BMCR 2009.08.22: Boatwright on Leone, Res bene gestae: ricerche di storia urbana su Roma antica in onore di Eva Margareta Steinby. Lexicon Topographicum Urbis Romae, Supplementum, IV

Anna Leone, Domenico Palombi, Susan Walker (ed.), Res bene gestae:
ricerche di storia urbana su Roma antica in onore di Eva Margareta
Steinby. Lexicon Topographicum Urbis Romae, Supplementum, IV.  Roma:
Edizioni Quasar, 2007.  Pp. xviii, 478; 169 ills.  ISBN 9788871403533.
134.00 (pb).

Reviewed by Mary T. Boatwright, Duke University ([email protected])
Word count:  4219 words
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Many have contributed to the flourishing of Roman topography in the
last three decades, but special recognition must go to Eva Margareta
Steinby.  Under her patient tutelage the invaluable Lexicon
Topographicum Urbis Romae appeared in six volumes from 1993 to 2000.
Involving scholars of different nationalities and capitalizing on new
archaeological work in the city, LTUR made available up-to-date and
well-illustrated entries on the sites, monuments, shrines, statues, and
other elements of Rome's cityscape.  But as is clear in this
Festschrift that honors Dr. Steinby on the occasion of her retirement
from the University of Oxford, LTUR was never meant to be "the last
word." Rather, LTUR's individual entries and compilation were directed
not only at enabling specialists to compare, contrast, and examine more
deeply sites and areas, but also at making Roman topography accessible
to Roman historians, philologists, and art and architectural
historians. LTUR's aims are certainly realized in the present volume.
This, the fourth supplement to LTUR, contains 29 articles introduced by
the editors' preface and a dedication by Fergus Millar, and by Dr.
Steinby's biography and bibliography. Among other contributions, the
Festschrift illuminates obscure regions of Rome, examines fragments of
the Forma Urbis Romae / Severan Marble Plan (hereafter FUR) and of
other ancient plans of the city, re-ignites debate on some obstinate
problems, publishes new finds, and provides insight into the lives of
Rome's lower administrators and workers.  Most articles address the
imperial period, with a few notably looking later.  Its main audience
will be Roman topographers, but the wide range of subjects should
attract those interested in Rome's religions, society, culture, and
economy.

Res bene gestae publishes its 29 articles alphabetically by author, but
I think it more useful to discuss them below according to shared
themes, evidence, or aims. (The table of contents is listed with
abbreviated titles at the end of the review.)

Three articles give synthetic overviews of little known regions, using
archival material and/or new finds. Laura Chioffi, "Regio XIV: Hercules
Campanus e dintorni.  Per un aggiornamento del Lexicon Topographicum
Urbis Romae" (15-40), turns to finds from Rome's antiquarian markets
and vigne to write the topography of the part of Regio XIV (Trans
Tiberim) that went from the Porta Portese to the old Trastevere
station.  Cults thrived here, especially for Hercules, Silvanus, and
Sol, and along the river were humble housing, horrea, figlinae, moles,
and other utilitarian structures.  These were dependent on the more
grandiose residences above (including those owned by the Licinii), and
the region was an important part of the city until the Aurelian Walls
cut off much of it.  Vincent Jolivet, "La localization des toponymes de
la Rome antique a\ partir des Re/gionnaires.  Une e/tude de cas"
(103-25), uses information from excavations conducted from 1981 to 2005
by the E/cole franc,aise de Rome on the western slopes of the Pincio to
test the validity of the Regionary Catalogues for the VII Augustan
region (Via Lata). Jolivet proposes identifications for all but five
monuments or sites of the 12 (Curiosum) or 14 (Notitia) toponyms
listed.  While publishing new material pertaining to Regio VII, Jolivet
also illuminates the Regionary Catalogues and their use by scholars.
He has a short appendix on Antonio da Sangallo the Younger, UA 915v.
Carlo Pavolini, "L' 'Agrippina-Orante' di Villa Casale e la politica
religiosa degli imperatori sul Celio" (309-34), focuses on another
relatively obscure area of Rome.  Archaeological material directs him
to religious aspects of the Caelian, and he stresses the locale as a
site for oriental cults.  Most interesting is his argument that the
Basilica Hilariana (re-excavated 1987-2000) was the meeting hall of the
dendrophori who annually carried the sacred pine tree (or rather shoot)
from it to the Magna Mater sanctuary on the Palatine.  The title is a
bit of a teaser, since Agrippina's statue is discussed briefly and only
the religious policy of Claudius and Antoninus Pius is explored.
(Muzzioli, Zevi and Tucci, whose articles I discuss with others
centering on the Marble Plan, help clarify the difficult Circus
Flaminius area.)

With fascinating information and some dispute, many articles
(re-)investigate fragments of the FUR and/or fragments of other marble
plans found in Rome.  Roberto Meneghini, "La cartografia antica e il
catasto di Roma imperiale" (205-18), provides a useful overview of this
kind of cartography.  His real focus is on the eight marble fragments
of plans found in and around Rome that do not belong to the Severan
Marble Plan (now represented by 1187 fragments).  Basic to his
argument, which builds on that of C. Nicolet and others for a cadastre
of Rome beginning in the Augustan period,[[1]] is the new fragment of
the FUR found in recent excavations at the Forum of Peace.  This piece,
showing part of the northwest side of the Circus Maximus, unusually
preserves traces of a red line on the commonly understood boundary
between Regio X and Regio XI.  But Meneghini also analyzes the other
marble fragments of plans, the earliest of which he dates to 54/61 CE,
and discusses inscriptions from around Rome that cite vici and viae.
The following article, "Sui portici raffigurati nella lastra di Via
Anicia" by Maria Pia Muzzioli (219-37), concentrates on one of the
non-FUR fragments, though without mentioning Meneghini's work (further,
the dates proposed for the fragment differ on pages 210 and 224). The
Via Anicia fragment depicts part of the controversial Circus Flaminius
area. Muzzioli's focus is on the two porticoes it outlines facing the
Tiber and the Circus Flaminius. Adducing information from excavations
from the turn into the 20th century, she suggests that the porticoes
may date to the end of the first or the second century CE.  But she
refers to Livy 40.51.6 to imply that the build up of this area began
much earlier, at the end of the third century BCE.

Two other articles use the Via Anicia fragment to explore the Circus
Flaminius region. (Both refer to Muzzioli's article in the book's rare
cross-references.)  Fausto Zevi, "Minucia frumentaria, crypta Balbi,
circus Flaminius: note in margine" (451-64), builds explicitly from
Muzzioli's arguments. Zevi reassesses porticoes located in or near this
area, aiming in part at F. Coarelli's often published understanding of
the Porticus Minucia Vetus and the temple of the Via delle Botteghe
Oscure. Bringing together visual material and epigraphic arguments,
Zevi identifies what is depicted on the Via Anicia fragment as the
(Porticus) Minucia Frumentaria of the mid-first century CE.  He argues
that this was a plebeian space open to the Circus Flaminius, and that
the Circus itself, paved by Augustus' time, served as the gathering
place for grain distribution. Pier Luigi Tucci, "Imagining the temple
of Castor and Pollux in Circo Flaminio" (411-25), starts with the
importance of including elevations and sections when analyzing
monuments of Rome. Had this been done for the building excavated in
1996 in the Piazza delle Cinque Scole, he contends, no one could have
rashly identified it as the Temple of Castor and Pollux in Circo
Flaminio (see, e.g., LTUR V [1999], 234-35, s.v. Castor et Pollux in
Circo [P. Ciancio Rossetto]). Tucci tentatively identifies the
relatively small structure as the Secretarium Circi documented in the
late fourth through sixth centuries CE, or even as a synagogue.

Disputed readings of FUR fragments inspire three papers. Domenico
Palombi, "FUR, fr. 18a [--]astoris:  una lettura alternativa?"
(279-91), examines a fragment Dr. Steinby has herself investigated, FUR
fr. 18a. On the grounds of its many incongruities with the Forum's
topography, Palombi argues strongly against the conventional placement
of this fragment in the Forum and its reading as [aedes C] astoris.
Nor does he accept the compromise, that fr. 18a is from a Flavian
predecessor of the Marble Plan, since he doubts that the Flavian Temple
of Peace exhibited a marble plan identical to the FUR in material,
form, dimensions, and the like.  Palombi proposes that the fragment is
now misplaced; he suggests expansion as Lacus Pastoris and location on
the slope of the Oppian towards the valley between the Oppian and the
Caelian.  Christer Bruun, "Aqueductium e statio aquarum.  La sede della
cura aquarum di Roma" (1-13), returns to a topic he first explored with
Dr. Steinby at the Lacus Iuturnae:  where was the oversight of Rome's
water supply organized?  He focuses on the puzzling Aqueductium incised
on FUR, fr. 4.  Turning to linguistic arguments and late Latin, Bruun
rejects earlier interpretations, proposing instead that this
Aqueductium located by the FUR on the Caelian indicates where
administration of Rome's aqueducts was headquartered (perhaps in the
second century CE). Filippo Coarelli, "Horrea Cornelia?" (41-46), takes
on S. Tuck's identification of the Horrea Cornelia (e.g., in LTUR V
[1999], 263).  Noting that this would effectively bring down the dating
of opus incertum to the time of Sulla, thus overthrowing the entire
history of building construction in Rome in the second and first
centuries BCE, Coarelli attacks Tuck's argument on epigraphic and other
grounds. Coarelli re-asserts the usual reading of the disputed fragment
as [NAVA]LIA and as showing part of the emporium constructed early in
the second century BCE with opus incertum.

Two fascinating epigraphic articles elucidate lower administrative
levels in Rome. Werner Eck, "Procurator, nicht curator operum
publicorum:  zu einem ritterlichen Funktionstraeger in AE 1917/18, 111"
(47-53), re-examines a fragmentary small inscribed base dedicating a
statue in 152 to Silvanus for the wellbeing of the Augusti. Eck
dismantles the commonly accepted restoration of the dedicator as a
curator operum publicorum identified as L. Petronius Sabinus suff. cos.
145, persuasively arguing that the dedicator is a procurator of low or
mid equestrian standing.  This emendation reaffirms the general rule
within Rome that equestrian functionaries mediated between senatorial
office holders (e.g., the curatores aedium sacrarum et operum
locorumque publicorum), and the imperial freedmen and slaves doing the
work of that office. Silvio Panciera, "Domus Augustana" (293-308),
rigorously investigates all inscriptions documenting Domus Augustana -
Augustiana - Augusta, starting with a (now misplaced) inscription
recording Domus Augustana that was found in a 1985 survey of the lower
peristyle of the "Domus Flavia."  Although the pertinent inscriptions
total less than 20, Panciera convincingly shows that the term Domus
Augustiana appeared in the Neronian/Flavian period and continued into
the second century, and that Domus Augustana dates to the second and
third centuries.  He distinguishes various functionaries who worked to
maintain the building and institution of the official residence of the
emperor on the Palatine.  Both articles are models of clarity and
precision.

Other parts of the Palatine figure in three articles.  Henry Hurst,
"The 'Murus Romuli' at the northern corner of the Palatine and the
Porta Romanula: a progress report" (79-102), relies on the geology of
the area and building phases to disentangle the many different
structures clustered here.  Hurst argues that this was the location of
the Porta Romanula of a "Romulean" wall, and he suggests that remnants
of the Porta were visible here until the Domitianic-Trajanic rebuilding
of the area.  Patrizio Pensabene, "Portici, sostruzioni, condotte
idriche e quartieri di servizi del santuario della Magna Mater sul
Palatino" (335-60), with excellent plans and illustrations of the
sanctuary of the Magna Mater, explores the scrappy remains of its
secondary building and use, including for  (by?) fullers and service
people. (Associating the build-up of this corner of the Palatine with
Rome's embrace of expansionism in the early third century BCE, on p.
336 Pensabene oddly dates the Temple of Magna Mater to 304-291 BCE.)
Pensabene identifies one structure in the sector of the Palatine as the
cult center to the Argei. Timothy P. Wiseman, "Three notes on the
triumphal route" (445-49), revises and expressly challenges Coarelli's
proposed route with its "ritually fossilized" (p. 446) detours.
Wiseman identifies the Velabrum as a specific spot rather than the
whole area between the Capitoline and the Palatine; he argues that the
procession went around rather than through the spina of the Circus
Maximus (although he does not say on which side the procession then
went); and he proposes that the triumphal route, a long and devious
route through varied parts of the city, changed over time and according
to the length and displays of the triumphal procession itself.  (This
last contention corresponds with M. Beard, The Roman Triumph [2007].)

Paolo Liverani,  "Osservazioni sui rostri del Foro Romano in eta\
tardoantica" (169-93), is one of five articles attending to Rome of the
third century CE or later.  Through careful analysis of archaeology,
visual evidence (e.g., the adlocutio scene on the Arch of Constantine),
literary references (including a new reading of Amm. Marc. 16.10.14),
and the Regionary Catalogues, Liverani convincingly maintains that
under the tetrarchs the Forum was renovated to emphasize equally the
two rostra on its short sides. The plan contributed to the Forum's
renewed importance for ceremony in late antiquity.  Livorani's
illustrations are excellent, although map scales would be useful and
his fig. 1 should include the Templum divi Iulii. Russell T. Scott,
"The later history of the 'Domus delle Vestali'" (397-409), also
provides a meticulous and up-to-date site plan (without a north arrow,
however) as he explores the second- through fourth-century (CE) history
of the complicated structure known as the House of the Vestals.  Like
others, he takes the opportunity of this Festschrift to present new
findings: in his case, from the 2004-05 seasons excavating the House's
south and east sides.  Scott reconfirms the Trajanic date for the
design of the structure now visible, and outlines the hard times of the
Domus in the fourth century. Riccardo Santangeli Valenzani, "Il
vescovo, il drago e le vergini.  Paesaggio urbano e paesaggio del mito
nella leggenda di S. Silvestro e il drago" (379-95), moves into even
later periods.  Assessing the changing hagiographic tradition about
Saint Sylvester, the bishop of Rome considered instrumental in
Constantine's Christianity, Santangeli Valenzani focuses on the setting
for Sylvester's miraculous appeasement of a dragon that was terrorizing
Rome.  Despite featuring virgins in the earlier (fourth-century) strand
of Sylvester's Lives, the miracle has only a very vague setting "at
Rome," cannot be connected with the Vestal Virgins or the
Forum/Capitoline area, and derives from archetypal origin myths rather
than real historic events. [For a fourth article on the Roman Forum,
see the discussion below of Kajava.]

Two of the articles on later Rome look outside the Forum Romanum.
Eugenio La Rocca and Paul Zanker contribute one of the volume's
best-illustrated pieces, "Il ritratto colossale di Costantino dal Foro
di Traiano" (145-68).  This study authoritatively publishes the
colossal Carrara marble head of Constantine found in 2005 in a drainage
ditch at the southeast perimeter wall of Trajan's Forum.  Calculating
from the head's measurements that the whole statue would have been more
than four meters high (larger than other extant portraits from this
Forum), the authors show that Constantine's portrait is the product of
two recuttings (perhaps a portrait of Caligula or Claudius later recut
to resemble Constantius Chlorus).  They use the occasion to discuss
Constantinian building programs in Rome, Constantine's portraiture, and
the reworking and reuse of earlier statuary.  They hazard the
hypothesis that the portrait was displayed in Trajan's Forum from the
fourth through seventh century.   Federico Guidobaldi, "Una domus
tardoantica e la sua trasformazione in chiesa dei SS. Quirico et
Giulitta" (55-78), scrutinizes a small church near the present-day
Torre dei Conti.    On the basis of  archival plans of Rome,
projections of the building, architecture, and the history of urban
changes in that area, Guidobaldi argues that this church does not date
to the "Byzantine" era (the sixth century, as  maintained by S. Corbett
in R. Krautheimer et al., Corpus Basilicarum Christianarum Romae, V
[1976], 35-48), but is rather two centuries earlier. Guidobaldi also
reveals that a polygonal apse once graced where the entrance now is.
The dense piece illuminates an interesting area of Rome often
overshadowed by the "fire wall" of Augustus' Forum.

Religious experience in Rome is at the heart of two articles (as well
as Pavolini's piece on the Caelian, discussed above).  Mika Kajava, "Ex
oraculo" (127-32), addresses the rare epigraphic references to oracles
(oraculum) that have been found in Rome, including ones identified by
ex responso.  Four (IGUR 94-97) were found in the Roman Forum or its
proximity.  Building on L. Moretti's remarks in IGUR and on other
scholarship, Kajava interprets the inscriptions as connected to the
disastrous plague of 165/166; he tentatively supposes that the emperors
consulted the oracle of Clarus and were moved to inscribe its responses
on a monument in the northern part of the Forum. But he does not
address who was responsible for installing this monument, and
reproduction of the texts he discusses would clarify his argument.
Inge Nielsen, "Cultic Theatres and Ritual Drama in ancient Rome"
(239-55), summarizes and expands on earlier work (her book of 2002 and
article of 2004).  Defining ritual drama in part as "non-literary
dramas based on the myth of the deity in the sanctuary in question and
performed at the great seasonal feasts" (p. 239), Nielsen uses literary
and archaeological evidence to argue for performance of such dramas in
Rome through the time of Ovid.  On the basis of architectural design,
she concludes that the predecessors of Rome's temple/theater complexes
were in central Italy (e.g., Praeneste, Iuvanum).

Two articles address Rome's topography and economy. Daniele Manacorda,
"Il Laterano e la produzione ceramica a Roma: aspetti del paesaggio
urbano" (195-204), begins with the difficult crux of the relationship
between the "aedes Lateranorum" and the "aedes Laterani." He then more
fruitfully explores the name Lateranus and various small sites of
brick, tile, and ceramic making in Rome.  This useful overview would be
even more valuable if accompanied by a plan showing the places
mentioned in the text; also helpful would be reference to Chioffi's
figlinae in Regio XIV. Nicholas Purcell, in "The horti of Rome and the
landscape of property" (361-77), argues from Pliny HN 19.49-56, the
Digest, and other sources that we should understand the city's horti as
income-producing property, not simply "pleasure gardens."  In horti
pozzolana was quarried, land was tilled for high and low quality
produce, and burials could be conducted.  Purcell uses the changing
names of many horti to indicate the fluid nature of property holding in
what he calls the "peri-urban" setting of Rome.  Drawing parallels to
other pre-industrial cities, he discerns a "world of competition,
anxiety, and incessant change...in the landscape around [Rome]" (p.
373).

The remaining five articles of the volume are more difficult to group,
although all repay reading.  Lynne C. Lancaster, "The brick relieving
arch and urban redevelopment in ancient Rome" (133-44), argues briskly
that although "relieving" arches are known earlier in Rome, once
brick-making expanded in the first-century BCE the use of such arches
was developed as a way to build over previous walls and constructions.
She defines such arches as "any arch built into a wall to relieve
something underneath it from the load of the structure above" (p. 133).
They provided multi-axial funneling of weight.  This enabled a great
deal of construction in the Flavian period and especially the Trajanic
one, and by the Severan period they had become a standard
constructional element.  Lancaster's illustrations are meticulous. Also
outstanding are the 21 illustrations accompanying James E. Packer's
"Drawing Pompey:  Three Centuries of Documenting Pompey's Theater
(1833-2006)" (257-78).  Packer canvasses plans of the Theater of Pompey
from those made by Victor Baltard (at the E/cole franc,aise de Rome
1834-1838) to new ones refined with the help of GPS.  Packer shows that
Baltard's 1837 plan is quite accurate; with some adjustments it can
serve to fill in information now lost. Andrew Wilson, "The castra of
Frontinus" (439-44), investigates the meaning of Frontinus' castra, one
of the (many) uncertain terms in Frontinus' priceless treatise on
Rome's aqueducts.  Following Bruun's 1991 suggestion that castra is a
term used for collecting tanks for water that was then to go to
castella for distribution throughout the city,[[2]] Wilson discusses
the archaeological evidence for such tanks (unfortunately, without a
map).  He also provides a table of numbers of water elements and
deliveries to them in quinaria by aqueduct line, according to
Frontinus' figures.

Rita Volpe, "Le Terme di Traiano e la 'xystiche synodos'" (427-37),
uses as springboard the excavations of 2003-2006 in the southwest
corner of the Terme di Traiano on the Oppian Hill. Volpe reaffirms the
identification of the exedra here as a "library," but expands this
concept by use of epigraphic and other evidence. Fundamental to her
argument is her view of the innovative design of these baths that she
credits to Apollodorus of Damascus.  The expansive structure featured
two main parts, the baths proper and a gymnasium. The oversight of the
two, although distinct, was given to a xystarch who was connected with
the iera xystiche synodos of athletes, suggesting that the athletic
component had greater significance.  The final piece in the volume, by
Adam Ziolkowski, "Prolegomena to any future methaphysics (sic) on
Agrippa's Pantheon" (465-76), turns to the Augustan era (rarely
represented in this volume).  Beginning with the 1995-97 excavations in
the Piazza della Rotonda that renewed debate on the Pantheon's early
phases, Ziolkowski argues against the "hasty conclusion" that the
original structure was somehow similar to what we see today.  He holds
that in Agrippa's day such a large dome would have been impossible from
an engineering standpoint, and that the suggested "tambour without a
dome" has no design parallels.  But his main aim is to reread two
texts:  the famous inscription across the fac,ade (CIL VI 896/1:  M.
Agrippa L. f. tert. fecit), and Dio's report on the Pantheon,
53.27.2-3. Ziolkowski argues that the inscription is not a copy of
Agrippa's original, and that the Pantheon underwent a "change of
character" between its founding in 25 BCE and the fire of 110 CE.
Suggested emendations of Dio's corrupt text accompany his contention
that the original Pantheon could not have been a dynastic shrine or one
associated with the cult of Romulus or a living person in Rome.  Yet in
the end he does not really explain what was the nature of Agrippa's
Pantheon, or what it looked like.

The 29 articles present new and interesting material and
interpretation.  Scholarship is sharp and nearly always fresh; the 169
illustrations are almost uniformly sharp (especially those of the FUR);
and there are generally few typos (but see below). The volume may
appear somewhat daunting, however, not only for its length and price.
It lacks an index, and I found only two cross-references. Many of the
articles in English seem not fully edited. At times the problem is
simply a typo (as in the running head of Wilson's article that reads
"Fontius" rather than "Frontinus") or the absence of standard format or
spelling (as "methaphysics" in Ziolkowski's title). Purcell's
"cod-Virigilian hexameters" (p. 365) was incomprehensible to me, even
though I realized "Virigilian" was a typo.  More serious difficulties
come from words being dropped, as repeatedly in Hurst's dense piece
(e.g., p. 81: "suggesting that the lower sloping surface of was cut").
More generally, illustrations would enhance a few of the articles
(noted above).  Plans could beneficially include the villas, modern
streets, and other toponyms appearing in the relevant text; vice versa,
an article's figures should be signaled in the narrative.  But readers
should not be deterred by these minor points. The students and
collaborators of Dr. Steinby have put together a most valuable
contribution. Their research and engagement with one another and other
scholars underscore the vibrancy of Roman topography and its continuing
development, as well as reflect the generous inspiration and rigorous
standards of Dr. Steinby herself.

Table of Contents (for full titles of articles see above):

Premessa
F. Millar, Dedicated to Eva Margareta Steinby
Eva Margareta Steinby:  nota introduttiva e bibliografica
C. Bruun, Aqueductium e statio aquarum... 1-13
L. Chioffi, Regio XIV: Hercules Campanus e dintorni... 15-40
F. Coarelli, Horrea Cornelia? 41-46
W. Eck, Procurator, nicht curator operum publicorum...  47-53
F. Guidobaldi, Una domus tardoantica e la sua trasformazione ...  55-78
H. Hurst, "The 'Murus Romuli'...  79-102
V. Jolivet, La localisation des toponymes ... 103-25
M. Kajava, Ex oraculo  127-32
L. C. Lancaster, The brick relieving arch ...  133-44
E. La Rocca - P. Zanker, Il ritratto colossale di Costantino dal Foro
di Traiano  145-68
P. Liverani, Osservazioni sui rostri del Foro Romano ...  169-93
D. Manacorda, Il Laterano e la produzione ceramica a Roma ... 195-204
R. Meneghini, La cartografia antica e il catasto di Roma imperiale
205-18
M. P. Muzzioli, Sui portici raffigurati nella lastra di via Anicia
219-37
I. Nielsen, Cultic Theatres and Ritual Drama in ancient Rome  239-55
J. E. Packer, Three Centuries of Documenting Pompey's Theater ...
257-78
D. Palombi, FUR, fr. 18a [- - -]astoris: una lettura alternativa?
279-91
S. Panciera, Domus augustana  293-308
C. Pavolini,  ... La politica religiosa degli imperatori sul Celio
309-34
P. Pensabene, Portici ... del santuario della Magna Mater sul Palatino
335-60
N. Purcell; The horti of Rome and the landscape of property  361-77
R. Santangeli Valenzani, ... Paesaggio .. nella leggenda di S.
Silvestro e il drago 379-95
R. T. Scott, The later history of the "Domus delle Vestali"  397-409
P. L. Tucci, ... Temple of Castor and Pollux in Circo Flaminio  411-25
Rita Volpe, Le Terme di Traiano ... 427-37
A. Wilson, The castra of Frontinus 439-44
T.P. Wiseman, Three notes on the triumphal route  445-49
F. Zevi, Minucia frumentaria, Crypta Balbi, Circus Flaminius...  451-64
A. Ziolkowsky, ... Agrippa's Pantheon  465-76
------------------
Notes:


1.    See C. Nicolet, "La Table d'He/racle/e et les origines du
cadastre romain," in L'Urbs - Espace urbain et histoire, CEFR 98 (1987)
1-25.

2.    C. Bruun, The water supply of ancient Rome:  A study of Roman
Imperial administration (1991).