How to do complex graphics output efficiently?

Hi,

I've never developed a game before, and I wonder how to do complex graphics
output efficiently. Currently, I dont't want to use a framework, just want
to learn some basics.

So far, it's about these two issues:

1. In 2D games, You often have objects behaving equally, e.g. a swarm of
birds, all flapping with their wings - sometimes even asynchronous. From my
point of view there seem to be two possible solutions: (a) Using animated
GIFs (b) Using one object with several image layers, which could be drawn
individually using Flyweight objects with timers/counters.

2. How to make a 3D view with e.g. animated animals, fog, etc.? I want to
use Java, Ogre4J seems to be inactice since 2009, JOGL seems rather basic,
so is there any good framework to draw animated 3D objects?

Kind regards
Peter

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