FOP issue with Cyrillic in Arial

I try to use DITA for a work in Russian. I am using MacOS Sonoma 14.5 on 
M1 MacBook.

Problem: The chapter titles/headings contains Cyrillic. But, when 
converting to PDF using the built in converter in XMLmind, the Cyrillic 
is output as #####.

When I investigate the PDF output, it seems to be the case that 
'ArialMT' (also known as just 'Arial') is used for the headings.

I get the same result if I create a HTML page with Cyrillic text and set 
the font to Arial.

I think the problem somehow must be with the FOP converter. The problem 
could also be with the Arial fonts. However, whenever I use Arial in a 
regular word processor, the Arial clearly **does** contain Cyrillic 
glyphs. Hence I am tempted to think that it is not the font.

Workaround:

Inside the FOP settings, for the fonts Arial.ttf, Arial Bold.ttf, Arial 
Italic.ttf and Arial Bold Italic.ttf, I made sure to define aliases. 
Thus for 'Arial Bold.ttf' I defined 'sans-serif' 'bold' as an alias. 
Having done that, I stopped getting '####' substitutes for the Cyrillic 
letters.

However, when I inspected the used font in the PDF out, I noticed that a 
new font, namely 'ArialUnicodeMS', had been embedded into the PDF.

Thus, it seems that, for some reason, FOP thinks that 'Arial Bold.ttf' 
does not contain Cyrillic characters.

Leif Halvard Silli


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