Re: Rosetta code added in OCaml, please check

"Gabriel Scherer [email protected] [ocaml_beginners]" <[email protected]> Tue, 27 Dec 2016 13:30:37 -0500
Newsgroups gmane.comp.lang.ocaml.beginners
Message-ID <CAPFanBGxY9Dr4O6S1LBN3qpJP7tAaco817r6P0Ax6e=A3xe7Zw@mail.gmail.com>
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Looking back at the code again, there is one minor detail that you may be
interested in: it is good in OCaml to be suspicious of string
concatenation. (The reason why is performance: (s1 ^ s2) allocates a new
string as long as s1 and s2 combined, and copies them, which is often
unnecessary. If you do this in a loop with a string grower bigger and
bigger it can even result in unplanned quadratic behaviors, but this is not
the case here.)

This code is clearly not optimized for efficiency, so a moderate use of
string concatenation is just fine: there is nothing wrong with the code
as-is. On the other hand, it does make sense to wonder how to express the
same thing without: if it is possible at no cost to readability, it is an
interesting option.

In the ordinal example, I think that there is a nice option without
concatenation, which is to have a call in the loop of the following form:

  Printf.printf "%d%s " n (ordinal_suffix n);

(A cascade of (print_int; print_string; print_char ' ') would be *slightly*
more efficient but I think also less pleasant to read.)

This works well here because we print. You may encounter other contexts
where you want to return a string. Then:
- one possible alternative to repeated string concatenations is to
accumulate all the sub-strings in a list, and call (String.concat : (*
separator *) string -> string list -> string) only once at the end. This is
efficient.
- another is the use of Buffer module for (efficient) string accumulation
into an extensible buffer. (Printf.bprintf buf) allows to use printf-style
commands to add elements to a buffer.
  http://caml.inria.fr/pub/docs/manual-ocaml/libref/Buffer.html

On Tue, Dec 27, 2016 at 1:19 PM, Manfred Lotz [email protected]
[ocaml_beginners] <[email protected]> wrote:

> Hi Gabriel,
> First, thanks a lot for looking into this.
>
> On Tue, 27 Dec 2016 11:00:23 -0500
> "Gabriel Scherer [email protected] [ocaml_beginners]"
> <[email protected]> wrote:
>
> > Hi Manfred,
> >
> > Thanks for the interesting question. Having your code reviewed is an
> > excellent way to make progress.
> >
> > For history variables, your code is fine, but you should consider
> > using the Stack module instead of re-implementing yourself using
> > mutable lists.
>
> You are right. I changed the implementation using the Stack module.
>
>
> > (Independently, when you have a record with a single
> > mutable field, you could consider using the standard "ref" type
> > instead; but sometimes having your own record type actually helps
> > readability.)
> >
>
> I chose a record because if something gets added (time stamp or so)
> then it is just about adding a field.
>
>
> > For the enumeration of ordinal numbers, there are two things that I
> > am not fond of in your code:
> >
> > 1. I think that "when" is a dangerous construction to use and its use
> > should be de-emphasized, because it encourages code that relies on
> > ordering in non-trivial way, diminishing a lot of the value of
> > pattern-matching. The fact that, apart from the "when" clause, you
> > are not using expressive patterns in any way is the sign of a code
> > smell in my book. When I teach beginners, I ask them to only
> > pattern-match on algebraic datatypes. I would encourage you to
> > rewrite this part with an explicit "if ... else if ..." cascade.
> >
>
> This is a very interesting comment. I wasn't aware of this. Thinking
> about it (I will look into this more closely) it makes sense. So, I
> chose your suggestion of a cascaded "if...else if...".
>
> > You could also decide to factorize the three cases with a function
> >
> >   let non_th n =
> >     let d = n mod 10 in
> >     d >= 1 && d <= 3 && n mod 100 <> (10 + d) in
> >
> > 2. The creation of the array in "f" seems unnecessary to me. Using a
> > "for" loop would result in simpler code, whose structure would be
> > more directly apparent to readers.
> >
>
> You are right, of course. I changed it accordingly. I also changed the
> name of 'f' to 'show_numbers' which is surely a better name than
> just 'f'.
>
> > (If you like functional pipelines with higher-order iterator, you may
> > be pleased by the following reformulation of your code, that I think
> > is still not as good as a for loop:
> >
> >   Array.init ...
> >   |> Array.iter ...
> >   |> print_newline
> > )
> >
>
> I like it very much in some situations. But your suggestion of using
> for loop is preferable without question.
>
> > In languages with powerful features, I think it is good to keep a
> > principle of local simplicity: use the simplest feature that lets you
> > express the problem without undue redundancy. (This rule of thumb is
> > in tension with the other rules that the parts of a given block of
> > code should be at roughly the same abstraction level: if you need to
> > do X, Y, Z in sequence, and only Y can be expressed simply with a
> > for-loop, it's better to keep a homogeneous style.)
> >
> > Cheers
> >
>
> Thanks again for looking so closely into my code. If I happen to meet
> you face-to-face I owe you a wine, beer or whatever you like best. :-)
>
>
> --
> Best, Manfred
>
> > On Tue, Dec 27, 2016 at 10:40 AM, Manfred Lotz [email protected]
> > [ocaml_beginners] <[email protected]> wrote:
> >
> > > Hi there,
> > > I have added OCaml solutions for two simple tasks at Rosettacode.
> > >
> > > As a mere beginner in OCaml I don't want to add bad quality stuff at
> > > Rosettacode, and thus (worst case) in the end make people believe
> > > OCaml were a bad language.
> > >
> > > Therefore, I would be happy if some of the more knowledgeable people
> > > around here could check if the code I added is OK.
> > >
> > > http://rosettacode.org/wiki/History_variables#OCaml
> > > http://rosettacode.org/wiki/N%27th#OCaml
> > >
> > >
> > > Thanks a lot.
> > >
> > > Manfred
> > >
> > >
> > > ------------------------------------
> > > Posted by: Manfred Lotz <[email protected]>
> > > ------------------------------------
> > >
> > > Archives up to December 31, 2011 are also downloadable at
> > > http://www.connettivo.net/cntprojects/ocaml_beginners
> > > The archives of the very official ocaml list (the seniors' one) can
> > > be found at http://caml.inria.fr
> > > Attachments are banned and you're asked to be polite, avoid flames
> > > etc. ------------------------------------
> > >
> > > Yahoo Groups Links
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > >
>
>
>
> ------------------------------------
> Posted by: Manfred Lotz <[email protected]>
> ------------------------------------
>
> Archives up to December 31, 2011 are also downloadable at
> http://www.connettivo.net/cntprojects/ocaml_beginners
> The archives of the very official ocaml list (the seniors' one) can be
> found at http://caml.inria.fr
> Attachments are banned and you're asked to be polite, avoid flames etc.
> ------------------------------------
>
> Yahoo Groups Links
>
>
>
>

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      <p><div dir=3D"ltr"><div><div><div><div><div><div>Looking back at the=
 code again, there is one minor detail that you may be interested in: it is=
 good in OCaml to be suspicious of string concatenation. (The reason why is=
 performance: (s1 ^ s2) allocates a new string as long as s1 and s2 combine=
d, and copies them, which is often unnecessary. If you do this in a loop wi=
th a string grower bigger and bigger it can even result in unplanned quadra=
tic behaviors, but this is not the case here.)<br><br></div>This code is cl=
early not optimized for efficiency, so a moderate use of string concatenati=
on is just fine: there is nothing wrong with the code as-is. On the other h=
and, it does make sense to wonder how to express the same thing without: if=
 it is possible at no cost to readability, it is an interesting option.<br>=
<br></div>In the ordinal example, I think that there is a nice option witho=
ut concatenation, which is to have a call in the loop of the following form=
:<br><br></div>=C2=A0 Printf.printf &quot;%d%s &quot; n (ordinal_suffix n);=
<br><br></div>(A cascade of (print_int; print_string; print_char &#39; &#39=
;) would be *slightly* more efficient but I think also less pleasant to rea=
d.)<br><br></div>This works well here because we print. You may encounter o=
ther contexts where you want to return a string. Then:<br>- one possible al=
ternative to repeated string concatenations is to accumulate all the sub-st=
rings in a list, and call (String.concat : (* separator *) string -&gt; str=
ing list -&gt; string) only once at the end. This is efficient.<br></div>- =
another is the use of Buffer module for (efficient) string accumulation int=
o an extensible buffer. (Printf.bprintf buf) allows to use printf-style com=
mands to add elements to a buffer.<br>=C2=A0 <a href=3D"http://caml.inria.f=
r/pub/docs/manual-ocaml/libref/Buffer.html">http://caml.inria.fr/pub/docs/m=
anual-ocaml/libref/Buffer.html</a><br></div><div class=3D"gmail_extra"><br>=
<div class=3D"gmail_quote">On Tue, Dec 27, 2016 at 1:19 PM, Manfred Lotz <a=
 href=3D"mailto:[email protected]">[email protected]</a> [ocaml_beg=
inners] <span dir=3D"ltr">&lt;<a href=3D"mailto:ocaml_beginners@yahoogroups=
.com" target=3D"_blank">[email protected]</a>&gt;</span> wrot=
e:<br><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"border-left:1px #ccc solid=
;">Hi Gabriel,<br>
First, thanks a lot for looking into this.<br>
<br>
On Tue, 27 Dec 2016 11:00:23 -0500<br>
&quot;Gabriel Scherer <a href=3D"mailto:[email protected]">gabriel.=
[email protected]</a> [ocaml_beginners]&quot;<br>
<span class>&lt;<a href=3D"mailto:[email protected]">ocaml_be=
ginners@yahoogroups.<wbr>com</a>&gt; wrote:<br>
<br>
&gt; Hi Manfred,<br>
&gt;<br>
&gt; Thanks for the interesting question. Having your code reviewed is an<b=
r>
&gt; excellent way to make progress.<br>
&gt;<br>
&gt; For history variables, your code is fine, but you should consider<br>
&gt; using the Stack module instead of re-implementing yourself using<br>
&gt; mutable lists.<br>
<br>
</span>You are right. I changed the implementation using the Stack module.<=
br>
<span class><br>
<br>
&gt; (Independently, when you have a record with a single<br>
&gt; mutable field, you could consider using the standard &quot;ref&quot; t=
ype<br>
&gt; instead; but sometimes having your own record type actually helps<br>
&gt; readability.)<br>
&gt;<br>
<br>
</span>I chose a record because if something gets added (time stamp or so)<=
br>
then it is just about adding a field.<br>
<span class><br>
<br>
&gt; For the enumeration of ordinal numbers, there are two things that I<br=
>
&gt; am not fond of in your code:<br>
&gt;<br>
&gt; 1. I think that &quot;when&quot; is a dangerous construction to use an=
d its use<br>
&gt; should be de-emphasized, because it encourages code that relies on<br>
&gt; ordering in non-trivial way, diminishing a lot of the value of<br>
&gt; pattern-matching. The fact that, apart from the &quot;when&quot; claus=
e, you<br>
&gt; are not using expressive patterns in any way is the sign of a code<br>
&gt; smell in my book. When I teach beginners, I ask them to only<br>
&gt; pattern-match on algebraic datatypes. I would encourage you to<br>
&gt; rewrite this part with an explicit &quot;if ... else if ...&quot; casc=
ade.<br>
&gt;<br>
<br>
</span>This is a very interesting comment. I wasn&#39;t aware of this. Thin=
king<br>
about it (I will look into this more closely) it makes sense. So, I<br>
chose your suggestion of a cascaded &quot;if...else if...&quot;.<br>
<span class><br>
&gt; You could also decide to factorize the three cases with a function<br>
&gt;<br>
&gt;=C2=A0 =C2=A0let non_th n =3D<br>
&gt;=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0let d =3D n mod 10 in<br>
&gt;=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0d &gt;=3D 1 &amp;&amp; d &lt;=3D 3 &amp;&amp; n mod=
 100 &lt;&gt; (10 + d) in<br>
&gt;<br>
&gt; 2. The creation of the array in &quot;f&quot; seems unnecessary to me.=
 Using a<br>
&gt; &quot;for&quot; loop would result in simpler code, whose structure wou=
ld be<br>
&gt; more directly apparent to readers.<br>
&gt;<br>
<br>
</span>You are right, of course. I changed it accordingly. I also changed t=
he<br>
name of &#39;f&#39; to &#39;show_numbers&#39; which is surely a better name=
 than<br>
just &#39;f&#39;.<br>
<span class><br>
&gt; (If you like functional pipelines with higher-order iterator, you may<=
br>
&gt; be pleased by the following reformulation of your code, that I think<b=
r>
&gt; is still not as good as a for loop:<br>
&gt;<br>
&gt;=C2=A0 =C2=A0Array.init ...<br>
&gt;=C2=A0 =C2=A0|&gt; Array.iter ...<br>
&gt;=C2=A0 =C2=A0|&gt; print_newline<br>
&gt; )<br>
&gt;<br>
<br>
</span>I like it very much in some situations. But your suggestion of using=
<br>
for loop is preferable without question.<br>
<span class><br>
&gt; In languages with powerful features, I think it is good to keep a<br>
&gt; principle of local simplicity: use the simplest feature that lets you<=
br>
&gt; express the problem without undue redundancy. (This rule of thumb is<b=
r>
&gt; in tension with the other rules that the parts of a given block of<br>
&gt; code should be at roughly the same abstraction level: if you need to<b=
r>
&gt; do X, Y, Z in sequence, and only Y can be expressed simply with a<br>
&gt; for-loop, it&#39;s better to keep a homogeneous style.)<br>
&gt;<br>
&gt; Cheers<br>
&gt;<br>
<br>
</span>Thanks again for looking so closely into my code. If I happen to mee=
t<br>
you face-to-face I owe you a wine, beer or whatever you like best. :-)<br>
<span class=3D"HOEnZb"><font color=3D"#888888"><br>
<br>
--<br>
Best, Manfred<br>
</font></span><div class=3D"HOEnZb"><div class=3D"h5"><br>
&gt; On Tue, Dec 27, 2016 at 10:40 AM, Manfred Lotz <a href=3D"mailto:manfr=
[email protected]">[email protected]</a><br>
&gt; [ocaml_beginners] &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:[email protected]=
m">ocaml_beginners@yahoogroups.<wbr>com</a>&gt; wrote:<br>
&gt;<br>
&gt; &gt; Hi there,<br>
&gt; &gt; I have added OCaml solutions for two simple tasks at Rosettacode.=
<br>
&gt; &gt;<br>
&gt; &gt; As a mere beginner in OCaml I don&#39;t want to add bad quality s=
tuff at<br>
&gt; &gt; Rosettacode, and thus (worst case) in the end make people believe=
<br>
&gt; &gt; OCaml were a bad language.<br>
&gt; &gt;<br>
&gt; &gt; Therefore, I would be happy if some of the more knowledgeable peo=
ple<br>
&gt; &gt; around here could check if the code I added is OK.<br>
&gt; &gt;<br>
&gt; &gt; <a href=3D"http://rosettacode.org/wiki/History_variables#OCaml" r=
el=3D"noreferrer" target=3D"_blank">http://rosettacode.org/wiki/<wbr>Histor=
y_variables#OCaml</a><br>
&gt; &gt; <a href=3D"http://rosettacode.org/wiki/N%27th#OCaml" rel=3D"noref=
errer" target=3D"_blank">http://rosettacode.org/wiki/N%<wbr>27th#OCaml</a><=
br>
&gt; &gt;<br>
&gt; &gt;<br>
&gt; &gt; Thanks a lot.<br>
&gt; &gt;<br>
&gt; &gt; Manfred<br>
&gt; &gt;<br>
&gt; &gt;<br>
&gt; &gt; ------------------------------<wbr>------<br>
&gt; &gt; Posted by: Manfred Lotz &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:manfred.lotz@yahoo.=
de">[email protected]</a>&gt;<br>
&gt; &gt; ------------------------------<wbr>------<br>
&gt; &gt;<br>
&gt; &gt; Archives up to December 31, 2011 are also downloadable at<br>
&gt; &gt; <a href=3D"http://www.connettivo.net/cntprojects/ocaml_beginners"=
 rel=3D"noreferrer" target=3D"_blank">http://www.connettivo.net/<wbr>cntpro=
jects/ocaml_beginners</a><br>
&gt; &gt; The archives of the very official ocaml list (the seniors&#39; on=
e) can<br>
&gt; &gt; be found at <a href=3D"http://caml.inria.fr" rel=3D"noreferrer" t=
arget=3D"_blank">http://caml.inria.fr</a><br>
&gt; &gt; Attachments are banned and you&#39;re asked to be polite, avoid f=
lames<br>
&gt; &gt; etc. ------------------------------<wbr>------<br>
&gt; &gt;<br>
&gt; &gt; Yahoo Groups Links<br>
&gt; &gt;<br>
&gt; &gt;<br>
&gt; &gt;<br>
&gt; &gt;<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
------------------------------<wbr>------<br>
Posted by: Manfred Lotz &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:[email protected]">manfre=
[email protected]</a>&gt;<br>
------------------------------<wbr>------<br>
<br>
Archives up to December 31, 2011 are also downloadable at <a href=3D"http:/=
/www.connettivo.net/cntprojects/ocaml_beginners" rel=3D"noreferrer" target=
=3D"_blank">http://www.connettivo.net/<wbr>cntprojects/ocaml_beginners</a><=
br>
The archives of the very official ocaml list (the seniors&#39; one) can be =
found at <a href=3D"http://caml.inria.fr" rel=3D"noreferrer" target=3D"_bla=
nk">http://caml.inria.fr</a><br>
Attachments are banned and you&#39;re asked to be polite, avoid flames etc.=
<br>
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