[PATCH] libm: Fixing overflow handling issue for scalbnf and scalbn

cc Aldy Hernandez <[email protected]> and Andrew MacLeod <[email protected]>,
they are author of new VRP analysis for GCC, just to make sure I didn't
mis-understanding or mis-interpreting anything on GCC site.

GCC 11 have better value range analysis, that give GCC more confidence
to perform more aggressive optimization, but it cause scalbn/scalbnf get
wrong result.

Using scalbn to demostrate what happened on GCC 11, see comments with VRP
prefix:

```c
double scalbn (double x, int n)
{
	/* VRP RESULT: n = [-INF, +INF] */
        __int32_t  k,hx,lx;
        ...
        k = (hx&0x7ff00000)>>20;
	/* VRP RESULT: k = [0, 2047] */
        if (k==0) {
	    /* VRP RESULT: k = 0 */
	    ...
	    k = ((hx&0x7ff00000)>>20) - 54;
            if (n< -50000) return tiny*x;       /*underflow*/
	    /* VRP RESULT: k = -54 */
	}
	/* VRP RESULT: k = [-54, 2047] */
        if (k==0x7ff) return x+x;               /* NaN or Inf */
	/* VRP RESULT: k = [-54, 2046] */
        k = k+n;
        if (k > 0x7fe) return huge*copysign(huge,x); /* overflow  */
	/* VRP RESULT: k = [-INF, 2046] */
	/* VRP RESULT: n = [-INF, 2100],
	   because k + n <= 0x7fe is false, so:
	   1. -INF < [-54, 2046] + n <= 0x7fe(2046) < INF
	   2. -INF < [-54, 2046] + n <= 2046 < INF
	   3. -INF < n <= 2046 - [-54, 2046] < INF
	   4. -INF < n <= [0, 2100] < INF
	   5. n = [-INF, 2100] */
        if (k > 0)                              /* normal result */
            {SET_HIGH_WORD(x,(hx&0x800fffff)|(k<<20)); return x;}
        if (k <= -54) {
	    /* VRP OPT: Evaluate n > 50000 as true...*/
            if (n > 50000)      /* in case integer overflow in n+k */
                return huge*copysign(huge,x);   /*overflow*/
            else return tiny*copysign(tiny,x);  /*underflow*/
	}
        k += 54;                                /* subnormal result */
        SET_HIGH_WORD(x,(hx&0x800fffff)|(k<<20));
        return x*twom54;
}
```

However give the input n = INT32_MAX, k = k+n will overflow, and then we
expect got `huge*copysign(huge,x)`, but new VRP optimization think
`n > 50000` is never be true, so optimize that into `tiny*copysign(tiny,x)`.

so the solution here is to moving the overflow handle logic before `k = k + n`.
---
 newlib/libm/common/s_scalbn.c  | 9 ++++-----
 newlib/libm/common/sf_scalbn.c | 9 ++++-----
 2 files changed, 8 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-)

diff --git a/newlib/libm/common/s_scalbn.c b/newlib/libm/common/s_scalbn.c
index e9dbb16ac..72da0e4a1 100644
--- a/newlib/libm/common/s_scalbn.c
+++ b/newlib/libm/common/s_scalbn.c
@@ -93,15 +93,14 @@ tiny   = 1.0e-300;
             if (n< -50000) return tiny*x; 	/*underflow*/
 	    }
         if (k==0x7ff) return x+x;		/* NaN or Inf */
+        if (n > 50000) 	/* in case integer overflow in n+k */
+	    return huge*copysign(huge,x);	/*overflow*/
         k = k+n; 
         if (k >  0x7fe) return huge*copysign(huge,x); /* overflow  */
         if (k > 0) 				/* normal result */
 	    {SET_HIGH_WORD(x,(hx&0x800fffff)|(k<<20)); return x;}
-        if (k <= -54) {
-            if (n > 50000) 	/* in case integer overflow in n+k */
-		return huge*copysign(huge,x);	/*overflow*/
-	    else return tiny*copysign(tiny,x); 	/*underflow*/
-      }
+        if (k <= -54)
+	    return tiny*copysign(tiny,x); 	/*underflow*/
         k += 54;				/* subnormal result */
 	SET_HIGH_WORD(x,(hx&0x800fffff)|(k<<20));
         return x*twom54;
diff --git a/newlib/libm/common/sf_scalbn.c b/newlib/libm/common/sf_scalbn.c
index 700060010..747a421ef 100644
--- a/newlib/libm/common/sf_scalbn.c
+++ b/newlib/libm/common/sf_scalbn.c
@@ -56,15 +56,14 @@ tiny   = 1.0e-30;
 	    k = ((ix&0x7f800000)>>23) - 25; 
             if (n< -50000) return tiny*x; 	/*underflow*/
         }
+        if (n > OVERFLOW_INT) 	/* in case integer overflow in n+k */
+	    return huge*copysignf(huge,x);	/*overflow*/
         k = k+n; 
         if (k > FLT_LARGEST_EXP) return huge*copysignf(huge,x); /* overflow  */
         if (k > 0) 				/* normal result */
 	    {SET_FLOAT_WORD(x,(ix&0x807fffff)|(k<<23)); return x;}
-        if (k < FLT_SMALLEST_EXP) {
-            if (n > OVERFLOW_INT) 	/* in case integer overflow in n+k */
-		return huge*copysignf(huge,x);	/*overflow*/
-	    else return tiny*copysignf(tiny,x);	/*underflow*/
-        }
+        if (k < FLT_SMALLEST_EXP)
+	    return tiny*copysignf(tiny,x);	/*underflow*/
         k += 25;				/* subnormal result */
 	SET_FLOAT_WORD(x,(ix&0x807fffff)|(k<<23));
         return x*twom25;
-- 
2.31.1