Re: Question about IGMPv3 state change

Liuhui <[email protected]> Thu, 10 Mar 2011 09:28:22 +0000
Newsgroups gmane.ietf.magma
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Hi  kunal,

I think Indranil's understanding is correct.

Appendix A.3 gives the reason. For 'exclude' mode, the router basically needs to keep the sources to be blocked, but  it still needs to keep source lists for 'include' report for seamless  mode transition. That's where the conflict exists.

The state machine of 3376 is somewhat hard to understand. And the complexity generally comes from the processing of exclude mode report. But in reality there is  generally no application case for excluding source report.  I suggest you have a look at RFC5790. It is a simplified version of IGMPv3 with more simple state machine.

Thanks
Liu Hui


From: [email protected] [mailto:[email protected]] On Behalf Of Kunal Shah
Sent: Wednesday, March 09, 2011 8:24 PM
To: Indranil Bhattacharya
Cc: [email protected]
Subject: Re: [magma] Question about IGMPv3 state change

Hi Indranil,

Thanks for your thoughts.

Can someone else on the mailing list confirm this understanding??

Kunal

________________________________
From: Indranil Bhattacharya [mailto:[email protected]]
Sent: Tuesday, March 08, 2011 1:03 PM
To: Kunal Shah
Cc: [email protected]
Subject: Re: [magma] Question about IGMPv3 state change
Hi Kunal,

             The interpretation of the statement is different. It means router filter mode is exclude but you are receiving include mode reports. That's what is meant as conflict in desired reception state.

Thanks,
Indranil
On Mon, Mar 7, 2011 at 6:40 PM, Kunal Shah <[email protected]<mailto:[email protected]>> wrote:
Hi Indranil,

From the RFC "

When a router filter-mode for a group is EXCLUDE, the source record

   list contains two types of sources.  The first type is the set which

   represents conflicts in the desired reception state; this set must be

   forwarded by some router on the network.
"
This means that a source can be in X only if it is being requested for being blocked as well as for being forwarded. In my example below s5 is not being requested to be blocked by any host. So what is the reason for keeping it in X??

Kunal

________________________________
From: Indranil Bhattacharya [mailto:[email protected]<mailto:[email protected]>]
Sent: Monday, March 07, 2011 6:33 PM

To: Kunal Shah
Cc: [email protected]<mailto:[email protected]>
Subject: Re: [magma] Question about IGMPv3 state change

Hi Kunal,
             X is for all INCLUDE mode sources. A is TO_IN report. So, s5 should be there in X. Why should s5 be blocked? Somebody wants data from this source.

Thanks,
Indranil
On Mon, Mar 7, 2011 at 5:52 PM, Kunal Shah <[email protected]<mailto:[email protected]>> wrote:
Hi Indranil,

Consider this,

X= s1,s2
Y= s3,s4

A=s4,s5

Then X+A= s1,s2,s4,s5
Y-A=s3

s5 is in X even when it is not being blocked ??

Kunal

________________________________
From: Indranil Bhattacharya [mailto:[email protected]<mailto:[email protected]>]
Sent: Monday, February 28, 2011 6:57 PM
To: Kunal Shah
Cc: [email protected]<mailto:[email protected]>
Subject: Re: [magma] Question about IGMPv3 state change
Hi Kunal,


x = s1,s2
y= s3,s4
a=s2,s3

x+a = s1,s2,s3
y-a = s4
Does it answer your question?

Thanks,
Indranil


On Tue, Feb 15, 2011 at 1:28 AM, Kunal Shah <[email protected]<mailto:[email protected]>> wrote:
Hi all,

I have a question about IGMPv3 state machine. If a group is in EX(X,Y) and a TO_IN(A) is received, the new state according to the RFC is EX (X+A, Y-A). I think this mean remove all the elements of A from Y and add all elements of A to X. This also implies that sources not removed from Y will still end up being added to X. My question is why cant we add only those elemets of A to X which are removed from Y as opposed to adding all the elements of A to X ??

If only the elements that are removed from Y are added to X, the new state would look like EX (X+(Y*A), Y-A).

Am I missing something here??

Kunal


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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">Hi &nbsp;kunal,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">I think Indranil&#8217;s understanding is correct.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">Appendix A.3 gives the reason. For &#8216;exclude&#8217; mode, the router basically needs to keep the sources to be blocked, but &nbsp;it still needs to keep source lists for
 &#8216;include&#8217; report for seamless &nbsp;mode transition. That&#8217;s where the conflict exists.&nbsp;
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">The state machine of 3376 is somewhat hard to understand. And the complexity generally comes from the processing of exclude mode report. But in reality there
 is &nbsp;generally no application case for excluding source report. &nbsp;I suggest you have a look at RFC5790. It is a simplified version of IGMPv3 with more simple state machine.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">Thanks<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">Liu Hui<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">From:</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"> [email protected] [mailto:[email protected]]
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Kunal Shah<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Wednesday, March 09, 2011 8:24 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> Indranil Bhattacharya<br>
<b>Cc:</b> [email protected]<br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [magma] Question about IGMPv3 state change<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:blue">Hi Indranil,</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:blue">Thanks for your thoughts.
</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:blue">Can someone else on the mailing list confirm this understanding??</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:blue">Kunal</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<div class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><span lang="EN-US">
<hr size="2" width="100%" align="center">
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">From:</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"> Indranil Bhattacharya [mailto:[email protected]]
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Tuesday, March 08, 2011 1:03 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> Kunal Shah<br>
<b>Cc:</b> [email protected]<br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [magma] Question about IGMPv3 state change</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Hi Kunal,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The interpretation of the statement is different. It means router filter mode is exclude but you are receiving include mode reports. That's what is meant as conflict in desired reception state.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Thanks,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt"><span lang="EN-US">Indranil<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">On Mon, Mar 7, 2011 at 6:40 PM, Kunal Shah &lt;<a href="mailto:[email protected]">[email protected]</a>&gt; wrote:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:blue">Hi Indranil,</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:blue">From the RFC &quot;</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<pre><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:blue">When a router filter-mode for a group is EXCLUDE, the source record<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:blue">&nbsp;&nbsp; list contains two types of sources.&nbsp; The first type is the set which<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:blue">&nbsp;&nbsp; represents conflicts in the desired reception state; this set must be<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:blue">&nbsp;&nbsp; forwarded by some router on the network.</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:blue">&quot;</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:blue">This means that a source can be in X only if it is being requested for being blocked as well as for being forwarded. In my example below s5 is not being
 requested to be blocked by any host. So what is the reason for keeping it in X??</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:blue">Kunal</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<div class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><span lang="EN-US">
<hr size="2" width="100%" align="center">
</span></div>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">From:</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"> Indranil Bhattacharya [mailto:<a href="mailto:[email protected]" target="_blank">[email protected]</a>]
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">Sent:</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"> Monday, March 07, 2011 6:33 PM
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"><br>
<b>To:</b> Kunal Shah<br>
<b>Cc:</b> <a href="mailto:[email protected]" target="_blank">[email protected]</a><br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [magma] Question about IGMPv3 state change<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Hi Kunal,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; X is for all INCLUDE mode sources. A is TO_IN report. So, s5 should be there in X. Why should s5 be blocked? Somebody wants data from this source.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Thanks,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt"><span lang="EN-US">Indranil<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">On Mon, Mar 7, 2011 at 5:52 PM, Kunal Shah &lt;<a href="mailto:[email protected]" target="_blank">[email protected]</a>&gt; wrote:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:blue">Hi Indranil,</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:blue">Consider this,</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:blue">X= s1,s2</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:blue">Y= s3,s4</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:blue">A=s4,s5</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:blue">Then X&#43;A= s1,s2,s4,s5</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:blue">Y-A=s3</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:blue">s5 is in X even when it is not being blocked ??</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:blue">Kunal</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<div class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><span lang="EN-US">
<hr size="2" width="100%" align="center">
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">From:</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"> Indranil Bhattacharya [mailto:<a href="mailto:[email protected]" target="_blank">[email protected]</a>]
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Monday, February 28, 2011 6:57 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> Kunal Shah<br>
<b>Cc:</b> <a href="mailto:[email protected]" target="_blank">[email protected]</a><br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [magma] Question about IGMPv3 state change</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Hi Kunal,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">x = s1,s2<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">y= s3,s4<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">a=s2,s3<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">x&#43;a = s1,s2,s3<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">y-a = s4<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Does it answer your question?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Thanks,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Indranil<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><br>
&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">On Tue, Feb 15, 2011 at 1:28 AM, Kunal Shah &lt;<a href="mailto:[email protected]" target="_blank">[email protected]</a>&gt; wrote:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">Hi all,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">I have a question about IGMPv3 state machine. If a group is in EX(X,Y) and a TO_IN(A) is received, the new state according to the RFC is EX (X&#43;A, Y-A). I think
 this mean remove all the elements of A from Y and add all elements of A to X. This also implies that sources not removed from Y will still end up being added to X. My question is why cant we add only those elemets of A to X which are removed from Y as opposed
 to adding all the elements of A to X ??<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">If only the elements that are removed from Y are added to X, the new state would look like EX (X&#43;(Y*A), Y-A).
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">Am I missing something here??<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">Kunal<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><br>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
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