Re: [vim/vim] MS-Windows: messages are not in the display language (PR #20860)

h-east left a comment (vim/vim#20860)

Not a duplicate of #20204 (that one is about `'statusline'` `%P`).  #20201 is
the closest related report.

The report is correct, and the cause is in Vim itself: `set_init_lang_env()` in
`src/option.c` sets `$LANG` from `GetLocaleInfo(LOCALE_USER_DEFAULT,
LOCALE_SABBREVLANGNAME)`, which is the regional format, not the display
language.  gettext then picks the messages from that.

I have a patch that takes the display language instead, using
`GetUserPreferredUILanguages()`, and only when none of `$LANG`, `$LANGUAGE`,
`$LC_ALL` and `$LC_MESSAGES` is set, so setting those keeps working as before.
`$LANGUAGE` gets the fall-back list, `$LANG` the language itself.  The default
for `'helplang'` follows the same value now.

The list stops after English on purpose: Vim ships no `en` catalog, so gettext
would otherwise fall through to a later preferred language, and a preference
list of "en-US, de-DE" would end up with German messages.

Verified on Windows 11 with display language Japanese and regional format
German (Germany): messages are now Japanese instead of German, the other locale
categories still follow the regional format, and `set LANG=de` still gives
German messages.

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