CVS: data/Aircraft/Cub Cub-electrical.xml, NONE, 1.1 Cub-set.xml, NONE, 1.1 Cub_FDM.xml, NONE, 1.1 copying.txt, NONE, 1.1 pilot_notes, NONE, 1.1 readme.txt, NONE, 1.1 splash.png, NONE, 1.1 thumbnail.jpg, NONE, 1.1
Erik Hofman <[email protected]> Mon, 12 Apr 2010 07:07:06 -0500
| Newsgroups | gmane.games.flightgear.cvc |
|---|---|
| Message-ID | <[email protected]> |
Update of /var/cvs/FlightGear-0.9/data/Aircraft/Cub
In directory baron.flightgear.org:/tmp/cvs-serv18415/Cub
Added Files:
Cub-electrical.xml Cub-set.xml Cub_FDM.xml copying.txt
pilot_notes readme.txt splash.png thumbnail.jpg
Log Message:
Replace Devid Megginsons version of the j3cub with the excellent work of karla from the forum. Signed off by David.
--- NEW FILE "Cub-electrical.xml" ---
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!-- The cub doesn't really have an electrical system but let's give -->
<!-- it a little bit of something since we don't have a virtual ground -->
<!-- crew to go out and flip the prop for us. -->
<PropertyList>
<!-- Supplier list -->
<supplier>
<name>Battery 1</name>
<prop>/systems/electrical/suppliers/battery[0]</prop>
<kind>battery</kind>
<volts>28</volts> <!-- needs to be > 24.5, but this is a guess -->
<amps>60</amps> <!-- I have no idea! -->
</supplier>
<supplier>
<name>Alternator 1</name>
<prop>/systems/electrical/suppliers/alternator[0]</prop>
<kind>alternator</kind>
<rpm-source>/engines/engine[0]/rpm</rpm-source>
<volts>28</volts> <!-- stubbed in -->
<amps>60</amps> <!-- from the 172S Skyhawk Information Manual -->
</supplier>
<!-- Bus list -->
<bus>
<name>Master Bus</name>
<prop>/systems/electrical/outputs/bus[0]</prop>
<prop>/systems/electrical/outputs/transponder</prop>
</bus>
<!-- Generic Outputs -->
<output>
<name>Starter 1 Power</name>
<prop>/systems/electrical/outputs/starter[0]</prop>
</output>
<output>
<name>Landing Light Power</name>
<prop>/systems/electrical/outputs/landing-light</prop>
</output>
<output>
<name>Beacon Power</name>
<prop>/systems/electrical/outputs/beacon</prop>
</output>
<output>
<name>Strobe Lights Power</name>
<prop>/systems/electrical/outputs/strobe-lights</prop>
</output>
<output>
<name>Taxi Lights Power</name>
<prop>/systems/electrical/outputs/taxi-lights</prop>
</output>
<output>
<name>Pitot Heat Power</name>
<prop>/systems/electrical/outputs/pitot-heat</prop>
</output>
<!-- connect in power sources -->
<connector>
<input>Alternator 1</input>
<output>Master Bus</output>
<switch>
<prop>/controls/engines/engine[0]/master-alt</prop>
</switch>
</connector>
<connector>
<input>Battery 1</input>
<output>Master Bus</output>
<switch>
<prop>/controls/engines/engine[0]/master-bat</prop>
</switch>
</connector>
<!-- connect starter output -->
<connector>
<input>Master Bus</input>
<output>Starter 1 Power</output>
<switch>
<prop>/controls/engines/engine[0]/starter</prop>
<initial-state>off</initial-state>
</switch>
</connector>
<!-- connect master bus outputs -->
<connector>
<input>Master Bus</input>
<output>Landing Light Power</output>
<switch>
<prop>/controls/switches/landing-light</prop>
</switch>
</connector>
<connector>
<input>Master Bus</input>
<output>Beacon Power</output>
<switch>
<prop>/controls/switches/flashing-beacon</prop>
</switch>
</connector>
<connector>
<input>Master Bus</input>
<output>Strobe Lights Power</output>
<switch>
<prop>/controls/switches/strobe-lights</prop>
</switch>
</connector>
<connector>
<input>Master Bus</input>
<output>Taxi Lights Power</output>
<switch>
<prop>/controls/switches/taxi-lights</prop>
</switch>
</connector>
<connector>
<input>Master Bus</input>
<output>Pitot Heat Power</output>
<switch>
<prop>/controls/switches/pitot-heat</prop>
</switch>
</connector>
</PropertyList>
--- NEW FILE "Cub-set.xml" ---
<?xml version="1.1"?>
<!--
************************************************************************
Piper J-3 Cub simulation configuration. This files ties together all the components
used by FGFS to represent the J-3 Cub. Components include the flight data
model, instrument panel, and external 3D model.
************************************************************************
version 2.0 090410-->
<PropertyList>
<sim>
<description>Piper J-3 Cub (J3C-65, 1946 model)</description>
<author>David Megginson (3D, FDM), Jim Wilson (Instruments), Don Lavelle (3D remodel, instrument mods, pilot mods, effects, livery)</author>
<flight-model>yasim</flight-model>
<aero>Cub_FDM</aero>
<fuel-fraction>0.8</fuel-fraction>
<startup>
<splash-texture>Aircraft/Cub/splash.png</splash-texture>
</startup>
<systems>
<electrical>
<path>Aircraft/Cub/Cub-electrical.xml</path>
</electrical>
</systems>
<sound>
<path>Aircraft/Generic/generic-sound.xml</path>
</sound>
<panel>
<visibility archive="n">false</visibility>
</panel>
<model>
<path archive="y">Aircraft/Cub/Models/Cub.xml</path>
</model>
<!-- pilot viewpoint x=y y=z z=x ? -->
<view>
<internal archive="y">true</internal>
<config>
<x-offset-m archive="y">0</x-offset-m>
<y-offset-m archive="y">-0.15</y-offset-m>
<z-offset-m archive="y">0.6</z-offset-m>
<pitch-offset-deg>-8</pitch-offset-deg>
</config>
</view>
<help>
<title>Piper J-3 Cub</title>
<line>cruise speed: 70 mph (61 kt)</line>
<line>never exceed (Vne): 122 mph (106 kt)</line>
<line>best glide (Vglide): 60 mph (52 kt)</line>
<line>maneuvering (Va): 70 mph (61 kt)</line>
<line>approach speed: 50-60 mph (44-52 kt)</line>
<line>stall speed (Vs): 38 mph (33 kt)</line>
<line></line>
<line>hit d to open/close door</line>
<line></line>
<line>aerotow:</line>
<line>place Cub within 60m of a glider</line>
<line>glider pilot presses Ctrl-o to hook up</line>
<line>Ctrl-O to detach tow</line>
<key>
<name>d</name>
<desc>open/close door</desc>
</key>
<key>
<name>o</name>
<desc>lock aerotow-hook</desc>
</key>
<key>
<name>O</name>
<desc>open aerotow-hook</desc>
</key>
</help>
<menubar include="Dialogs/Cub-menu.xml"/>
<hitches>
<!-- make sure some properties do exist, when the list for multiplayer transfer is defined-->
<!-- they need to be in the same value, as they are initilized in the FDM, to get the same values after reset
should fix this somehow-->
<aerotow>
<tow>
<length type="float">60</length>
<elastic-constant type="float">10000</elastic-constant>
<weight-per-m-kg-m type="float">1</weight-per-m-kg-m>
<dist type="float">1</dist>
<connected-to-property-node type="bool"></connected-to-property-node>
<brake-force type="float">100000</brake-force>
<connected-to-ai-or-mp-callsign type ="string">*</connected-to-ai-or-mp-callsign>
<end-force-x type ="float">0</end-force-x>
<end-force-y type ="float">0</end-force-y>
<end-force-z type ="float">0</end-force-z>
</tow>
<speed-in-tow-direction type="float">0</speed-in-tow-direction>
<open type="bool">true</open>
<local-pos-x type="float">0</local-pos-x>
<local-pos-y type="float">0</local-pos-y>
<local-pos-z type="float">0</local-pos-z>
<is-slave type="bool">false</is-slave>
</aerotow>
</hitches>
</sim>
<yasim>
<Cub>
<pilot-lb>180</pilot-lb>
</Cub>
</yasim>
<controls>
<flight>
<aileron-trim>0.0025</aileron-trim> <!-- fixed -->
<elevator-trim>0.00</elevator-trim> <!-- controllable -->
<rudder-trim>0.075</rudder-trim> <!-- fixed -->
</flight>
<engines>
<engine n="0">
<magnetos>3</magnetos>
</engine>
</engines>
<door>1.0</door>
<aerotow>
<find-aircraft type="bool">false</find-aircraft>
</aerotow>
</controls>
<engines>
<engine>
<rpm type="double">0</rpm>
</engine>
</engines>
<!-- An autopilot on a Cub??? -->
<autopilot>
<config>
<min-climb-speed-kt type="float">48.0</min-climb-speed-kt>
<best-climb-speed-kt type="float">56.0</best-climb-speed-kt>
<target-climb-rate-fpm type="float">400.0</target-climb-rate-fpm>
<target-descent-rate-fpm type="float">1000.0</target-descent-rate-fpm>
<elevator-adj-factor type="float">6000.0</elevator-adj-factor>
<integral-contribution type="float">0.008</integral-contribution>
<zero-pitch-throttle type="float">0.35</zero-pitch-throttle>
<zero-pitch-trim-full-throttle type="float">0.001</zero-pitch-trim-full-throttle>
</config>
</autopilot>
<input>
<keyboard>
<key n="79">
<name>O</name>
<desc>Open aerotow hook</desc>
<binding>
<command>property-assign</command>
<property>/sim/hitches/aerotow/open</property>
<value type="bool">true</value>
</binding>
</key>
<key n="100">
<name>d</name>
<desc>Open/Close door</desc>
<binding>
<command>nasal</command>
<script>
if(getprop("controls/door[0]") > 0) {
interpolate("controls/door[0]", 0, 1);
} else {
interpolate("controls/door[0]", 1, 1);
}
</script>
</binding>
</key>
<key n="111">
<name>o</name>
<desc>Lock aerotow hook</desc>
<binding>
<command>property-assign</command>
<property>/sim/hitches/aerotow/open</property>
<value type="bool">false</value>
</binding>
</key>
</keyboard>
</input>
<nasal>
<Cub>
<file>Aircraft/Cub/Nasal/immat.nas</file>
</Cub>
</nasal>
</PropertyList>
--- NEW FILE "Cub_FDM.xml" ---
<?xml version="1.1"?>
<!--
************************************************************************
YASim aerodynamic model for a Piper J-3 Cub.
Started 2002-08-15 by David Megginson.
This aerodynamic model is based on three-views, unauthoritative
performance data, and wild guesses. These sites provided particularly
useful information or were simply fun to visit:
Performance data taken in 2002 from (broken link):
http://www.marss.com/cub.htm
Weight and balance taken in 2002 from (broken link):
http://www.danford.net/balance.htm
Fun paper model and information:
https://www.fiddlersgreen.net/models/Aircraft/Piper-Cub.html
The real thing:
http://www.legend.aero
The reference datum for measurements is the leading edge of the wing,
since it is what the weight-and-balance site above uses.
************************************************************************
-->
<!--
680lb empty weight.
-->
<!-- FIXME: this includes the engine; is that correct? -->
<airplane mass="680">
<!-- Approach configuration -->
<approach speed="20" aoa="15">
<control-setting axis="/controls/engines/engine[0]/throttle" value="0.5"/>
<control-setting axis="/controls/engines/engine[0]/mixture" value="1.0"/>
</approach>
<!-- Cruise configuration -->
<cruise speed="64" alt="0">
<control-setting axis="/controls/engines/engine[0]/throttle" value="0.75"/>
<control-setting axis="/controls/engines/engine[0]/mixture" value="0.75"/>
<control-setting axis="/controls/flight/elevator-trim" value="0.1"/>
</cruise>
<!-- pilot's eyepoint -->
<cockpit x="-0.23" y="0" z="-0.30"/>
<fuselage ax="1.37" ay="0" az="-0.71" bx="-4.81" by="0" bz="-0.65"
width="0.71" taper="0.16" midpoint="0.17"/>
<!--
I treat it as a perfectly rectangular wing for now. Note that
the dihedral is exaggerated to simulate hull-interference effects
on a high-wing aircraft; once YASim models that properly, the
angle should be reduced to something like 2 degrees.
Note that the J-3 Cub has no flaps. With a stall speed of 25kt, who
needs them? From what I've read, the ailerons add lots of drag.
-->
<wing x="-0.80" y="0.42" z="0.0" taper="1.0" incidence="2" twist="-3"
length="4.87" chord="1.60" sweep="0" dihedral="5" camber="0.1">
<stall aoa="18" width="4" peak="1.5"/>
<flap0 start=".31" end="0.85" lift="1.5" drag="1.4"/>
<control-input axis="/controls/flight/aileron" control="FLAP0" split="true"/>
<control-input axis="/controls/flight/aileron-trim" control="FLAP0" split="true"/>
<control-output control="FLAP0" side="left"
prop="/surface-positions/left-aileron-pos-norm"/>
<control-output control="FLAP0" side="right"
prop="/surface-positions/right-aileron-pos-norm"/>
</wing>
<hstab x="-4.87" y="0.05" z="-0.42" taper="0.8" effectiveness="1.24"
length="1.49" chord="1.13" sweep="0">
<stall aoa="16" width="4" peak="1.5"/>
<flap0 start="0" end="1" lift="1.4" drag="1.2"/>
<control-input axis="/controls/flight/elevator" control="FLAP0"/>
<control-input axis="/controls/flight/elevator-trim" control="FLAP0"/>
<control-output control="FLAP0" prop="/surface-positions/elevator-pos-norm"/>
</hstab>
<!-- rudder has to be able to counteract aileron drag -->
<vstab x="-4.87" y="0" z="-0.65" taper="0.38" effectiveness="2.0"
length="1.31" chord="1.37" sweep="0" incidence="1.5">
<stall aoa="16" width="4" peak="1.5"/>
<flap0 start="0" end="1" lift="2.0" drag="1.2"/>
<control-input axis="/controls/flight/rudder" control="FLAP0" invert="true"/>
<control-input axis="/controls/flight/rudder-trim" control="FLAP0" invert="true"/>
<control-output control="FLAP0" prop="/surface-positions/rudder-pos-norm"
min="1" max="-1"/>
</vstab>
<!-- FIXME: engine mass (just a guess; it's a small engine) -->
<!-- Assume 75% power at 8000ft -->
<propeller radius="0.90"
cruise-speed="70" cruise-rpm="2150"
cruise-alt="8000" cruise-power="49"
takeoff-power="55" takeoff-rpm="2300"
eng-power="65" eng-rpm="2500"
x="0.71" y="0" z="-0.65" mass="150" moment="4">
<actionpt x="1.31" y="0" z="-0.65"/>
<control-input axis="/controls/engines/engine[0]/throttle" control="THROTTLE"/>
<control-input axis="/controls/engines/engine[0]/starter" control="STARTER"/>
<control-input axis="/controls/engines/engine[0]/magnetos" control="MAGNETOS"/>
<control-input axis="/controls/engines/engine[0]/mixture" control="MIXTURE"/>
</propeller>
<gear x="-5.155" y="0" z="-0.785" compression="0.05"> <!-- tailwheel -->
<control-input axis="/controls/flight/rudder" control="STEER"
src0="-1.0" src1="1.0"
dst0="0.5" dst1="-0.5"/>
</gear>
<gear x="0.03" y="0.910" z="-1.852" compression="0.02"> <!-- left main -->
<control-input axis="/controls/gear/brake-left" control="BRAKE" split="true"/>
<control-input axis="/controls/gear/brake-parking" control="BRAKE" split="true"/>
</gear>
<gear x="0.03" y="-0.910" z="-1.852" compression="0.02"> <!-- right main -->
<control-input axis="/controls/gear/brake-right" control="BRAKE" split="true"/>
<control-input axis="/controls/gear/brake-parking" control="BRAKE" split="true"/>
</gear>
<!-- There's just one 12-gallon tank, right behind the engine (!!!) -->
<tank x="-0.45" y="0" z="-0.89" capacity="72"/>
<!--
Note the tandem seating; the x values (arms) come from the
weight-and-balance page cited at the start.
-->
<ballast x="-4.0" y="0" z="-0.70" mass="-75"/>
<!-- pilot -->
<weight x="-0.91" y="0" z="-0.70" mass-prop="/yasim/Cub/pilot-lb"/>
<!-- passenger -->
<weight x="-0.23" y="0" z="-0.70" mass-prop="/yasim/Cub/passenger-lb"/>
<!-- hitch -->
<hitch name="aerotow" x="-5.0" y="0" z="-0.65" force-is-calculated-by-other="1">
<tow length="60" weight-per-meter="0.035" elastic-constant="9000" break-force="10000" mp-auto-connect-period="1.0"/>
<winch max-tow-length="1000" min-tow-length="60" initial-tow-length="60"/>
</hitch>
</airplane>
--- NEW FILE "copying.txt" ---
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--- NEW FILE "pilot_notes" ---
PIPER J-3 CUB PILOT'S NOTES AND PERFORMANCE DATA
================================================
CHECK LIST
chocks on
fuel quantity
controls movements
fuel on
magneto off
swing prop
magneto both
swing prop
chocks away
oil pressure
door close
S-taxi
all clear
throttle 1400
tachometer
ease throttle forward
100 feet ease tail up
stick neutral
back pressure to 10 feet altitude
stick neutral again
climb
fly
throttle back
carb heater
glide to runway
clear engine with throttle
at 15 feet back pressure
at 2 feet stick all way back
no need to brake
S-taxi
magneto off
tie down
[Here is information collected by David Megginson]
These are the only numbers I could find. They are for a J-3 Cub with
an 85HP engine rather than 65 hp, so some adjustments may be
necessary. The source is
http://www.evergreenfs.com/planedata.htm
Speeds
------
Best rate of climb (Vy): 65 mph (57 kt)
Best angle of climb (Vx): 55 mph (48 kt)
Cruise: 70 mph (61 kt)
Never-exceed (Vne): 122 mph (106 kt)
Best Glide (Vglide): 60 mph (52 kt)
Stall (Vs): 38 mph (33 kt)
Maneuvering (Va): 70 mph (61 kt)
Approach: 50-60 mph (44-52 kt)
Power
-----
Take off: full
Climb: 50 rpm below full
Cruise: 2300 rpm
Approach: 1200 rpm
Practice stalls: 1200 rpm
Distances
---------
Take-off: 450-800 ft
Landing: 200-800 ft
Fuel
----
Total fuel: 12 gal US
Usable fuel: 12 gal US
Grade: 80/87
GPH: 5 gal US/hr
[The following information is copied from the 1946 J3C-65 owner's handbook; DM 2002]
FLYING HINTS
The Piper Cub Special represents more than 15 years of diligent
aircraft engineering and manufacturing experience. Its simplicity of
design and construction, its low operating and maintenance costs, its
inherent stability, ruggedness, and its outstanding safety and ease of
flying, have made it the most popular airplane in aviation history.
The Piper Cub Special is the time-tested product of millions of hours
of flying under all conceivable conditions both in the military and in
peace time.
There are hints on starting, flying, stopping, and other related
topics that are important to the owner who wants to conserve his
airplane -- keep it in maximum airworthy condition -- and enjoy a full
measure of flying satisfaction.
First, each pilot should become familiar enough with his Piper Cub
Special that he can accomplish a satisfactory pre-flight inspection.
This check is simple and requires only a few minutes. Daily check of airplane prior to flight should be the
first in a number of safe flying habits the pilot should acquire.
A. BEFORE STARTING ENGINE
(1) Make routine check of gasoline supply. Visible fuel gauge is
integral part of gas tank cap; it will not show number of gallons but
will show proportion of fuel in tank by length of rod which extends
upward from cap. A full tank of 12 U.S. gallons will be indicated by
11 inches of rod extending beyond cap. Keep gas gauge rod clean and
smooth with crocus cloth for accuracy and freedom of movement.
(2) Check oil level in engine sump by removing oil cap and gauge. Oil
stick should indicate oil level up to index mark of 4 quarts.
(3) Check freedom of movement of flight and engine controls.
B. STARTING ENGINE
(1) Chock wheels, or have occupant who is familiar with controls set
brakes in cabin.
(2) Ignition switch OFF. Verify.
(3) Set throttle approximately 1/10 open.
(4) Push fuel shut-off ON.
(5) Turn propeller through several times.
(6) Turn ignition switch ON.
(7) Start engine by pulling propeller through with a snap.
CAUTION -- Always handle propeller as if switch were "ON." Stand as
far in front of propeller as possible. Use both hands and grasp one
blad approximately midway from tip. Do not overgrasp blade. Do not
wear long, loose clothing. Make sure footing is sure to preclude
possibility of feet slipping.
(8) If engine does not start, turn switch OFF. Turn primer knob to
unlock, pull out, pump three or four times, then reseat primer and
lock by turning in opposite direction. In extremely cold weather a
few strokes of the primer as the engine starts will enable it to keep
running. NOTE -- Avoid excessive priming as it causes raw gasoline to
wash lubricating oil from engine cylinder walls. Do not prime warm
engine.
(9) Repeat starting procedures 6, 7.
(10) If engine loads up and refuses to start, turn ignition switch
"OFF,", open throttle wide and turn propeller through backwards
several times to unload excessive gas mixture in cylinders. Then
close throttle and repeat starting procedure.
C. ENGINE WARM-UP
(1) As soon as engine starts, advance throttle slightly to idle at 700
R.P.M. Check engine instruments. If oil pressure gauge does not
indicate pressure within 30 seconds, stop engine immediately, check
and correct trouble before any further operation. Oil temperature
during operating should not rise above 200° F. and oil pressure should
not fall below 30 pounds. With engine warm, idling speed should be
550-600 R.P.M.
(2) Rev engine up to 2100 R.P.M. on both magnetos. Switch to LEFT and
RIGHT magnetos. R.P.M. drop should not be over 75 R.P.M. CAUTION
--Do not operate engine on either single magneto for more than 30
seconds at a time, as this tends to foul the non-operating spark plugs
in the ignition circuit of the magneto that is switched off.
D. STOPPING ENGINE
(1) Never cut switch immediately after landing as this causes engine
to cool too rapidly.
(2) Idle engine, especially in high temperature operating conditions,
for several minutes. It is advisable to switch to each magneto for 30
second intervals to allow gradual cooling of engine. This helps to
prevent overheating of spark plug insulators and will lessen tendency
for "after-firing."
(3) Check for carburetor heat OFF during idling.
E. TAXIING
(1) Open throttle to start airplane in motion; then close throttle to
a setting sufficient to keep airplane rolling. Do not keep throttle
advanced so that it is necessary to control taxi speed of airplane
with brakes. This causes unnecessary wear and tear on brakes and
tires.
(2) Taxi slowly (speed of a fast walk) controlling direction with
rudder which is connected to a steerable tail wheel. Use brakes only
for positive, precision ground control when necessary.
(3) Taxi upwind with stick back; downwind with stick foreward. When
ground winds are in excess of 15 M.P.H., turn into wind using ailerons
in direction of turn; apply ailerons away from the turn when turning
downwind. This procedure helps to prevent the wind "picking up" a
wing during windy, gusty conditions. Always make ground turns slowly.
F. GENERAL FLYING
(1) For takeoff use full throttle, heading into wind. Airplane loaded
will become airborne at approximately 39 M.P.H. Best climb speed is
an indicated 55 M.P.H.
(2) Indicated R.P.M. for cruising speed of 73 M.P.H. is 2150.
Take-off R.P.M. is 2300. Do not fly at full throttle over 3 minutes.
(3) Use CARBURETOR AIR HEAT when engine runs "rough" and tachometer
shows drop in R.P.M. which may be due to ice forming in carburetor.
Tachometer should recover to within 50 R.P.M. below normal when using
carburetor heat. Push heater to "OFF" position, and if icing
condition has been cleared, R.P.M. should return to normal. Continued
use of carburetor heat will only cause increased fuel consumption and
loss of power.
(4) Maximum permissible diving speed is 122 M.P.H.
G. APPROACH AND LANDING
(1) Push carburetor heat ON prior to throttling back for glide, or for
any other flight maneuver.
(2) Glide between 50-60 M.P.H. depending upon loading of airplane and
gust conditions.
NOTE -- "Clear" engine by opening throttle gently, every 200-250 feet
of descent during a long glide so that engine temperature will be
maintained.
Throttle action on the part of the pilot should be smooth and gentle
at all times.
H. PARKING AND MOORING
(1) After termination of flight, enter flying time in aircraft and
engine log books.
(2) Turn ignition and fuel OFF.
(3) Chock the wheels of airplane.
(4) If airplane is not to be flown for some time, it should be
hangared or tied down. Use good quality 1/2" - 5/8" diameter rope.
Secure to lift assist handle at aft end of fuselage; also at upper end
of both front wing lift struts where they attach to wing. Make sure
that rope passes between aileron cable and lift strut. Mooring ropes,
when airplane is tied down, should have no slack.
(5) Lock aileron and elevator controls by wrapping front seat belt
completely around rear control stick, tighten and buckle.
(6) Under excessively wind conditions, airplane should be tailed into
wind for mooring.
--- NEW FILE "readme.txt" ---
********************************************************************************
Piper J-3 Cub for FlightGear
********************************************************************************
Authors: Don Lavelle (model) David Megginson (FDM) Jim Wilson (instruments)
License: GPL (see file "COPYING.txt" for details)
********************************************************************************
INTRODUCTION
This light aircraft was fully modelled specially for FlightGear by Don Lavelle using Blender http://www.blender.org The project was started using drawings with permission from Toni Clark of
http://www.toni-clark.com and the many images that can be obtained from the net were used for details as the project developed; no direct copying of files was involved.
The XML files from the original FGFS aircraft, produced in 2002,
were used with small changes. The project took over 100 hours to complete.
REQUIREMENTS
You will probably need a decent PC to fly this aircraft; if the F-14 flies OK on your machine it will fly the Cub.
INSTALLATION
The Cub folder should contain everything necessary to fly this 'plane. If you have a compressed file, uncompress it to your data/Aircraft folder in FlightGear. An uncompressed Cub folder should likewise be moved to your FG%ROOT/Aircraft folder.
FEATURES
animated pilot
control surfaces
detailed 3D cabin interior
detailed canvas wings
eco-friendly exhaust fumes
high resolution details
'high tech' fuel indicator
joystick animation
opening door and window
optional tyre smoke (code in Cub.xml file)
paint livery template
spinning propeller
spinning wheels
tailwheel and rudder link
throttle animation
undercarriage suspension
user input registration markings
water spray on wheels
PILOT
See Pilot_Notes.txt for performance and other information.
PAINT KIT
To paint a new livery you can use paint_kit.xcf, which is a Gimp file. Labels are included to help you find your way round it, some of the objects are not orientated in an ideal manner, but should be useful anyway. An unsaturated layer has also been included.
MODELLING
The aircraft was modelled in Blender 2.49a. The philosophy behind the modelling was to create as much detail as possible - down to nuts and bolts â but minimizing vertices at the same time. It was decided to model the wing as fully as possible and avoid using the simplistic method of using textures to simulate the sagged canvas effect. Many small parts were based on cubes and complex shapes were avoided where possible; for example, cables were square sectioned rather than polygons. Some objects, such as the instrument panel, were constructed to higher resolution because they would be viewed close up. The panels around the nose were opened slightly to create small gaps usually seen on the fullsize aircraft and consequently black bulkheads had to be added to avoid light leakage. The fusela
ge was constructed as a whole and not in halves (so it is not exactly symmetrical) and there are several other examples of 'built by eye' objects. The vertex count is well over 10,000 which!
is ten times the original J3 Cub model but roughly equal to the 737 and less than the 747 and F-14. The model was built on
Toni Clark's drawing and over 70 photographs were used for details. UV maps were created from most objects using either smart projections or seams and straight unwrap. Less important objects eg. hinges, were moved to another layer and just coloured. After filesave and .ac export, a combined uv map was made by joining all objects which was exported to create a .tga guide.
IDEAS FOR THE FUTURE
animated figure to start the propeller
appropriate radio set
carb heater operation
change aerofoil from Clark Y to USA 35-B
change mesh to equal actual structure
change eg. cables and struts, to higher resolution
floats
fuel primer
ground shadow
improved engine details
interior lighting
magneto switch
new sounds
optional passenger
reflective glass on gauges
separate cabin model with extra detail
solidify selected panels
CREDITS
Emmanuel Baranger and Bertrand Augras for the model pilot
Dave Megginson for the FDM and his friendly support
Jim Wilson for instruments
Toni Clark for accurate drawings
The FlightGear community for inspiration and comradeship
In the spirit of FGFS, many of the Cub's elements were inspired or based on solutions found in open source aircraft. Thanks chaps.
If you have any queries contact 'karla' through FlightGear Forum.
LINKS
http://www.cub-club.com
http://www.j3-cub.com
http://www.legend.aero
http://www.fiddlersgreen.net
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