The turned-down way of speaking
Ralph Hancock <[email protected]> Sun, 13 Oct 2019 19:51:18 +0100
| Newsgroups | gmane.education.classics |
|---|---|
| Message-ID | <CALBWZwZNPDekdKhsnvyvzfA9_RRce46Oiv_U46fmQPj8++Ledg@mail.gmail.com> |
Someone has asked me to clarify the following passage from E.J. Bakker, 'The syntax of historiē: How Herodotus writes' in _Cambridge Collections Online_, CUP 2007. He doesn't understand the connotations of 'the turned-down way of speaking'. And neither do I. Does it refer to dropping the tone of the voice at the end of the sentence, or to physically turning down something to fold it neatly? ----- Herodotus sought to capture the experience of the entire known world in one long, complex and continuous logos. He did so by making use of the _logoi_ of others and integrating them in various ways into the texture of his own huge _logos_. Herodotus' style is often characterised as 'early prose'. This is both ancient and modern practice. Aristotle uses the term _lexis eiromenē_, the 'strung-on way of speaking' for the style of 'previous generations', within which he includes Herodotus. He contrasts this older style with _lexis katestrammenē_, the 'turned-down way of speaking' that produces 'periods', sentences with a beginning, middle, and end that give a sense of finitude and closure. A modern version of the contrast would rephrase it as the difference between parataxis and hypotaxis: a co-ordinating style that presents all its elements on one and the same level is opposed to a style organised to subordinate the less important to the more important idea. ----- Thanks to anyone who can cast light on this phrase. RH