20=20=20=20=20 <p>Hi,<div><br></div><div>I=92ve developed (but stopped maintaining) = the <a href=3D"http://www.enchiladacode.nl">Enchilada programming</a>&= nbsp;language which more or less covers requirements b) c) and d).</div><di= v>Enchilada is (dynamically) mono-typed and homoiconic: evaluations an= d code are also data.</div><div><br></div><div>Proving things in Enchilada = should - to some extend - be possible, because of:</div><div><br></div><div= >1) pure (rule) rewriting semantics</div><div>2) every operator is a pure a= nd total function</div><div><br></div><div>I=92m not suggesting that Enchil= ada is a perfect fit, but I do think some of Enchilada=92s rationale/design= decisions may be of interest to you.</div><div><br></div><div>Cheers,</div= ><div>Robbert.</div><div><br></div><div>On 29 Jan 2014, at 00:34, Mark Frie= denbach <<a href=3D"mailto:[email protected]">[email protected]</a>> wr= ote:<br><br><blockquote type=3D"cite">-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----<br= >Hash: SHA1<br><br>Hi,<br><br>My name is Mark Friedenbach and I am a bitcoi= n-core developer [1]. You<br>probably know Bitcoin as a peer-to-peer protoc= ol for the digital<br>money. What you may not know is that Bitcoin uses a s= imple,<br>Forth-derived but crippled concatenative language for encoding sm= art<br>contracts representing the terms and conditions for transferring<br>= ownership of digital goods.<br><br>I'm part of a small volunteer team that = is looking at ways we can<br>extend the Bitcoin protocol so as to be able t= o perform a broader<br>range of financial services. For example, a more exp= ressive scripting<br>language could enable attaching conditionals / "covena= nts" to assets<br>which stay with them even as they transfer owners, e.g. a= restricted<br>buy-back option for an IOU certificate, which lets the debto= r pay off<br>the loan without requiring permission of the owner of the debt= or<br>impacting his/her rights in any other way. This is not currently<br>= possible in Bitcoin.<br><br>We would like to prototype a replacement contra= ct scripting language<br>for Bitcoin derived from Joy, or any one of the ot= her purely<br>functional concatenative languages I see discussed in this li= st's<br>archives. This is a chance to help secure and extend the capabiliti= es<br>of a $10 billion economy, and to make an expressive concatenative<br>= language which will be used by the financial industry for decades to come.<= br><br>There are also some interesting requirements that we must place on<b= r>such a language:<br><br>a. The language must be strongly typed with a dec= idable type system<br>capable of constructing proofs of nontrivial properti= es. Examples<br>beyond ordinary type safety verification might include: pro= ving that<br>the scripts requirements can be met solely with knowledge of a= set of<br>signature-generating private keys, or proving the opposite (that= a<br>script is unspendable); proving that a script has a constraint<br>att= ached (e.g. cannot be spent before block height N, or simple<br>restricted = buy-back capability) which can then be pattern matched<br>against a whiteli= st of acceptable constraints.<br><br>b. The script must be simple, as thous= ands of nodes world-wide running<br>multiple implementations will need to r= each global consensus over not<br>just the outcome of a script, but also so= me aspects of the execution<br>(e.g. an instruction counter). Consensus fai= lures whether due to bugs<br>or faulty designs can lead to unsecured paymen= t networks and possible<br>losses in the millions of dollars or more. Inter= preter escape would be<br>absolutely catastrophic. So simple, minimal, but = expressive<br>architectures with simple fail-safe implementations are to be= <br>preferred over complex but user-friendly (RISC is better than CISC).<br= ><br>c. The language must support the various cryptographic primitives<br>n= ecessary for performing core bitcoin functions. Mostly this just<br>means a= dding a handful of builtin words for performing strong<br>cryptographic has= hes and elliptic curve signature verification, but<br>there are some requir= ements on the language design as well, chiefly in<br>making decisions about= how the stack is represented for hash<br>operations and in supporting auth= enticated data structures as<br>primitive types for external state.<br><br>= d. Merkle structured compiled form [2]. A script containing quoted<br>forms= may be considered a hierarchical structure, and Merkle<br>compression allo= ws us to reduce such a script to a single root hash<br>value (to be placed = in the output of a bitcoin transaction) or to<br>"prune" execution pathways= which are not taken when the script is<br>instantiated at spend time, eith= er to compress a large script or to<br>provide privacy over the data in bra= nches not taken.<br><br>The requirements (a) and (b) are probably the most = interesting for<br>this list. I must admit that type theory is outside of m= y area of<br>expertise. I know only enough to know that we need it, but not= enough<br>to design such a system myself. I imagine that it must also be a= n<br>interesting challenge to design a minimalistic language that is<br>tri= vial to implement, but still capable of generating expressive,<br>compact, = readable programs.<br><br>If anyone here is interested in collaborating wit= h us, or even just<br>sharing their experience in comments, we'd appreciate= it very much!<br><br>Happy hacking,<br>Mark Friedenbach<br><br>[1]: Bitcoi= n is a peer-to-peer currency and payment protocol:<br><a href=3D"http://bit= coin.org/">http://bitcoin.org/</a><br><br>[2]: By analogy to the Merkle has= h-tree:<br>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merkle_tree<br>-----BEGIN PGP SIGNA= TURE-----<br>Version: GnuPG v1.4.14 (GNU/Linux)<br>Comment: GPGTools - = ;http://gpgtools.org<br>Comment: Using GnuPG with Thunderbird - http:/= /www.enigmail.net/<br><br>iQIcBAEBAgAGBQJS6D5pAAoJEAdzVfsmodw4OD4QAK3PrzboP= 91SfIsvUbPfTHaS<br>r14eNHNlAQjS0Hdc7vwDEsMsZVB2G4+O+7dpxY1T/YTCM236= wPD9q4c85WL35QFJ<br>CGXdhNeUUYwfPsS9NUC8wyFgm0fC/y6I8dhmZ2OzfUR4SDJF785UZE7= FAlFg6zYK<br>lNKX4jN4Q6XKte/hmvCruDhZ8h3DkwUBkVrc2YqEYtaRRm6VUEXA/tA0tiIXNq= fC<br>FznADvGMxwgH4QamGErfA1cslqbRUtbjneXTpnC9tNmDLZSpQ2HfuYqyGVNupfLU<br>4= dXPNXY/T63HVABhTy+ERSPy19gh6O9WS0XlwwPPoYUuAFN/H285LeOTJC0AgmaL<br>0VKP= 0iKkBmyMw+AysVZxS6hHK/yl14+Rmq6SZb322qv/hf3paPEgUZGKufcH1IvF<br>0LF= IZHK+cWaJIigUzuco8jHao0CPaCiV0rDJkK8ZFFY4Ox5Q+PbiQ0tiDFWzMIiL<br>Rn= i34wzQKpp7kowcTTbrPNrKeIyxkKG2krQufh4qtRmOOxjOHgdHWsEuThmrAfGc<br>hZWwd3SLC= V0Abu2WOKoZpikYTgQOgOHEDiRYTRHPz/RH9rql15EFRdSFf1zFIiN4<br>btFKKQQjzgP9KHgM= zRl6tJ76PR2HE1xq0BVZdxnQDlWgZnlnvsHMDG5Z2X4v4ZUB<br>vGJV4ww+Rz9SVQszIHp= r<br>=3D5kz9<br>-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----<br><br><br></blockquote><br></d= iv></p> </div> =20=20=20=20=20 <!--~-|**|PrettyHtmlStart|**|-~--> <div style=3D"color: #fff; 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font-family: Arial, helvetica,clean, sans-serif; *font-size: small; *font: x-small; } #ygrp-mlmsg table { font-size: inherit; font: 100%; } #ygrp-mlmsg select, input, textarea { font: 99% Arial, Helvetica, clean, sans-serif; } #ygrp-mlmsg pre, code { font:115% monospace; *font-size:100%; } #ygrp-mlmsg * { line-height: 1.22em; } #ygrp-mlmsg #logo { padding-bottom: 10px; } #ygrp-msg p a { font-family: Verdana; } #ygrp-msg p#attach-count span { color: #1E66AE; font-weight: 700; } #ygrp-reco #reco-head { color: #ff7900; font-weight: 700; } #ygrp-reco { margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; } #ygrp-sponsor #ov li a { font-size: 130%; text-decoration: none; } #ygrp-sponsor #ov li { font-size: 77%; list-style-type: square; padding: 6px 0; }=20 #ygrp-sponsor #ov ul { margin: 0; padding: 0 0 0 8px; } #ygrp-text { font-family: Georgia; } #ygrp-text p { margin: 0 0 1em 0; } #ygrp-text tt { font-size: 120%; } #ygrp-vital ul li:last-child { border-right: none !important;=20 }=20 --> </style> </head> <!--~-|**|PrettyHtmlEnd|**|-~--> </html> <!-- end group email --> --Apple-Mail=_A242B5A7-61EC-4D22-B19F-CA8ED96A8101--