Re: Rosetta code added in OCaml, please check
"Gabriel Scherer [email protected] [ocaml_beginners]" <[email protected]> Tue, 27 Dec 2016 13:30:37 -0500
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--001a11378bb4d871760544a80ef3 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Looking back at the code again, there is one minor detail that you may be interested in: it is good in OCaml to be suspicious of string concatenation. (The reason why is performance: (s1 ^ s2) allocates a new string as long as s1 and s2 combined, and copies them, which is often unnecessary. If you do this in a loop with a string grower bigger and bigger it can even result in unplanned quadratic behaviors, but this is not the case here.) This code is clearly not optimized for efficiency, so a moderate use of string concatenation is just fine: there is nothing wrong with the code as-is. On the other hand, it does make sense to wonder how to express the same thing without: if it is possible at no cost to readability, it is an interesting option. In the ordinal example, I think that there is a nice option without concatenation, which is to have a call in the loop of the following form: Printf.printf "%d%s " n (ordinal_suffix n); (A cascade of (print_int; print_string; print_char ' ') would be *slightly* more efficient but I think also less pleasant to read.) This works well here because we print. You may encounter other contexts where you want to return a string. Then: - one possible alternative to repeated string concatenations is to accumulate all the sub-strings in a list, and call (String.concat : (* separator *) string -> string list -> string) only once at the end. This is efficient. - another is the use of Buffer module for (efficient) string accumulation into an extensible buffer. (Printf.bprintf buf) allows to use printf-style commands to add elements to a buffer. http://caml.inria.fr/pub/docs/manual-ocaml/libref/Buffer.html On Tue, Dec 27, 2016 at 1:19 PM, Manfred Lotz [email protected] [ocaml_beginners] <[email protected]> wrote: > Hi Gabriel, > First, thanks a lot for looking into this. > > On Tue, 27 Dec 2016 11:00:23 -0500 > "Gabriel Scherer [email protected] [ocaml_beginners]" > <[email protected]> wrote: > > > Hi Manfred, > > > > Thanks for the interesting question. Having your code reviewed is an > > excellent way to make progress. > > > > For history variables, your code is fine, but you should consider > > using the Stack module instead of re-implementing yourself using > > mutable lists. > > You are right. I changed the implementation using the Stack module. > > > > (Independently, when you have a record with a single > > mutable field, you could consider using the standard "ref" type > > instead; but sometimes having your own record type actually helps > > readability.) > > > > I chose a record because if something gets added (time stamp or so) > then it is just about adding a field. > > > > For the enumeration of ordinal numbers, there are two things that I > > am not fond of in your code: > > > > 1. I think that "when" is a dangerous construction to use and its use > > should be de-emphasized, because it encourages code that relies on > > ordering in non-trivial way, diminishing a lot of the value of > > pattern-matching. The fact that, apart from the "when" clause, you > > are not using expressive patterns in any way is the sign of a code > > smell in my book. When I teach beginners, I ask them to only > > pattern-match on algebraic datatypes. I would encourage you to > > rewrite this part with an explicit "if ... else if ..." cascade. > > > > This is a very interesting comment. I wasn't aware of this. Thinking > about it (I will look into this more closely) it makes sense. So, I > chose your suggestion of a cascaded "if...else if...". > > > You could also decide to factorize the three cases with a function > > > > let non_th n = > > let d = n mod 10 in > > d >= 1 && d <= 3 && n mod 100 <> (10 + d) in > > > > 2. The creation of the array in "f" seems unnecessary to me. Using a > > "for" loop would result in simpler code, whose structure would be > > more directly apparent to readers. > > > > You are right, of course. I changed it accordingly. I also changed the > name of 'f' to 'show_numbers' which is surely a better name than > just 'f'. > > > (If you like functional pipelines with higher-order iterator, you may > > be pleased by the following reformulation of your code, that I think > > is still not as good as a for loop: > > > > Array.init ... > > |> Array.iter ... > > |> print_newline > > ) > > > > I like it very much in some situations. But your suggestion of using > for loop is preferable without question. > > > In languages with powerful features, I think it is good to keep a > > principle of local simplicity: use the simplest feature that lets you > > express the problem without undue redundancy. (This rule of thumb is > > in tension with the other rules that the parts of a given block of > > code should be at roughly the same abstraction level: if you need to > > do X, Y, Z in sequence, and only Y can be expressed simply with a > > for-loop, it's better to keep a homogeneous style.) > > > > Cheers > > > > Thanks again for looking so closely into my code. If I happen to meet > you face-to-face I owe you a wine, beer or whatever you like best. :-) > > > -- > Best, Manfred > > > On Tue, Dec 27, 2016 at 10:40 AM, Manfred Lotz [email protected] > > [ocaml_beginners] <[email protected]> wrote: > > > > > Hi there, > > > I have added OCaml solutions for two simple tasks at Rosettacode. > > > > > > As a mere beginner in OCaml I don't want to add bad quality stuff at > > > Rosettacode, and thus (worst case) in the end make people believe > > > OCaml were a bad language. > > > > > > Therefore, I would be happy if some of the more knowledgeable people > > > around here could check if the code I added is OK. > > > > > > http://rosettacode.org/wiki/History_variables#OCaml > > > http://rosettacode.org/wiki/N%27th#OCaml > > > > > > > > > Thanks a lot. > > > > > > Manfred > > > > > > > > > ------------------------------------ > > > Posted by: Manfred Lotz <[email protected]> > > > ------------------------------------ > > > > > > Archives up to December 31, 2011 are also downloadable at > > > http://www.connettivo.net/cntprojects/ocaml_beginners > > > The archives of the very official ocaml list (the seniors' one) can > > > be found at http://caml.inria.fr > > > Attachments are banned and you're asked to be polite, avoid flames > > > etc. ------------------------------------ > > > > > > Yahoo Groups Links > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > ------------------------------------ > Posted by: Manfred Lotz <[email protected]> > ------------------------------------ > > Archives up to December 31, 2011 are also downloadable at > http://www.connettivo.net/cntprojects/ocaml_beginners > The archives of the very official ocaml list (the seniors' one) can be > found at http://caml.inria.fr > Attachments are banned and you're asked to be polite, avoid flames etc. > ------------------------------------ > > Yahoo Groups Links > > > > --001a11378bb4d871760544a80ef3 Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/htm= l4/strict.dtd"> <html> <head> </head> =20 <body style=3D"background-color: #fff;"> <span style=3D"display:none"> </span> <!--~-|**|PrettyHtmlStartT|**|-~--> <div id=3D"ygrp-mlmsg" style=3D"position:relative;"> <div id=3D"ygrp-msg" style=3D"z-index: 1;"> <!--~-|**|PrettyHtmlEndT|**|-~--> <div id=3D"ygrp-text" > =20=20=20=20=20=20 =20=20=20=20=20=20 <p><div dir=3D"ltr"><div><div><div><div><div><div>Looking back at the= code again, there is one minor detail that you may be interested in: it is= good in OCaml to be suspicious of string concatenation. (The reason why is= performance: (s1 ^ s2) allocates a new string as long as s1 and s2 combine= d, and copies them, which is often unnecessary. If you do this in a loop wi= th a string grower bigger and bigger it can even result in unplanned quadra= tic behaviors, but this is not the case here.)<br><br></div>This code is cl= early not optimized for efficiency, so a moderate use of string concatenati= on is just fine: there is nothing wrong with the code as-is. On the other h= and, it does make sense to wonder how to express the same thing without: if= it is possible at no cost to readability, it is an interesting option.<br>= <br></div>In the ordinal example, I think that there is a nice option witho= ut concatenation, which is to have a call in the loop of the following form= :<br><br></div>=C2=A0 Printf.printf "%d%s " n (ordinal_suffix n);= <br><br></div>(A cascade of (print_int; print_string; print_char ' '= ;) would be *slightly* more efficient but I think also less pleasant to rea= d.)<br><br></div>This works well here because we print. You may encounter o= ther contexts where you want to return a string. Then:<br>- one possible al= ternative to repeated string concatenations is to accumulate all the sub-st= rings in a list, and call (String.concat : (* separator *) string -> str= ing list -> string) only once at the end. This is efficient.<br></div>- = another is the use of Buffer module for (efficient) string accumulation int= o an extensible buffer. (Printf.bprintf buf) allows to use printf-style com= mands to add elements to a buffer.<br>=C2=A0 <a href=3D"http://caml.inria.f= r/pub/docs/manual-ocaml/libref/Buffer.html">http://caml.inria.fr/pub/docs/m= anual-ocaml/libref/Buffer.html</a><br></div><div class=3D"gmail_extra"><br>= <div class=3D"gmail_quote">On Tue, Dec 27, 2016 at 1:19 PM, Manfred Lotz <a= href=3D"mailto:[email protected]">[email protected]</a> [ocaml_beg= inners] <span dir=3D"ltr"><<a href=3D"mailto:ocaml_beginners@yahoogroups= .com" target=3D"_blank">[email protected]</a>></span> wrot= e:<br><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"border-left:1px #ccc solid= ;">Hi Gabriel,<br> First, thanks a lot for looking into this.<br> <br> On Tue, 27 Dec 2016 11:00:23 -0500<br> "Gabriel Scherer <a href=3D"mailto:[email protected]">gabriel.= [email protected]</a> [ocaml_beginners]"<br> <span class><<a href=3D"mailto:[email protected]">ocaml_be= ginners@yahoogroups.<wbr>com</a>> wrote:<br> <br> > Hi Manfred,<br> ><br> > Thanks for the interesting question. Having your code reviewed is an<b= r> > excellent way to make progress.<br> ><br> > For history variables, your code is fine, but you should consider<br> > using the Stack module instead of re-implementing yourself using<br> > mutable lists.<br> <br> </span>You are right. I changed the implementation using the Stack module.<= br> <span class><br> <br> > (Independently, when you have a record with a single<br> > mutable field, you could consider using the standard "ref" t= ype<br> > instead; but sometimes having your own record type actually helps<br> > readability.)<br> ><br> <br> </span>I chose a record because if something gets added (time stamp or so)<= br> then it is just about adding a field.<br> <span class><br> <br> > For the enumeration of ordinal numbers, there are two things that I<br= > > am not fond of in your code:<br> ><br> > 1. I think that "when" is a dangerous construction to use an= d its use<br> > should be de-emphasized, because it encourages code that relies on<br> > ordering in non-trivial way, diminishing a lot of the value of<br> > pattern-matching. The fact that, apart from the "when" claus= e, you<br> > are not using expressive patterns in any way is the sign of a code<br> > smell in my book. When I teach beginners, I ask them to only<br> > pattern-match on algebraic datatypes. I would encourage you to<br> > rewrite this part with an explicit "if ... else if ..." casc= ade.<br> ><br> <br> </span>This is a very interesting comment. I wasn't aware of this. Thin= king<br> about it (I will look into this more closely) it makes sense. So, I<br> chose your suggestion of a cascaded "if...else if...".<br> <span class><br> > You could also decide to factorize the three cases with a function<br> ><br> >=C2=A0 =C2=A0let non_th n =3D<br> >=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0let d =3D n mod 10 in<br> >=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0d >=3D 1 && d <=3D 3 && n mod= 100 <> (10 + d) in<br> ><br> > 2. The creation of the array in "f" seems unnecessary to me.= Using a<br> > "for" loop would result in simpler code, whose structure wou= ld be<br> > more directly apparent to readers.<br> ><br> <br> </span>You are right, of course. I changed it accordingly. I also changed t= he<br> name of 'f' to 'show_numbers' which is surely a better name= than<br> just 'f'.<br> <span class><br> > (If you like functional pipelines with higher-order iterator, you may<= br> > be pleased by the following reformulation of your code, that I think<b= r> > is still not as good as a for loop:<br> ><br> >=C2=A0 =C2=A0Array.init ...<br> >=C2=A0 =C2=A0|> Array.iter ...<br> >=C2=A0 =C2=A0|> print_newline<br> > )<br> ><br> <br> </span>I like it very much in some situations. But your suggestion of using= <br> for loop is preferable without question.<br> <span class><br> > In languages with powerful features, I think it is good to keep a<br> > principle of local simplicity: use the simplest feature that lets you<= br> > express the problem without undue redundancy. (This rule of thumb is<b= r> > in tension with the other rules that the parts of a given block of<br> > code should be at roughly the same abstraction level: if you need to<b= r> > do X, Y, Z in sequence, and only Y can be expressed simply with a<br> > for-loop, it's better to keep a homogeneous style.)<br> ><br> > Cheers<br> ><br> <br> </span>Thanks again for looking so closely into my code. If I happen to mee= t<br> you face-to-face I owe you a wine, beer or whatever you like best. :-)<br> <span class=3D"HOEnZb"><font color=3D"#888888"><br> <br> --<br> Best, Manfred<br> </font></span><div class=3D"HOEnZb"><div class=3D"h5"><br> > On Tue, Dec 27, 2016 at 10:40 AM, Manfred Lotz <a href=3D"mailto:manfr= [email protected]">[email protected]</a><br> > [ocaml_beginners] <<a href=3D"mailto:[email protected]= m">ocaml_beginners@yahoogroups.<wbr>com</a>> wrote:<br> ><br> > > Hi there,<br> > > I have added OCaml solutions for two simple tasks at Rosettacode.= <br> > ><br> > > As a mere beginner in OCaml I don't want to add bad quality s= tuff at<br> > > Rosettacode, and thus (worst case) in the end make people believe= <br> > > OCaml were a bad language.<br> > ><br> > > Therefore, I would be happy if some of the more knowledgeable peo= ple<br> > > around here could check if the code I added is OK.<br> > ><br> > > <a href=3D"http://rosettacode.org/wiki/History_variables#OCaml" r= el=3D"noreferrer" target=3D"_blank">http://rosettacode.org/wiki/<wbr>Histor= y_variables#OCaml</a><br> > > <a href=3D"http://rosettacode.org/wiki/N%27th#OCaml" rel=3D"noref= errer" target=3D"_blank">http://rosettacode.org/wiki/N%<wbr>27th#OCaml</a><= br> > ><br> > ><br> > > Thanks a lot.<br> > ><br> > > Manfred<br> > ><br> > ><br> > > ------------------------------<wbr>------<br> > > Posted by: Manfred Lotz <<a href=3D"mailto:manfred.lotz@yahoo.= de">[email protected]</a>><br> > > ------------------------------<wbr>------<br> > ><br> > > Archives up to December 31, 2011 are also downloadable at<br> > > <a href=3D"http://www.connettivo.net/cntprojects/ocaml_beginners"= rel=3D"noreferrer" target=3D"_blank">http://www.connettivo.net/<wbr>cntpro= jects/ocaml_beginners</a><br> > > The archives of the very official ocaml list (the seniors' on= e) can<br> > > be found at <a href=3D"http://caml.inria.fr" rel=3D"noreferrer" t= arget=3D"_blank">http://caml.inria.fr</a><br> > > Attachments are banned and you're asked to be polite, avoid f= lames<br> > > etc. ------------------------------<wbr>------<br> > ><br> > > Yahoo Groups Links<br> > ><br> > ><br> > ><br> > ><br> <br> <br> <br> ------------------------------<wbr>------<br> Posted by: Manfred Lotz <<a href=3D"mailto:[email protected]">manfre= [email protected]</a>><br> ------------------------------<wbr>------<br> <br> Archives up to December 31, 2011 are also downloadable at <a href=3D"http:/= /www.connettivo.net/cntprojects/ocaml_beginners" rel=3D"noreferrer" target= =3D"_blank">http://www.connettivo.net/<wbr>cntprojects/ocaml_beginners</a><= br> The archives of the very official ocaml list (the seniors' one) can be = found at <a href=3D"http://caml.inria.fr" rel=3D"noreferrer" target=3D"_bla= nk">http://caml.inria.fr</a><br> Attachments are banned and you're asked to be polite, avoid flames etc.= <br> ------------------------------<wbr>------<br> <br> Yahoo Groups Links<br> <br> <*> To visit your group on the web, go to:<br> =C2=A0 =C2=A0 <a href=3D"http://groups.yahoo.com/group/ocaml_beginners/" re= l=3D"noreferrer" target=3D"_blank">http://groups.yahoo.com/group/<wbr>ocaml= _beginners/</a><br> <br> <*> Your email settings:<br> =C2=A0 =C2=A0 Individual Email | Traditional<br> <br> <*> To change settings online go to:<br> =C2=A0 =C2=A0 <a href=3D"http://groups.yahoo.com/group/ocaml_beginners/join= " rel=3D"noreferrer" target=3D"_blank">http://groups.yahoo.com/group/<wbr>o= caml_beginners/join</a><br> =C2=A0 =C2=A0 (Yahoo! 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