Re: Bytes module versus String module.
"Gabriel Scherer [email protected] [ocaml_beginners]" <[email protected]> Wed, 8 Feb 2017 00:42:34 +0100
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String represents (immutable) text, while Bytes represent (mutable) arrays
of bytes. Right now, we are in a transition period where the string type
played both roles, and in particular was always mutable (which is not a
very good idea): by default, during this transition period, the two types
`string` and `bytes` are compatible (you can use functions of one on the
other). If you enable the `-safe-string` flag, then the two types will be
considered incompatible; using it in your code is good practice, and it
will become the default in a future OCaml version.
Regarding your code:
- repeatedly calling String.sub is inefficient; you want to count the
number of spaces at the beginning and call String.sub just once
- there is no need to use String.make here, you can match on a character
directly ('c' instead of "c")
Your code is relatively typical of people that enjoy recursively processing
lists, and try to apply the same approach to strings. Because the "tail"
operation on strings takes linear (O(n)) instead of constant (O(1)) time,
this is not a very good idea performance-wise. Reading characters at any
position is fine, but the rest (String.sub, string concatenation (^)...)
should be used as sparsely as possible -- preferably not at each recursive
call.
On Tue, Feb 7, 2017 at 11:35 PM, Douglas Lewit [email protected]
[ocaml_beginners] <[email protected]> wrote:
>
>
> Hi everyone,
>
> I wrote the following functions.
>
>
> *(* The function removeSpacesFromString' relies on the function
> removeSpacesFromString. removeSpacesFromString' takes a string *
> * such as "How are you doing" and parses it into a list of separate
> words. In this case for example, removeSpacesFromString' *
> * will return ["How"; "are"; "you"; "doing"]. *)*
>
>
> *let rec removeSpacesFromString s w l =3D match Bytes.length s with *
> * |0 -> List.rev begin [w] :=
:
> l end*
> * |_ -> match Bytes.make 1 (
> Bytes.get s 0 ) with *
> * |" " ->
> removeSpacesFromString ( Bytes.sub s 1 ( Bytes.length s - 1 ) ) "" **([=
w]
> :: l)*
> * |_ ->
> removeSpacesFromString ( Bytes.sub s 1 ( Bytes.length s - 1 ) ) *
> * begin w ^
> ( Bytes.make 1 ( Bytes.get s 0 ) ) end l ;;*
>
>
> *let removeSpacesFromString' s =3D List.flatten begin removeSpacesFromStr=
ing
> s "" [] end ;;*
>
>
> The functions work exactly as I want them to, which is great! But just
> for the sake of experimentation I tried to substitute the "String" module
> for the "Bytes" module into the first function above. Well guess what?
> Nothing really changed! I still get the exact same results as before,
> which leads to an interesting question. How is the Bytes module differen=
t
> from the String module? I sort of get the impression from the online
> documentation that the Bytes module is the "new and improved" version of
> the String module, but if that's the case then why doesn't INRIA just
> delete the String module from OCaml's Standard Library? Are the two
> libraries pretty much the same? How is the Bytes library better than the
> String library? What would happen if INRIA just decided to remove the
> String library from the next major version of OCaml?
>
> One quick question here before I send my email. How much does OCaml
> depend on C? I know that Python and Ruby are essentially very large "C
> applications" in the sense that the interpreters for those languages are
> coded in the C language. ( Or at least that's what I have read online. )
> What about OCaml. How is OCaml's compiler implemented? Is the OCaml
> compiler written in C? Or written in something else?
>
> I appreciate your feedback and thanks!
>
> Best,
>
> Douglas Lewit
>
>
>
>=20
>
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<p><div dir=3D"ltr"><div><div><div><div>String represents (immutable)=
text, while Bytes represent (mutable) arrays of bytes. Right now, we are i=
n a transition period where the string type played both roles, and in parti=
cular was always mutable (which is not a very good idea): by default, duri=
ng this transition period, the two types `string` and `bytes` are compatibl=
e (you can use functions of one on the other). If you enable the `-safe-str=
ing` flag, then the two types will be considered incompatible; using it in =
your code is good practice, and it will become the default in a future OCam=
l version.<br><br></div>Regarding your code:<br></div>- repeatedly calling =
String.sub is inefficient; you want to count the number of spaces at the be=
ginning and call String.sub just once<br></div>- there is no need to use St=
ring.make here, you can match on a character directly ('c' instead =
of "c")<br><br></div>Your code is relatively typical of people th=
at enjoy recursively processing lists, and try to apply the same approach t=
o strings. Because the "tail" operation on strings takes linear (=
O(n)) instead of constant (O(1)) time, this is not a very good idea perform=
ance-wise. Reading characters at any position is fine, but the rest (String=
.sub, string concatenation (^)...) should be used as sparsely as possible -=
- preferably not at each recursive call.<br></div><div class=3D"gmail_extra=
"><br><div class=3D"gmail_quote">On Tue, Feb 7, 2017 at 11:35 PM, Douglas L=
ewit <a href=3D"mailto:[email protected]">[email protected]</a> [ocaml_begi=
nners] <span dir=3D"ltr"><<a href=3D"mailto:ocaml_beginners@yahoogroups.=
com" target=3D"_blank">[email protected]</a>></span> wrote=
:<br><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"border-left:1px #ccc solid;=
">
=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20
<div>
<br><br>
<div dir=3D"ltr"><font size=3D"4">Hi everyone,</font><div><font size=3D"4">=
<br></font></div><div><font size=3D"4">I wrote the following functions.</fo=
nt></div><div><font size=3D"4"><br></font></div><div><font size=3D"4" color=
=3D"#cc0000"><b><br></b></font></div><div><font size=3D"4"><div><b><font co=
lor=3D"#20124d">(* The function removeSpacesFromString' relies on the f=
unction removeSpacesFromString. =C2=A0removeSpacesFromString' takes a s=
tring=C2=A0</font></b></div><div><b><font color=3D"#20124d">=C2=A0 =C2=A0su=
ch as "How are you doing" and parses it into a list of separate w=
ords.=C2=A0 In this case for example, removeSpacesFromString'=C2=A0</fo=
nt></b></div><div><b><font color=3D"#20124d">=C2=A0 =C2=A0will return [&quo=
t;How"; "are"; "you"; "doing"]. *)</font=
></b></div><div><b><font color=3D"#20124d"><br></font></b></div><div><b><fo=
nt color=3D"#20124d"><br></font></b></div><div><b><font color=3D"#20124d">l=
et rec removeSpacesFromString s w l =3D match Bytes.length s with=C2=A0</fo=
nt></b></div><div><b><font color=3D"#20124d">=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =
=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=
=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |0 -> List.r=
ev begin [w] :: l end</font></b></div><div><b><font color=3D"#20124d">=C2=
=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =
=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=
=A0 =C2=A0 |_ -> match Bytes.make 1 ( Bytes.get s 0 ) with=C2=A0</font><=
/b></div><div><b><font color=3D"#20124d">=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0=
=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=
=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=
" " -> removeSpacesFromString ( Bytes.sub s 1 ( Bytes.length s=
- 1 ) ) =C2=A0"" =C2=A0</font></b><b><font color=3D"#20124d">([w=
] :: l)</font></b></div><div><b><font color=3D"#20124d">=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=
=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =
=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=
=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |_ =C2=A0 -> removeSpacesFromString ( Bytes.sub s 1 ( =
Bytes.length s - 1 ) )=C2=A0</font></b></div><div><b><font color=3D"#20124d=
">=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=
=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =
=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=
=A0begin w ^ ( Bytes.make 1 ( Bytes.get s 0 ) ) =C2=A0end l ;;</font></b></=
div><div><b><font color=3D"#20124d"><br></font></b></div><div><b><font colo=
r=3D"#20124d"><br></font></b></div><div><b><font color=3D"#20124d">let remo=
veSpacesFromString' s =3D List.flatten begin removeSpacesFromString s &=
quot;" [] end ;;</font></b></div><div><b><font color=3D"#cc0000"><br><=
/font></b></div><div><br></div><div>The functions work exactly as I want th=
em to, which is great!=C2=A0 But just for the sake of experimentation I tri=
ed to substitute the "String" module for the "Bytes" mo=
dule into the first function above.=C2=A0 Well guess what?=C2=A0 Nothing re=
ally changed!=C2=A0 I still get the exact same results as before, which lea=
ds to an interesting question.=C2=A0 How is the Bytes module different from=
the String module?=C2=A0 I sort of get the impression from the online docu=
mentation that the Bytes module is the "new and improved" version=
of the String module, but if that's the case then why doesn't INRI=
A just delete the String module from OCaml's Standard Library?=C2=A0 Ar=
e the two libraries pretty much the same?=C2=A0 How is the Bytes library be=
tter than the String library?=C2=A0 What would happen if INRIA just decided=
to remove the String library from the next major version of OCaml?</div><d=
iv><br></div><div>One quick question here before I send my email.=C2=A0 How=
much does OCaml depend on C?=C2=A0 I know that Python and Ruby are essenti=
ally very large "C applications" in the sense that the interprete=
rs for those languages are coded in the C language. =C2=A0( Or at least tha=
t's what I have read online. ) =C2=A0What about OCaml.=C2=A0 How is OCa=
ml's compiler implemented?=C2=A0 Is the OCaml compiler written in C?=C2=
=A0 Or written in something else?</div><div><br></div><div>I appreciate you=
r feedback and thanks!</div><div><br></div><div>Best,</div><div><br></div><=
div>Douglas Lewit</div><div><br></div></font></div></div>
<br>
<br>
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#ygrp-sponsor #ygrp-lc .ad {
margin-bottom: 10px;
padding: 0 0;
}
#actions {
font-family: Verdana;
font-size: 11px;
padding: 10px 0;
}
#activity {
background-color: #e0ecee;
float: left;
font-family: Verdana;
font-size: 10px;
padding: 10px;
}
#activity span {
font-weight: 700;
}
#activity span:first-child {
text-transform: uppercase;
}
#activity span a {
color: #5085b6;
text-decoration: none;
}
#activity span span {
color: #ff7900;
}
#activity span .underline {
text-decoration: underline;
}
.attach {
clear: both;
display: table;
font-family: Arial;
font-size: 12px;
padding: 10px 0;
width: 400px;
}
.attach div a {
text-decoration: none;
}
.attach img {
border: none;
padding-right: 5px;
}
.attach label {
display: block;
margin-bottom: 5px;
}
.attach label a {
text-decoration: none;
}
=20=20
blockquote {
margin: 0 0 0 4px;
}
.bold {
font-family: Arial;
font-size: 13px;
font-weight: 700;
}
.bold a {
text-decoration: none;
}
dd.last p a {
font-family: Verdana;
font-weight: 700;
}
dd.last p span {
margin-right: 10px;
font-family: Verdana;
font-weight: 700;
}
dd.last p span.yshortcuts {
margin-right: 0;
}
div.attach-table div div a {
text-decoration: none;
}
div.attach-table {
width: 400px;
}
div.file-title a, div.file-title a:active, div.file-title a:hover, div.fi=
le-title a:visited {
text-decoration: none;
}
div.photo-title a, div.photo-title a:active, div.photo-title a:hover, div=
.photo-title a:visited {
text-decoration: none;
}
div#ygrp-mlmsg #ygrp-msg p a span.yshortcuts {
font-family: Verdana;
font-size: 10px;
font-weight: normal;
}
.green {
color: #628c2a;
}
.MsoNormal {
margin: 0 0 0 0;
}
o {
font-size: 0;
}
#photos div {
float: left;
width: 72px;
}
#photos div div {
border: 1px solid #666666;
height: 62px;
overflow: hidden;
width: 62px;
}
#photos div label {
color: #666666;
font-size: 10px;
overflow: hidden;
text-align: center;
white-space: nowrap;
width: 64px;
}
#reco-category {
font-size: 77%;
}
#reco-desc {
font-size: 77%;
}
.replbq {
margin: 4px;
}
#ygrp-actbar div a:first-child {
/* border-right: 0px solid #000;*/
margin-right: 2px;
padding-right: 5px;
}
#ygrp-mlmsg {
font-size: 13px;
font-family: Arial, helvetica,clean, sans-serif;
*font-size: small;
*font: x-small;
}
#ygrp-mlmsg table {
font-size: inherit;
font: 100%;
}
#ygrp-mlmsg select, input, textarea {
font: 99% Arial, Helvetica, clean, sans-serif;
}
#ygrp-mlmsg pre, code {
font:115% monospace;
*font-size:100%;
}
#ygrp-mlmsg * {
line-height: 1.22em;
}
#ygrp-mlmsg #logo {
padding-bottom: 10px;
}
#ygrp-msg p a {
font-family: Verdana;
}
#ygrp-msg p#attach-count span {
color: #1E66AE;
font-weight: 700;
}
#ygrp-reco #reco-head {
color: #ff7900;
font-weight: 700;
}
#ygrp-reco {
margin-bottom: 20px;
padding: 0px;
}
#ygrp-sponsor #ov li a {
font-size: 130%;
text-decoration: none;
}
#ygrp-sponsor #ov li {
font-size: 77%;
list-style-type: square;
padding: 6px 0;
}=20
#ygrp-sponsor #ov ul {
margin: 0;
padding: 0 0 0 8px;
}
#ygrp-text {
font-family: Georgia;
}
#ygrp-text p {
margin: 0 0 1em 0;
}
#ygrp-text tt {
font-size: 120%;
}
#ygrp-vital ul li:last-child {
border-right: none !important;=20
}=20
-->
</style>
</head>
<!--~-|**|PrettyHtmlEnd|**|-~-->
</html>
<!-- end group email -->
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