Re: History of the Economics of the Internet?
Brian E Carpenter via Internet-history <[email protected]> Wed, 29 Jul 2026 12:35:30 +1200
| Newsgroups | gmane.culture.internet.history |
|---|---|
| Message-ID | <[email protected]> |
SSB0aGluayB0aGVyZSBhcmUgc29tZSByZWFsbHkgaW50ZXJlc3RpbmcgZWNvbm9taWMgcXVlc3Rp b25zLCBzdWNoIGFzOg0KDQotIHdoeSBkaWQgYWR2ZXJ0aXNpbmcsIGFuZCBjaGFyZ2luZyBmb3Ig ZG9tYWluIG5hbWVzLCBiZWNvbWUgbWFqb3IgZmFjdG9ycyBpbiBJbnRlcm5ldCBlY29ub21pY3M/ DQotIGhvdyBoYXMgdGhlIGRlc2lnbiBvZiBCR1A0IGFmZmVjdGVkIGNhcnJpZXIgZWNvbm9taWNz IChjb21wZXRpdGlvbiB2cyBjb2xsYWJvcmF0aW9uKT8NCi0gd2h5IGRpZCBmbGF0LXJhdGUgY2hh cmdpbmcgYmVjb21lIHRoZSBkb21pbmFudCBtb2RlbCBmb3IgSVNQcz8NCi0gd2hhdCBmcmFjdGlv bnMgb2YgYXBwbGljYXRpb24gbGF5ZXIgcmV2ZW51ZSBjb21lIGZyb20gYWR2ZXJ0aXNpbmcsIHN1 YnNjcmlwdGlvbnMsIHBheS1wZXItdmlldywgZXRjPw0KLSB3aHkgZG9lcyBhbnlvbmUgdHJ1c3Qg Y3J5cHRvY3VycmVuY3k/DQotIGhvdyB3aWxsIEFJIGNoYW5nZSBJbnRlcm5ldCBlY29ub21pY3M/ DQoNCkkgdGhpbmsgZW1haWwgYW5kIHNwYW0gYXJlIGFjdHVhbGx5IG1pbm9yLCBlY29ub21pY2Fs bHkgc3BlYWtpbmcuDQoNClJlZ2FyZHMvTmfEgSBtaWhpDQogICAgQnJpYW4gQ2FycGVudGVyDQoN Ck9uIDI5LUp1bC0yNiAwODozOSwgSmFjayBIYXZlcnR5IHZpYSBJbnRlcm5ldC1oaXN0b3J5IHdy b3RlOg0KPiBPbiA3LzI1LzI2IDE1OjM5LCBPZmVyIEluYmFyIHZpYSBJbnRlcm5ldC1oaXN0b3J5 IHdyb3RlOg0KPj4gT24gU2F0LCBKdWwgMTgsIDIwMjYgYXQgMTI6NTE6MDRQTSAtMDcwMCwNCj4+ IEphY2sgSGF2ZXJ0eSB2aWEgSW50ZXJuZXQtaGlzdG9yeSA8aW50ZXJuZXQtaGlzdG9yeUBlbGlz dHMuaXNvYy5vcmc+IHdyb3RlOg0KPj4+IE92ZXIgdGhlIGxhc3QgZGVjYWRlIG9yIHR3bywgSSd2 ZSBzdWdnZXN0ZWQsIHNldmVyYWwgdGltZXMsIHRvDQo+Pj4gc2V2ZXJhbCBJU09DIGFkbWluaXN0 cmF0aW9ucywgdGhhdCBJU09DICJ3YWxrIHRoZSB3YWxrIiB3aXRoIGVtYWlsDQo+Pj4gYnkgc2Vy dmluZyBhcyBhIHByb21pbmVudCBleGFtcGxlIG9mICJob3cgdG8gZG8gZW1haWwgcmlnaHQiLsKg IMKgVGhhdA0KPj4+IG9mIGNvdXJzZSBtaWdodCByZXF1aXJlIHBvbGljaWVzIHRvIHBvc3NpYmx5 IGJlIGNoYW5nZWQsIHRlY2huaWNhbA0KPj4+IGZsYXdzIHRvIGJlIGFkZHJlc3NlZCwgZWR1Y2F0 aW9uYWwgZWZmb3J0cywgYW5kIGV2ZW4gcGVyaGFwcw0KPj4+IGdvdmVybm1lbnRzJyBhY3Rpb25z Lg0KPj4+DQo+Pj4gTW9zdCBJbnRlcm5ldCB1c2VycyB0b2RheSBsaWtlbHkgZXhwZXJpZW5jZSB0 aGluZ3MgbGlrZSBwaGlzaGluZw0KPj4+IGF0dGFja3MsIGVtYWlscyB3aXRoIGZvcmdlZCBzb3Vy Y2VzLCBhbmQgb3RoZXIgc3VjaCBlZmZlY3RzIHRoYXQNCj4+PiBtYWtlIGVtYWlsIHVudHJ1c3R3 b3J0aHkgaW4gdGhlaXIgdmlld3MuwqAgwqBNb3N0IG9mIHRoZSBJbnRlcm5ldA0KPj4+IHVzZXJz IGhhdmUgbm8gaWRlYSBob3cgdG8gcHJvdGVjdCB0aGVtc2VsdmVzIGZyb20gc3VjaCBhdHRhY2tz Lg0KPj4+ICAgwqBNb3N0IHJlZ3VsYXRvcnkgYW5kIGdvdmVybm1lbnQgYXV0aG9yaXRpZXMgc2Vl bSB0byBoYXZlIG5vIGlkZWENCj4+PiB3aGF0LCBpZiBhbnl0aGluZywgdGhleSBjYW4gZG8gYWJv dXQgaXQuDQo+PiBBIG1ham9yaXR5IG9mIHlvdW5nZXIgSW50ZXJuZXQgdXNlcnMgKGF0IGxlYXN0 IGluIHRoZSBFbmdsaXNoIHNwZWFraW5nDQo+PiB3b3JsZCBJJ20gZmFtaWxpYXIgd2l0aCkgLSBw ZXJoYXBzIG5vdCBhbiBvdmVyd2hlbG1pbmcgbWFqb3JpdHksIGJ1dA0KPj4gcXVpdGUgY2VydGFp bmx5IGEgbWFqb3JpdHkgLSBzaW1wbHkgZG8gbm90IHVzZSBlbWFpbCB0byBjb21tdW5pY2F0ZS4N Cj4+IFRoZXkgdXNlIGl0IHRvIHZlcmlmeSB0aGVpciBhZGRyZXNzIGZvciBhY2NvdW50cywgdGhl eSB1c2UgaXQgdG8gY2hlY2sNCj4+IGZvciBhIHNwZWNpZmljIHRoaW5nIHRoYXQgdGhleSBrbm93 IGlzIGdvaW5nIHRvIGJlIHNlbnQgdG8gdGhlbSBieQ0KPj4gZW1haWwgYW5kIHRoYXQgdGhleSBr bm93IHRoZXkgd2FudCB0byBzZWUsIGFuZCBtb3N0IG9mIHRoZSByZXN0IG9mIHRoZQ0KPj4gdGlt ZSwgdGhleSBsZXQgdGhlaXIgZW1haWwgcGlsZSB1cCBhbmQgdGhleSBpZ25vcmUgbmVhcmx5IGFs bCBvZiBpdC4NCj4+DQo+PiBUbyBhY3R1YWxseSBzdGF5IGluIHRvdWNoIHdpdGggZnJpZW5kcywg ZmFtaWx5LCBjb3dvcmtlcnMsIGdyb3Vwcw0KPj4gdGhleSdyZSBwYXJ0IG9mLCBldGMuIC0gYWxs IHRoZSB0aGluZ3MgZW1haWwgdXNlZCB0byBiZSBmb3IgLSB0aGV5DQo+PiB1c2UgbWVzc2FnaW5n IGFwcHMuICBEaXNjb3JkLCBGYWNlYm9vaywgU2xhY2sgSW5zdGFncmFtLCBhbmQgbW9yZQ0KPj4g bGlrZSB0aGF0LiAgT3IgU01TL1JDUyBwaG9uZSB0ZXh0cy4NCj4+DQo+PiBBbGwgb2YgdGhlIHZh cmlvdXMgcHJvYmxlbXMgd2l0aCBlbWFpbCB0b2RheSwgaW5jbHVkaW5nIHRoZSBvbmVzIHlvdQ0K Pj4gbGlzdGVkLCBhcmUgSSB0aGluayBkd2FyZmVkIGJ5IG9uZSBiaWcgb25lIHRoYXQgaGFzIGNh dXNlZCB0aGlzOg0KPj4gc3BhbS4gIFRoaXMgaW5jbHVkZXMgYm90aCBzY2F0dGVyc2hvdCBzY2Ft LW9yaWVudGVkIHNwYW0sIGJ1dCBhbHNvDQo+PiBsb3RzIG9mIGxpc3RzIHRoYXQgc2lnbiB5b3Ug dXAgd2l0aG91dCBhc2tpbmcgcGVybWlzc2lvbi4gIFlvdSBkb25hdGUNCj4+IHRvIGEgcG9saXRp Y2FsIGNhbmRpZGF0ZSwgYW5kIHNvbWUgc2xlYXp5ICJncmFzc3Jvb3RzIiBkYXRhYmFzZSBzdGFy dHMNCj4+IHNlbGxpbmcgeW91ciBhZGRyZXNzIHRvIGxvYWRzIG9mIG90aGVyIGNhbXBhaWducyBv ZiB0aGUgc2FtZSBwYXJ0eS4NCj4+IFlvdSBwYXkgZm9yIGEgbWVhbCBhdCBhIHJlc3RhdXJhbnQg d2l0aCB5b3VyIHBob25lLCBlbnRlciB0aGUgZW1haWwNCj4+IGFkZHJlc3MgZm9yIHlvdXIgcmVj ZWlwdCwgYW5kIG5vdyBub3Qgb25seSBhcmUgeW91IG9uIHRoZSBlbWFpbCBsaXN0DQo+PiBmb3Ig dGhhdCByZXN0YXVyYW50LCBidXQgYWxzbyB0aGUgbmV4dCBjYWZlIG9yIGljZSBjcmVhbSBwbGFj ZSBvcg0KPj4gd2hhdGV2ZXIgd2hlcmUgdGhlIHBheW1lbnQgc3lzdGVtIHJlY29nbml6ZXMgeW91 ciBjYXJkIGFuZCBvZmZlcnMNCj4+IHRvIGVtYWlsIHlvdXIgcmVjZWlwdCBhbmQgeW91IGRpZG4n dCBub3RpY2UgdGhlIHNtYWxsIGNoZWNrYm94IHRvDQo+PiBvcHQgb3V0IG9mIHNpZ25pbmcgdXAu ICBZb3UgUlNWUCB0byBhbiBldmVudCBvbiBzb21lIHNsZWF6eSBzaXRlIGxpa2UNCj4+IGV2ZW50 YnJpdGUsIGFuZCBub3cgeW91J3JlIG9uIHNldmVyYWwgbWFpbGluZyBsaXN0cyBmb3Igc2ltaWxh ciBldmVudHMuDQo+Pg0KPj4gVGhlIG1ham9yaXR5IG9mIGVtYWlsIGlzIGFzc3VtZWQgdG8gYmUg c3BhbSBvciBvdGhlcndpc2UgaXJyZWxldmFudCwNCj4+IGJ5IHBlb3BsZSB3aG9zZSBleHBlcmll bmNlIG9mIGVtYWlsIHN0YXJ0ZWQgYWZ0ZXIgdGhlIGV4cGxvc2lvbiBvZg0KPj4gc3BhbSB0aGF0 IEkgZGVzY3JpYmVkIGFib3ZlLiAgVGhleSBuZXZlciBrbmV3IHdoYXQgaXQgd2FzIGxpa2UgZm9y DQo+PiBlbWFpbCB0byBiZSByZWxldmFudCBhbmQgd29ydGggY2hlY2tpbmcsIHNvIHRoZXkgZG9u J3QgdGhpbmsgb2YgaXQNCj4+IGFzIHJlbGV2YW50IG9yIHdvcnRoIGNoZWNraW5nLiAgS25vd2lu ZyB0aGlzLCB0aGV5IGFsc28gZG9uJ3QgdGhpbmsNCj4+IGl0J3MgYSB1c2VmdWwgd2F5IHRvIGNv bW11bmljYXRlIHdpdGggYW55b25lIHRoZXkga25vdy4NCj4+ICAgICAtLSBDb3MNCj4gDQo+IFlv dSdyZSBhYnNvbHV0ZWx5IHJpZ2h0LsKgIFRoZSBlbWFpbCB3b3JsZCBoYXMgZnJhZ21lbnRlZCBp bnRvIGEgZ2FnZ2xlDQo+IG9mIHNlcGFyYXRlICJtZXNzYWdpbmciIHNlcnZpY2VzLsKgIEluIHRo ZSBiZWdpbm5pbmcsIGVtYWlsIHdhcyBhDQo+IHVuaXZlcnNhbCBzZXJ2aWNlLCBhbmQgZXZlbiAi YmVpbmcgb24gdGhlICduZXQiIG1lYW50IHRoYXQgeW91IGhhZCBhbg0KPiBBUlBBTkVUIGVtYWls IGFkZHJlc3MuwqAgRXZlbiB3aGVuIG90aGVyIG1haWwgc2VydmljZXMgd2VyZSBpbiB1c2UsIGUu Zy4sDQo+IFVVQ1Agb3IgZXZlbiBNQ0lNYWlsLCB0aGVyZSB3ZXJlIHNvbWV0aW1lcyBhcmNhbmUg d2F5cyB0byBpbnRlcm9wZXJhdGUsDQo+IHVzaW5nICUsICEsIGFuZCB0aGUgbGlrZSB0byBnbHVl IHR3byBtZXNzYWdpbmcgd29ybGRzIHRvZ2V0aGVyLsKgIMKgVG9kYXksDQo+IHRoZXJlIGFyZSBs b3RzIG9mIHdheXMgZm9yIHBlb3BsZSB0byBjb21tdW5pY2F0ZSwgYW5kIEkndmUgZm91bmQgZmV3 DQo+IHdheXMgdG8gbWFrZSB0aGVtIHdvcmsgdG9nZXRoZXIuwqAgwqBUaGUgaGlzdG9yeSBvZiB0 aGF0IGV2b2x1dGlvbiBtaWdodA0KPiBiZSBhbiBpbnRlcmVzdGluZyB0b3BpYyBmb3Igc29tZSBo aXN0b3JpYW4uDQo+IA0KPiBTcGFtIGlzIGNlcnRhaW5seSBhbiBpc3N1ZS7CoCBGb3IgaGlzdG9y eSdzIGJlbmVmaXQsIHNwYW0gd2FzIHdlbGwga25vd24NCj4gYXMgYW4gaXNzdWUgZXZlbiBpbiB0 aGUgZWFybHkgMTk3MHMgd2hlbiBlbWFpbCBzdGFydGVkIG9uIHRoZSBBUlBBTkVULg0KPiBMaWNr bGlkZXIgYXQgTUlUIHBvaW50ZWQgb3V0ICh0byBtZSBhdCBsZWFzdCB3aGlsZSB3ZSB3ZXJlIGlt cGxlbWVudGluZw0KPiBlbWFpbCkgdGhhdCBldmVyeSBzeXN0ZW0gbmVlZHMgc29tZSBraW5kIG9m ICJuZWdhdGl2ZSBmZWVkYmFjayIgdG8gYmUNCj4gc3RhYmxlLsKgIMKgRW5naW5lZXJzIGtub3cg dGhpcywgd2hldGhlciB0aGV5J3JlIGJ1aWxkaW5nIGVsZWN0cm9uaWMgc3R1ZmYNCj4gb3Igc3Rl YW0gZW5naW5lcyBhIGNlbnR1cnkgYWdvLg0KPiANCj4gVXNlIG9mIHNvbWUgcmVzb3VyY2UsIHN1 Y2ggYXMgZW1haWwsIG11c3QgaGF2ZSBzb21lICJjb3N0IiBhc3NvY2lhdGVkDQo+IHdpdGggaXRz IHVzZSwgdG8gcHJldmVudCByYW1wYW50IG92ZXJ1c2UuwqAgwqBXZSBhY3R1YWxseSB0cmllZCB0 bw0KPiBpbnRyb2R1Y2UgdGhlIG5vdGlvbiBvZiAic3RhbXBzIiB0byB0aGUgZGV2ZWxvbHBpbmcg ZW1haWwgc3RhbmRhcmRzIGluDQo+IHRoZSAxOTcwcyB0byBwcm92aWRlIGEgZm9ybSBvZiBuZWdh dGl2ZSBmZWVkYmFjay7CoCBFdmVuIGp1c3QgYSBsaW1pdCBvbg0KPiB0aGUgbnVtYmVyIG9mIGVt YWlscyB0aGF0IG9uZSBhZGRyZXNzIGNvdWxkIHNlbmQgb3ZlciBzb21lIHRpbWUgcGVyaW9kDQo+ IHdvdWxkIGV4ZXJ0IGJhY2sgcHJlc3N1cmUuDQo+IA0KPiBBbGwgc3VjaCBwcm9wb3NhbHMgd2Vy ZSBzb3VuZGx5IHJlamVjdGVkIGJ5IHRoZSByZXNlYXJjaCBjb21tdW5pdHkuIMKgU28NCj4gbm8g YmFja3ByZXNzdXJlIHNjaGVtZSB3YXMgY3JlYXRlZCBhbmQgdG9kYXkgaXQgY29zdHMgdmlydHVh bGx5IG5vdGhpbmcNCj4gdG8gc2VuZCBvdXQgaHVuZHJlZHMgb3IgdGhvdXNhbmRzIG9mIGVtYWls cy7CoCDCoFNvIGNvcnBvcmF0aW9ucywNCj4gcG9saXRpY2lhbnMsIGNoYXJpdGllcywgYW5kIGVu dHJlcHJlbmV1cnMgc2VuZCB0aGVtLiBTYW1lIHdpdGgNCj4gYWR2ZXJ0aXNpbmcsIHdoaWNoIGRv ZXMgaGF2ZSBhIGNvc3QgdG8gdGhlIGFkdmVydGlzZXIgYnV0IGxpdHRsZSBjb3N0IHRvDQo+IHRo ZSBjb21wYW55IGluamVjdGluZyBhZHMgaW50byB3ZWIgcGFnZXMuwqAgTW9zdCBvZiBzdWNoIHN0 dWZmIHdvdWxkIGJlDQo+IGNvbnNpZGVyZWQgc3BhbSBieSB0aGUgcmVjaXBpZW50cywgdG8gYmUg c2Nyb2xsZWQgcGFzdCBhcyBxdWlja2x5IGFzIHlvdQ0KPiBjYW4uDQo+IA0KPiBUaGlzIGlzIGFs bCBqdXN0IG9uZSBwYXJ0IG9mIGEgbGFyZ2VyIEhpc3Rvcnkgb2YgSW50ZXJuZXQgRWNvbm9taWNz LCBhbmQNCj4gaXQgZ29lcyBmYXIgYmV5b25kIGp1c3QgZW1haWwuwqAgWWVzdGVyZGF5IEkgc2F3 IGFuIGFydGljbGUgYWJvdXQgdGhlDQo+ICJkZWFkIGludGVybmV0IHRoZW9yeSIgd2hpY2ggY2hh cmFjdGVyaXplcyB0aGUgcmVjZW50IGVtZXJnZW5jZSBvZiBBSQ0KPiBhZ2VudHMgYXMgZGlzcnVw dGluZyB0aGUgZWNvbm9taWNzIG9mIHRoZSBJbnRlcm5ldCBhcyB3ZSd2ZSBrbm93biBpdC4NCj4g U2VlDQo+IGh0dHBzOi8vd3d3LmZhc3Rjb21wYW55LmNvbS85MTU3OTgxNy9kZWFkLWludGVybmV0 LXRoZW9yeS1pcy1yZWFsLXdlYi1hZ2VudHMNCj4gaWYgeW91J3JlIGludGVyZXN0ZWQuwqAgwqBU aGUgZWNvbm9taWNzIG9mIHRoZSBJbnRlcm5ldCBhcmUgbm93IGJyZWFraW5nDQo+IGFnYWluIGFu ZCBubyBvbmUga25vd3Mgd2hhdCBjb21lcyBuZXh0Lg0KPiANCj4gRm9yIGV4YW1wbGUsIEkgcmVj YWxsIGhlYXJpbmcgcHJlc2VudGF0aW9ucyBhdCBzb21lIGNvbmZlcmVuY2UgaW4gdGhlDQo+IGVh cmx5IDE5OTBzIGFib3V0ICJtaWNyb3BheW1lbnRzIiBhbmQgdGhlIHRlY2huaWNhbCBpZGVhcyBh bmQgcHJvZ3Jlc3MNCj4gd2hpY2ggd2VyZSBjdXJyZW50bHkgYmVpbmcgdGVzdGVkLsKgIFlldCB0 b2RheSwgd2UgYXJlIGFsbCBiYXJyYWdlZCB3aXRoDQo+IGNvbnRlbnQgdGhhdCB3ZSBjYW4ndCBh Y2Nlc3MgdW5sZXNzIHdlIHN1YnNjcmliZSB0byBzb21ldGhpbmcuwqAgRXZlcnlvbmUNCj4gd2Fu dHMgYSBzdWJzY3JpcHRpb24gYW5kIHRoZSBjb250aW51b3VzIHJldmVudWUgc3RyZWFtIGl0IHdv dWxkIGJyaW5nIC0NCj4gc2ltaWxhciB0byB0aGUgImFsbCB5b3UgY2FuIGVhdCIgcGhpbG9zb3Bo eSBzb21ldGltZXMgdXNlZCBieQ0KPiByZXN0YXVyYW50cyBpZiBvbmx5IGZvciBzcGVjaWFsIGV2 ZW50cy4gTWljcm9wYXltZW50cyB3ZXJlIHRvdXRlZCBhcw0KPiBhbHRlcm5hdGl2ZXMgdG8gc3Vi c2NyaXB0aW9ucywgc28gYW4gSW50ZXJuZXQgdXNlciBjb3VsZCBwYXkgZm9yIG9uZQ0KPiAibWVh bCIgKGFydGljbGUpIGF0IGEgdGltZSBpbnN0ZWFkIG9mIGNvbW1pdHRpbmcgdG8gd2Vla3Mgb3Ig bW9udGhzIG9mDQo+IGFsbC15b3UtY2FuLWVhdCBjb250ZW50Lg0KPiANCj4gV2hhdCBoYXBwZW5l ZCB0byBtaWNyb3BheW1lbnRzPw0KPiANCj4gQW55IGVjb25vbWlzdHMgb3V0IHRoZXJlP8KgIFBl cmhhcHMgc29tZW9uZSBjYW4gcmVsYXRlIHRoZSBoaXN0b3J5IGFuZA0KPiB0aW1lbGluZSBvZiBo b3cgdGhlIEludGVybmV0IEVjb25vbXkgaGFzIGV2b2x2ZWQgb3ZlciB0aGUgZGVjYWRlcz/CoCDC oElzDQo+IFRoZSBJbnRlcm5ldCBkeWluZz8NCj4gDQo+IC9KYWNrIEhhdmVydHkNCj4gDQo+IA0K PiANCj4gDQotLSAKSW50ZXJuZXQtaGlzdG9yeSBtYWlsaW5nIGxpc3QKSW50ZXJuZXQtaGlzdG9y eUBlbGlzdHMuaXNvYy5vcmcKaHR0cHM6Ly9lbGlzdHMuaXNvYy5vcmcvbWFpbG1hbi9saXN0aW5m by9pbnRlcm5ldC1oaXN0b3J5Ci0KVW5zdWJzY3JpYmU6IGh0dHBzOi8vYXBwLnNtYXJ0c2hlZXQu Y29tL2IvZm9ybS85YjZlZjA2MjE2Mzg0MzZhYjBhOWIyM2NiMDY2OGIwYj9UaGUlMjBsaXN0JTIw dG8lMjBiZSUyMHVuc3Vic2NyaWJlZCUyMGZyb209SW50ZXJuZXQtaGlzdG9yeQo=