Re: Completely new to Agile Dev principles, and it sure feels like I'm in over my head right now...

Does the product owner exist in all of this? If so might be worth
explaining  the dysfunctions to them and explaining it’s unlikely to be
fixed without some help re coaching around communications and the agile
principles. I’m assuming the person that told you to use agile is
effectively the P.O. it’s good they see agile as a way forward but they
need to understand that it highlights the problems which have to be solved
if you actually want to be agile and deliver regular value.

Hope it works out

Kevin