Re: Thinking Aloud: Refactoring from nested loops to enumerators and lambda's

> For example, perhaps you could use a helper class that carries some of those parameters as persistent state.

Yup. And if you think about it, a nameless helper class is to preserve
local state is just a closure.

On Mon, Jul 1, 2019 at 7:44 PM Andy Jones <[email protected]> wrote:
>
> I tend to think of loops -- at least loops with blocks -- as a code smell.
>
> So the first step for me is to make the body of each of those loops a function.  After that, if you are finding that there are too many parameters being passed around, then that might be an indication that you the design is not optimal (only _might_).  For example, perhaps you could use a helper class that carries some of those parameters as persistent state.
>
> Then, too, if your loops have external side effects, that's another line of attack.  I kind of want each of my functions to have an external effect, or return a value, but definitely not both.
>
> Of course
> ```
> Result = []
> func_x( stuff) do |a|
>   result << func_y( a)
> end
> result
> ```
>
> Is really `func_x(stuff).map(&:func_y)`, so there's that, too.
>
>
> -----Original Message-----
> From: ruby-talk [mailto:[email protected]] On Behalf Of John Carter
> Sent: 01 July 2019 05:13
> To: Ruby users
> Subject: Thinking Aloud: Refactoring from nested loops to enumerators and lambda's
>
> So I'm just thinking out aloud here.
>
> Being an Old School Programmer I tend to naturally to write ever more
> deeply nested loops.
>
> I hate myself when I do this because it’s hard to test especially if
> some of the loops have nasty external side effects, it’s hard to
> reuse, it’s hard to refactor.
>
> So I’m trying two new patterns....
>
> * Passing enumerators as parameters so I can pull out inner loops as
> standalone functions without calling the entire function every time..
>
> * Creating functions that return lambdas, so I can pass an inner loop
> in as a parameter.
>
> Walk with me this is going to be long…. the example is a teaching
> example / dojo exercise for myself, so excuse me it it slightly
> contrived.
>
> (In the following, a line of ===== indicates the next, slightly
> different version of the code)
>
> ==========================================
>
> Here is a typical chunk of my code…
>
> def nested( a, b, c)
>
>    stuff_a = func_a(a)
>    stuff_b = func_b(b)
>    stuff_c = func_c(c)
>    result = {}
>    func_1( stuff_a) do |a1|
>       stuff_d = func_d( a1 + stuff_b)
>       func_2( stuff_d) do |a2|
>          stuff_e = func_e( a2 + stuff_c)
>
>          func_3( stuff_e) do |a3|
>
>             result[a3] = func_f( a3)
>          end
>       end
>    end
>
>    result
> end
>
> It’s fairly clear but has a few gotchas.
>
> * It’s unclear which part of the code actually depends on which parameters.
> * In this toy example, the function is small… but a Real Life nested
> loop function like this can quickly grow hideously large.
> * As a “premature optimization” I have factored out subexpressions
> that do not alter within the loops, resulting in large scopes for
> variables that are only used inside the loops.
> * func_1(), func_2(), func_3() yield a stream of things….but a stream
> of things should just be an enumerable!
>
> ==========================================
>
> Ok, so try 2… reduce the scope of the stuff_* variables, a pessimation..
>
> def nested( a, b, c)
>
>    result = {}
>    stuff_a = func_a(a)
>    func_1( stuff_a) do |a1|
>       stuff_b = func_b(b)
>       stuff_d = func_d( a1 + stuff_b)
>       func_2( stuff_d) do |a2|
>          stuff_c = func_c(c)
>          stuff_e = func_e( a2 + stuff_c)
>
>          func_3( stuff_e) do |a3|
>
>             result[a3] = func_f( a3)
>          end
>       end
>    end
>
>    result
> end
>
>
> ==========================================
>
> I can extract the inner loop as a function, but my parameter list balloons…
>
> def inner_2( a2, c, result)
>    stuff_c = func_c(c)
>    stuff_e = func_e( a2 + stuff_c)
>
>    func_3( stuff_e) do |a3|
>       result[a3] = func_f( a3)
>    end
> end
>
> def nested( a, b, c)
>
>    result = {}
>    stuff_a = func_a(a)
>    func_1( stuff_a) do |a1|
>       stuff_b = func_b(b)
>       stuff_d = func_d( a1 + stuff_b)
>       func_2( stuff_d) do |a2|
>          inner_2( a2, c, result)
>       end
>    end
>
>    result
> end
>
> and I still reevaluate func_c for every loop!
>
> ==========================================
> If I use a closure instead, my parameter list collapses again…
>
> def nested( a, b, c)
>
>    result = {}
>    stuff_a = func_a(a)
>    func_1( stuff_a) do |a1|
>       stuff_b = func_b(b)
>       stuff_d = func_d( a1 + stuff_b)
>       inner_2 = ->( a2){
>          stuff_c = func_c(c)
>          stuff_e = func_e( a2 + stuff_c)
>
>          func_3( stuff_e) do |a3|
>             result[a3] = func_f( a3)
>          end
>       }
>       func_2( stuff_d) do |a2|
>          inner_2.call( a2)
>       end
>    end
>
>    result
> end
>
> ==========================================
> But I still have a pessimization, so if I could pass an enumerator
> around…. So lets try convert func_2 to an enumerator….
>
> def func_2( j)
>    return to_enum( __method__, j) unless block_given?
>    .....lots of code and a...
>        yield  a2
>    ...lots more code
> end
>
> def nested( a, b, c)
>
>    result = {}
>    stuff_a = func_a(a)
>    func_1( stuff_a) do |a1|
>       stuff_b = func_b(b)
>       stuff_d = func_d( a1 + stuff_b)
>       inner_2 = ->( a2){
>          stuff_c = func_c(c)
>          stuff_e = func_e( a2 + stuff_c)
>
>          func_3( stuff_e) do |a3|
>             result[a3] = func_f( a3)
>          end
>       }
>       func_2( stuff_d).each do |a2|
>          inner_2.call( a2)
>       end
>    end
>
>    result
> end
>
> ==========================================
>
> Then pass the enumerator in, and then we can stop the silly
> re-evaluation of func_c on every loop…
>
> def nested( a, b, c)
>
>    result = {}
>    stuff_a = func_a(a)
>    func_1( stuff_a) do |a1|
>       stuff_b = func_b(b)
>       stuff_d = func_d( a1 + stuff_b)
>       inner_2 = ->( e){
>          stuff_c = func_c(c)
>
>          e.each do |a2|
>             stuff_e = func_e( a2 + stuff_c)
>
>             func_3( stuff_e) do |a3|
>                result[a3] = func_f( a3)
>             end
>          end
>       }
>
>       inner_2.call( func_2( stuff_d))
>    end
>
>    result
> end
>
> ==========================================
>
> And I can keep going with func_1….
>
> def nested( a, b, c)
>
>    result = {}
>    stuff_a = func_a(a)
>    inner_1 = ->( e1, inner_2){
>       stuff_b = func_b(b)
>       e1.each do |a1|
>          stuff_d = func_d( a1 + stuff_b)
>
>          inner_2.call( func_2( stuff_d))
>       end
>    }
>
>    inner_2 = ->( e2){
>       stuff_c = func_c(c)
>
>       e2.each do |a2|
>          stuff_e = func_e( a2 + stuff_c)
>
>          func_3( stuff_e) do |a3|
>             result[a3] = func_f( a3)
>          end
>       end
>    }
>
>
>    inner_1.call( func_1( stuff_a), inner_2)
>
>
>    result
> end
>
> ==========================================
>
> I can reduce scope of result and move it to the outermost level….
>
> def nested( a, b, c)
>
>    stuff_a = func_a(a)
>
>    inner_1 = ->( e1, inner_2, &block){
>       stuff_b = func_b(b)
>       e1.each do |a1|
>          stuff_d = func_d( a1 + stuff_b)
>
>          inner_2.call( func_2( stuff_d), &block)
>       end
>    }
>
>    inner_2 = ->( e2,&block){
>       stuff_c = func_c(c)
>
>       e2.each do |a2|
>          stuff_e = func_e( a2 + stuff_c)
>
>          func_3( stuff_e,&block)
>       end
>    }
>
>
>    result = {}
>    inner_1.call( func_1( stuff_a), inner_2) do |a3|
>       result[a3] = func_f( a3)
>    end
>    result
> end
>
> ==========================================
>
> I can convert the inner_1 lambda to a vanilla method and convert that
> to an Enumerator…
>
> def inner_1( b, e1, inner_2, &block)
>    return to_enum( __method__, b, e1, inner_2) unless block_given?
>    stuff_b = func_b(b)
>    e1.each do |a1|
>       stuff_d = func_d( a1 + stuff_b)
>
>       inner_2.call( func_2( stuff_d), &block)
>    end
> end
>
> def nested( a, b, c)
>
>    stuff_a = func_a(a)
>
>
>    inner_2 = ->( e2,&block){
>       stuff_c = func_c(c)
>
>       e2.each do |a2|
>          stuff_e = func_e( a2 + stuff_c)
>
>          func_3( stuff_e,&block)
>       end
>    }
>
>
>    result = {}
>    inner_1( b, func_1( stuff_a), inner_2).each do |a3|
>       result[a3] = func_f( a3)
>    end
>    result
> end
>
> ==========================================
>
> Since inner_1 is just a vanilla enum, I can use each_with_object
>
> I can also extract inner_2 as a method that returns a lambda…
>
> def inner_1( b, e1, inner_2, &block)
>    return to_enum( __method__, b, e1, inner_2) unless block_given?
>    stuff_b = func_b(b)
>    e1.each do |a1|
>       stuff_d = func_d( a1 + stuff_b)
>
>       inner_2.call( func_2( stuff_d), &block)
>    end
> end
>
> def inner_2( c)
>    stuff_c = func_c(c)
>
>    ->( e2,&block){
>
>       e2.each do |a2|
>          stuff_e = func_e( a2 + stuff_c)
>
>          func_3( stuff_e,&block)
>       end
>    }
> end
>
> def nested( a, b, c)
>
>    stuff_a = func_a(a)
>
>    inner_1( b, func_1( stuff_a), inner_2( c)).each_with_object({}) do
> |a3, result|
>       result[a3] = func_f( a3)
>    end
> end
>
> Note func_c is now only evaluated once again, It’s testable it, it’s
> reusable in the vanilla “everything is just Enumerable” sense.
>
> Comments, suggestions, nitpicks welcome....
>
> As I said, I'm just thinking aloud trying to fix a common anti-pattern
> in my own code.
>
> --
> John Carter
> Tait Electronics
> PO Box 1645 Christchurch
> New Zealand
>
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-- 
John Carter
Phone : (64)(3) 358 6639
Tait Electronics
PO Box 1645 Christchurch
New Zealand

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