The turned-down way of speaking

Ralph Hancock <[email protected]> Sun, 13 Oct 2019 19:51:18 +0100
Newsgroups gmane.education.classics
Message-ID <CALBWZwZNPDekdKhsnvyvzfA9_RRce46Oiv_U46fmQPj8++Ledg@mail.gmail.com>
Someone has asked me to clarify the following passage from E.J. Bakker,
'The syntax of historiē: How Herodotus writes' in _Cambridge Collections
Online_, CUP 2007. He doesn't understand the connotations of 'the
turned-down way of speaking'. And neither do I. Does it refer to dropping
the tone of the voice at the end of the sentence, or to physically turning
down something to fold it neatly?

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Herodotus sought to capture the experience of the entire known world in one
long, complex and continuous logos. He did so by making use of the _logoi_
of others and integrating them in various ways into the texture of his own
huge _logos_.

Herodotus' style is often characterised as 'early prose'. This is both
ancient and modern practice. Aristotle uses the term _lexis eiromenē_, the
'strung-on way of speaking' for the style of 'previous generations', within
which he includes Herodotus. He contrasts this older style with _lexis
katestrammenē_, the 'turned-down way of speaking' that produces 'periods',
sentences with a beginning, middle, and end that give a sense of finitude
and closure. A modern version of the contrast would rephrase it as the
difference between parataxis and hypotaxis: a co-ordinating style that
presents all its elements on one and the same level is opposed to a style
organised to subordinate the less important to the more important idea.

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Thanks to anyone who can cast light on this phrase.

RH