Re: (Another) new ID of potential interest
"Herzog, Jonathan - 0668 - MITLL" <[email protected]>
| Newsgroups | gmane.ietf.smime |
|---|---|
| Message-ID | <[email protected]> |
On Aug 10, 2010, at 4:12 PM, Jim Schaad wrote: > I can easily understand how these things slip out. I needed to find the > document in order to figure out what I was thinking of when I wrote some of > this. > > Some comments in-line [snip] >> o AuthenticatedData uses static-static ECDH to provide >> data-integrity. It will not necessarily, >> however, provide confidentiality for the data. > > It will not provide confidentiality for the data. I would suggest removal > or amendment of the second sentence. Done. Now reads: "It will not provide confidentiality for the data." >> (Do you mind >> if I use your text as a starting point?) >> > > You can steal the text wholesale for all I care. Thank you. > > Sorry - if you look at the document on line, then there are two copies of > the document in the .txt file. Really? My goodness, you're right. That's embarrassing. Thanks for pointing that out. Anyway, let me attach the current draft. If you have no more comments on it, I'll check the references again and re-submit it next week. Thanks. -- Jonathan Herzog voice: (781) 981-2356 Technical Staff fax: (781) 981-7687 Cyber Systems and Technology Group email: [email protected] MIT Lincoln Laboratory www: http://www.ll.mit.edu/CST/ 244 Wood Street Lexington, MA 02420-9185 _______________________________________________ smime mailing list [email protected] https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/smime
draft-herzog-static-ecdh.txt
(text/plain, 30.5 KB)
Network Working Group J. Herzog
Internet-Draft R. Khazan
Intended status: Informational MIT Lincoln Laboratory
Expires: February 12, 2011 August 11, 2010
Use of static-static Elliptic-Curve Diffie-Hellman key agreement in
Cryptographic Message Syntax
draft-herzog-static-ecdh-02
Abstract
This document describes how to use 'static-static' Elliptic Curve
Diffie-Hellman key-agreement with the Cryptographic Message Syntax.
In this form of key-agreement, the Diffie-Hellman values of both
sender and receiver are long-term values contained in certificates.
Disclaimer
This work is sponsored by the United States Air Force under Air Force
Contract FA8721-05-C-0002. Opinions, interpretations, conclusions
and recommendations are those of the authors and are not necessarily
endorsed by the United States Government.
Status of this Memo
This Internet-Draft is submitted to IETF in full conformance with the
provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.
Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
Task Force (IETF), its areas, and its working groups. Note that
other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet-
Drafts.
Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."
The list of current Internet-Drafts can be accessed at
http://www.ietf.org/ietf/1id-abstracts.txt.
The list of Internet-Draft Shadow Directories can be accessed at
http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html.
This Internet-Draft will expire on February 12, 2011.
Copyright Notice
Herzog & Khazan Expires February 12, 2011 [Page 1]
Internet-Draft Static-static ECDH in CMS August 2010
Copyright (c) 2010 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
document authors. All rights reserved.
This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
(http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
publication of this document. Please review these documents
carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect
to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must
include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of
the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
described in the BSD License.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.1. Requirements Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2. EnvelopedData using static-static ECDH . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.1. Fields of the KeyAgreeRecipientInfo . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.2. Actions of the sending agent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.3. Actions of the receiving agent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
3. AuthenticatedData using static-static ECDH . . . . . . . . . . 8
3.1. Fields of the KeyAgreeRecipientInfo . . . . . . . . . . . 8
3.2. Actions of the sending agent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
3.3. Actions of the receiving agent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
4. AuthEnvelopedData using static-static ECDH . . . . . . . . . . 8
4.1. Fields of the KeyAgreeRecipientInfo . . . . . . . . . . . 9
4.2. Actions of the sending agent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
4.3. Actions of the receiving agent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
5. Comparison to [CMS-ECC] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
6. Requirements and Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
7. Security considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
8. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
8.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
8.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Herzog & Khazan Expires February 12, 2011 [Page 2]
Internet-Draft Static-static ECDH in CMS August 2010
1. Introduction
This document describes how to use the static-static Elliptic-Curve
Diffie-Hellman key agreement scheme [SEC1] in the Cryptographic
Message Syntax (CMS) [CMS]. The CMS is a standard notation and
representation for cryptographic messages. CMS uses ASN.1 notation
[X.680] [X.681] [X.682] [X.683] to define a number of structures that
carry both cryptographically-protected information and key-management
information regarding the keys used. Of particular interest here are
three structures:
o EnvelopedData, which holds encrypted (but not necessarily
authenticated) information [CMS],
o AuthenticatedData, which holds authenticated (MACed) information
[CMS], and
o AuthEnvelopedData, which holds information protected by
authenticated encryption: a cryptographic scheme that combines
encryption and authentication [CMS-AUTHENV].
All three of these types share the same basic structure. First, a
fresh symmetric key is generated. This symmetric key has a different
name that reflects its usage in each of the three structures.
EnvelopedData uses a content-encryption key (CEK); AuthenticatedData
uses an authentication key; AuthEnvelopedData uses a content-
authenticated-encryption key. The originator uses the symmetric key
to cryptographically protect the content. The symmetric key is then
used wrapped for each recipient; only the intended recipient has
access to the private keying material necessary to unwrap the
symmetric key. Once unwrapped, the recipient uses the symmetric key
to decrypt the content, check the integrity of the content, or both.
The CMS supports several different approaches to symmetric key
wrapping, including:
o key transport: the symmetric key is encrypted using the public
encryption key of some recipient,
o key-encryption key: the symmetric key is encrypted using a
previously-distributed symmetric key, and
o key agreement: the symmetric key is encrypted using a key-
encryption key (KEK) created using a key-agreement scheme and a
key-derivation function (KDF).
One such key-agreement scheme is the Diffie-Hellman algorithm [DH]
which uses group-theory to produce a value known only to its two
participants. In this case, the participants are the originator and
Herzog & Khazan Expires February 12, 2011 [Page 3]
Internet-Draft Static-static ECDH in CMS August 2010
one of the recipients. Each participant produces a private value and
a public value, and each participant can produce the shared secret
value from their own private value and their counterpart's public
value. There are some variations on the basic algorithm:
o The basic algorithm typically uses the group 'Z mod p', meaning
the set of integers modulo some prime p. One can also use an
elliptic-curve group, which allows for shorter messages.
o Over elliptic-curve groups, the standard algorithm can be extended
to incorporate the 'cofactor' of the group (see [SEC1] for more
details). This method, called 'cofactor Elliptic Curve Diffie-
Hellman', can prevent certain attacks possible in the elliptic-
curve group.
o The participants can generate fresh new public/private values
(called ephemeral values) for each run of the algorithm, or they
can re-use long-term values (called static values). Ephemeral
values add randomness to the resulting private value, while static
values can be embedded in certificates. The two participants do
not need to use the same kind of value: either participant can use
either type. In 'ephemeral-static' Diffie-Hellman, for example,
the sender uses an ephemeral public/private pair value while the
receiver uses a static pair. In 'static-static' Diffie-Hellman,
on the other hand, both participants use static pairs. (Receivers
cannot use ephemeral values in this setting, and so we ignore
ephemeral-ephemeral and static-ephemeral Diffie-Hellman in this
document.)
Several of these variations are already described in existing CMS
standards. [CMS-ALG] contains the conventions for using for
ephemeral-static and static-static Diffie-Hellman over the 'basic' (Z
mod p) group. [CMS-ECC] contains the conventions for using
ephemeral-static Diffie-Hellman over elliptic curves (both standard
and cofactor methods). It does not, however, contain conventions for
using either method of static-static Elliptic-Curve Diffie-Hellman,
preferring to discuss the ECMQV algorithm instead.
In this document, we specify the conventions for using static-static
Elliptic-Curve Diffie-Hellman (ECDH) for both standard and cofactor
methods. Our motivations are three-fold:
1. Intellectual-property concerns have hindered market adoptation of
the ECMQV algorithm,
2. ECMQV has been removed from the National Security Agency's Suite
B of cryptographic algorithms, and
Herzog & Khazan Expires February 12, 2011 [Page 4]
Internet-Draft Static-static ECDH in CMS August 2010
3. ECMQV requires the sender to create a fresh random value for each
recipient. While the incorporation of per-session randomness is
good cryptographic practice, ECMQV fixes the size of this
randomness: that of one elliptic-curve point. For low-bandwidth
networks, it may be necessary to use smaller amounts of per-
recipient randomness.
We note that like ephemeral-static ECDH, static-static ECDH creates a
secret key shared by sender and receiver. Unlike ephemeral-static
ECDH, however, static-static ECDH uses a static key pair for the
sender. Each of the three CMS structures discussed in this document
(EnvelopedData, AuthenticatedData, and AuthEnvelopedData) uses
static-static ECDH to achieve different goals:
o EnvelopedData uses static-static ECDH to provide data
confidentiality. It will not necessarily, however, provide data
integrity.
o AuthenticatedData uses static-static ECDH to provide data-
integrity. It will not provide data-confidentiality.
o AuthEnvelopedData uses static-static ECDH to provide both of
confidentiality and data-integrity.
1.1. Requirements Terminology
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
document are to be interpreted as described in [MUST].
2. EnvelopedData using static-static ECDH
If an implementation uses static-static ECDH with CMS EnvelopedData
then the following techniques and formats MUST be used. The fields
of EnvelopedData are as in [CMS]; as static-static ECDH is a key
agreement algorithm, the RecipientInfo kari choice is used. When
using static-static ECDH, the EnvelopedData originatorInfo field MAY
include the certificate(s) for the EC public key(s) used in the
formation of the pairwise key.
2.1. Fields of the KeyAgreeRecipientInfo
When using static-static ECDH with EnvelopedData, the fields of
KeyAgreeRecipientInfo [CMS] are:
o version MUST be 3.
Herzog & Khazan Expires February 12, 2011 [Page 5]
Internet-Draft Static-static ECDH in CMS August 2010
o originator identifies the static EC public key of the sender. It
MUST be either issuerAndSerialNumber or subjectKeyIdentifier, and
point to one of the sending agent's certificates.
o ukm MAY be present or absent. However, message originators SHOULD
include the ukm. As specified in [CMS], implementations MUST
support ukm message recipient processing, so interoperability is
not a concern if the ukm is present or absent. The use of a fresh
value for ukm will ensure that a different key is generated for
each message between the same sender and receiver. ukm, if
present, is placed in the entityUInfo field of the ECC-CMS-
SharedInfo structure [CMS-ECC] and therefore used as an input to
the key derivation function.
o keyEncryptionAlgorithm MUST contain the object identifier of the
key encryption algorithm, which in this case is a key agreement
algorithm (see Section 5). The parameters field contains
KeyWrapAlgorithm. The KeyWrapAlgorithm is the algorithm
identifier that indicates the symmetric encryption algorithm used
to encrypt the content-encryption key (CEK) with the key-
encryption key (KEK) and any associated parameters (see
Section 5).
o recipientEncryptedKeys contains an identifier and an encrypted CEK
for each recipient. The RecipientEncryptedKey
KeyAgreeRecipientIdentifier MUST contain either the
issuerAndSerialNumber identifying the recipient's certificate or
the RecipientKeyIdentifier containing the subject key identifier
from the recipient's certificate. In both cases, the recipient's
certificate contains the recipient's static ECDH public key.
RecipientEncryptedKey EncryptedKey MUST contain the content-
encryption key encrypted with the static-static ECDH-generated
pairwise key-encryption key using the algorithm specified by the
KeyWrapAlgorithm.
2.2. Actions of the sending agent
When using static-static ECDH with EnvelopedData, the sending agent
first obtains the recipient's EC public key and domain parameters
(e.g. from the recipient's certificate). It confirms that both
certificates contain public-key values with the same curve
parameters, and that both of these public-key values are marked as
appropriate for ECDH (that is, marked with algorithm-identifiers id-
ecPublicKey or id-ecDH [PKI-ECC]). The sender then determines:
o whether to use standard or cofactor Diffie-Hellman, and
Herzog & Khazan Expires February 12, 2011 [Page 6]
Internet-Draft Static-static ECDH in CMS August 2010
o which hash algorithms to use for the key-derivation function.
The sender then chooses keyEncryptionAlgorithm that reflects these
choices. It then determines:
o an integer "keydatalen", which is the KeyWrapAlgorithm symmetric
key-size in bits, and
o the value of ukm, if used.
The sender then determines a bit string "SharedInfo", which is the
DER encoding of ECC-CMS-SharedInfo (see Section 7.2 of [CMS-ECC]).
The sending agent then performs the key agreement operation of the
Elliptic Curve Diffie-Hellman Scheme specified in [SEC1] and the KDF
defined in Section 3.6.1 of [SEC1] with the hash algorithm identified
in the key agreement algorithm. As a result the sending agent
obtains a shared secret bit string "K", which is used as the pairwise
key-encryption key (KEK) to wrap the CEK for that recipient, as
specified in [CMS].
2.3. Actions of the receiving agent
When using static-static ECDH with EnvelopedData, the receiving agent
retrieves keyEncryptionAlgorithm to determine the key-agreement
algorithm chosen by the sender, which will identify:
o the domain-parameters of the curve used,
o whether standard or cofactor Diffie-Hellman was used, and
o which hash-function was used for the KDF.
The receiver then retrieves the static EC public key identified in
the rid field. It confirms that both certificates contain public-key
values associated with the curve identified by the
keyEncryptionAlgorithm, and that both of these public-key values are
marked as appropriate for ECDH (that is, marked with algorithm-
identifiers id-ecPublicKey or id-ecDH [PKI-ECC]). The receiver then
determines a bit string "SharedInfo", which is the DER encoding of
ECC-CMS-SharedInfo (see Section 7.2 of [CMS-ECC]) and performs the
key agreement operation of the Elliptic Curve Diffie-Hellman Scheme
specified in [SEC1]; in either case, use the KDF defined in Section
3.6.1 of [SEC1]. As a result, the receiving agent obtains a shared
secret bit string "K", which it uses as the pairwise key-encryption
key to unwrap the CEK.
Herzog & Khazan Expires February 12, 2011 [Page 7]
Internet-Draft Static-static ECDH in CMS August 2010
3. AuthenticatedData using static-static ECDH
This section describes how to use the static-static ECDH key
agreement algorithm with AuthenticatedData. When using static-static
ECDH with AuthenticatedData, the fields of AuthenticatedData are as
in [CMS], but with the following restrictions:
o macAlgorithm MUST contain the algorithm identifier of the message
authentication code (MAC) algorithm which MUST be one of the
following: hmac-SHA1, id-hmacWITHSHA224, id- hmacWITHSHA256, id-
hmacWITHSHA384, or id-hmacWITHSHA512. (See Section 5.)
o digestAlgorithm MUST contain the algorithm identifier of the hash
algorithm which MUST be one of the following: id-sha1, id-sha224,
id-sha256, id-sha384, and id-sha512. (See Section 5.)
As static-static ECDH is a key agreement algorithm, the RecipientInfo
kari choice is used in the AuthenticatedData. When using static-
static ECDH, the AuthenticatedData originatorInfo field MAY include
the certificate(s) for the EC public key(s) used in the formation of
the pairwise key.
3.1. Fields of the KeyAgreeRecipientInfo
The AuthenticatedData KeyAgreeRecipientInfo fields are used in the
same manner as the fields for the corresponding EnvelopedData
KeyAgreeRecipientInfo fields of Section 2.1 of this document. The
authentication key is wrapped in the same manner as is described
there for the content-encryption key.
3.2. Actions of the sending agent
The sending agent uses the same actions as for EnvelopedData with
static-static ECDH, as specified in Section 2.2 of this document.
3.3. Actions of the receiving agent
The receiving agent uses the same actions as for EnvelopedData with
static-static ECDH, as specified in Section 2.3 of this document.
4. AuthEnvelopedData using static-static ECDH
When using static-static ECDH with AuthEnvelopedData, the fields of
AuthEnvelopedData are as in [CMS-AUTHENV]. As static-static ECDH is
a key agreement algorithm, the RecipientInfo kari choice is used.
When using static-static ECDH, the AuthEnvelopedData originatorInfo
field MAY include the certificate(s) for the EC public key used in
Herzog & Khazan Expires February 12, 2011 [Page 8]
Internet-Draft Static-static ECDH in CMS August 2010
the formation of the pairwise key.
4.1. Fields of the KeyAgreeRecipientInfo
The AuthEnvelopedData KeyAgreeRecipientInfo fields are used in the
same manner as the fields for the corresponding EnvelopedData
KeyAgreeRecipientInfo fields of Section 2.1 of this document. The
content-authenticated-encryption key is wrapped in the same manner as
is described there for the content-encryption key.
4.2. Actions of the sending agent
The sending agent uses the same actions as for EnvelopedData with
static-static ECDH, as specified in Section 2.2 of this document.
4.3. Actions of the receiving agent
The receiving agent uses the same actions as for EnvelopedData with
static-static ECDH, as specified in Section 2.3 of this document.
5. Comparison to [CMS-ECC]
This document defines the use of static-static ECDH for
EnvelopedData, AuthenticatedData, and AuthEnvelopedData. The
standard [CMS-ECC] defines ephemeral-static ECDH for EnvelopedData
only.
With regard to EnvelopedData, this document and [CMS-ECC] greatly
parallel each other. Both specify how to apply Elliptic-Curve
Diffie-Hellman, and differ only on how the sender's public value is
to be communicated to the recipient. In [CMS-ECC], the sender
provides the public value explicitly by including an
OriginatorPublicKey value in the originator field of
KeyAgreeRecipientInfo. In this document, the sender include a
reference to a (certified) public value by including either an
IssuerAndSerialNumber or SubjectKeyIdentifier value in the same
field. Put another way, [CMS-ECC] provides an interpretation of a
KeyAgreeRecipientInfo structure where:
o the keyEncryptionAlgorithm value indicates Elliptic-Curve Diffie-
Hellman, and
o the originator field contains a OriginatorPublicKey value.
This document, on the other hand, provides an interpretation of a
KeyAgreeRecipientInfo structure where
Herzog & Khazan Expires February 12, 2011 [Page 9]
Internet-Draft Static-static ECDH in CMS August 2010
o the keyEncryptionAlgorithm value indicates Elliptic-Curve Diffie-
Hellman, and
o the originator field contains either a IssuerAndSerialNumber value
or a SubjectKeyIdentifier value.
AuthenticatedData or AuthEnvelopedData messages, on the other hand,
are not given any form of ECDH by [CMS-ECC]. This is appropriate:
that document only defines ephemeral-static Diffie-Hellman, and this
form of Diffie-Hellman does not (inherently) provide any form of
data-authentication or data-origin authentication. This document, on
the other hand, requires that the sender use a certified public
value. Thus, this form of key-agreement provides implicit key
authentication and, under some limited circumstances, data-origin
authentication. (See Section 7.)
This document does not define any new ASN.1 structures or algorithm
identifiers. It provides new ways to interpret structures from [CMS]
and [CMS-ECC], and allows previously-defined algorithms to be used
under these new interpretations. Specifically:
o The ECDH key-agreement algorithm-identifiers from [CMS-ECC] define
only how Diffie-Hellman values are processed, not where these
values are created. Therefore, they can be used for static-static
ECDH with no changes.
o The key-wrap, MAC, and digest algorithms referenced in [CMS-ECC]
describe how the secret key is to be used, not created.
Therefore, they can be used with keys from static-static ECDH
without modification.
6. Requirements and Recommendations
It is RECOMMENDED that implementations of this specification support
AuthenticatedData and EnvelopedData. Support for AuthEnvelopedData
is OPTIONAL.
Implementations that support this specification MUST support standard
Elliptic Curve Diffie-Hellman, and these implementation MAY also
support cofactor Elliptic Curve Diffie-Hellman.
In order to encourage interoperability, implementations SHOULD use
the elliptic curve domain parameters specified by [PKI-ECC].
Implementations that support standard static-static Elliptic Curve
Diffie-Hellman:
Herzog & Khazan Expires February 12, 2011 [Page 10]
Internet-Draft Static-static ECDH in CMS August 2010
MUST support the dhSinglePass-stdDH-sha256kdf-scheme key agreement
algorithm, the id-aes128-wrap key wrap algorithm, and the id-
aes128-cbc content encryption algorithm; and,
MAY support the dhSinglePass-stdDH-sha1kdf-scheme, dhSinglePass-
stdDH-sha224kdf-scheme, dhSinglePass-stdDH-sha384kdf-scheme and
dhSinglePass-stdDH-sha512kdf-scheme key agreement algorithms, the
id-alg-CMS3DESwrap, id-aes192-wrap, and id-aes256-wrap key wrap
algorithms and the des-ede3-cbc, id-aes192-cbc, and id-aes256-cbc
content encryption algorithms; other algorithms MAY also be
supported.
Implementations that support cofactor static-static Elliptic-Curve
Diffie-Hellman:
MUST support the dhSinglePass-cofactorDH-sha256kdf-scheme key
agreement algorithm, the id-aes128-wrap key wrap algorithm, and
the id-aes128-cbc content encryption algorithm; and,
MAY support the dhSinglePass-cofactorDH-sha1kdf-scheme,
dhSinglePass-cofactorDH-sha224kdf-scheme, dhSinglePass-
cofactorDH-sha384kdf-scheme, and dhSinglePass-cofactorDH-
sha512kdf-scheme key agreement, the id-alg-CMS3DESwrap, id-
aes192-wrap, and id-aes256-wrap key wrap algorithms and the des-
ede3-cbc, id-aes192-cbc, and id-aes256-cbc content encryption
algorithms; other algorithms MAY also be supported.
7. Security considerations
All security considerations in Section 9 of [CMS-ECC] apply.
Extreme care must be used when using static-static Diffie-Hellman
(either standard or cofactor) without the use of some per-message
value in ukm. If no message-specific information is used (such as a
counter value, or a fresh random string) then the resulting secret
key could be used in more than one message. Under some
circumstances, this will open the sender to the 'small subgroup'
attack [MenezesUstaoglu] or other, yet-undiscovered attacks on re-
used Diffie-Hellman keys. Applications that cannot tolerate the
inclusion of per-message information in ukm (due to bandwidth
requirements, for example) SHOULD NOT use static-static ECDH for a
recipient without ascertaining that the recipient knows the private
value associated with their certified Diffie-Hellman value. Static-
static Diffie-Hellman, when used as described in this document, does
not necessarily provide data-origin authentication. Consder, for
example, the following sequence of events:
Herzog & Khazan Expires February 12, 2011 [Page 11]
Internet-Draft Static-static ECDH in CMS August 2010
o Alice sends an AuthEnvelopedData message to both Bob and Mallory.
Furthermore, Alice uses a static-static DH method to transport the
content-authenticated-encryption key to Bob, and some arbitrary
method to transport the same key to Mallory.
o Mallory intercepts the message and prevents Bob from receiving it.
o Mallory recovers the content-authenticated-encryption key from the
message received from Alice. Mallory then creates new plaintext
of her choice, and encrypts it using the same authenticated-
encryption algorithm and the same content-authenticated-encryption
key used by Alice.
o Mallory then replaces the EncryptedContentInfo and
MessageAuthenticationCode fields of Alice's message with the
values Mallory just generated. She may additionally remove her
RecipientInfo value from Alice's message.
o Mallory sends the modified message to Bob.
o Bob receives the message, validates the static-static DH works and
decrypts/authenticates the message.
At this point, Bob has received and validated a message that appears
to have been sent by Alice, but whose content was chosen by Mallory.
Mallory may not even be an apparent reciever of the modified message.
Thus, this use of static-static Diffie-Hellman does not necessarily
provide data-origin authentication. (We note that this example does
not also contradict either confidentiality or data-authentication:
Alice's message was not received by anyone not intended by Alice, and
Mallory's message was not modified before reaching Bob.) More
generally, data-origin may not be authenticated unless
o It is a priori guaranteed that the message in question was sent to
exactly one recipient, or
o Data-origin authentication is provided by some other mechanism
(such as digital signatures).
8. References
8.1. Normative References
[CMS] Housley, R., "Cryptographic Message Syntax (CMS)", Request
For Comments 5652, September 2009.
[CMS-AUTHENV]
Herzog & Khazan Expires February 12, 2011 [Page 12]
Internet-Draft Static-static ECDH in CMS August 2010
Housley, R., "Cryptographic Message Syntax (CMS)
Authenticated-Enveloped-Data Content Type", Request For
Comments 5083, November 2007.
[CMS-ECC] Turner, S. and D. Brown, "Use of Elliptic Curve
Cryptography (ECC) Algorithms in Cryptographic Message
Syntax (CMS)", Request For Comments 5753, January 2010.
[MUST] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", Request For Comments 2119,
March 1997.
[PKI-ECC] Turner, S., Brown, D., Yiu, K., Housley, R., and T. Polk,
"Elliptic Curve Cryptography Subject Public Key
Information", Request For Comments 5480, March 2009.
[SEC1] Brown, D., "Standards for Efficient Cryptography 1 (SEC
1)", Standards for Efficient Cryptography 1, May 2009.
8.2. Informative References
[CMS-ALG] Housley, R., "Cryptographic Message Syntax (CMS)
Algorithms", Request For Comments 3370, August 2002.
[DH] Rescorla, E., "Diffie-Hellman Key Agreement Method",
Request For Comments 2631, June 1999.
[MenezesUstaoglu]
Menezes, A. and B. Ustaoglu, "On Reusing Ephemeral Keys in
Diffie-Hellman Key Agreement Protocols".
International Journal of Applied Cryptography, to appear.
[X.680] ITU-T, "Information Technology - Abstract Syntax Notation
One", Recommendation X.680, ISO/IEC 8824-1:2002, 2002.
[X.681] ITU-T, "Information Technology - Abstract Syntax Notation
One: Information Object Specifcation",
Recommendation X.681, ISO/IEC 8824-2:2002, 2002.
[X.682] ITU-T, "Information Technology - Abstract Syntax Notation
One: Constraint Specification", Recommendation X.682, ISO/
IEC 8824-3:2002, 2002.
[X.683] ITU-T, "Information Technology - Abstract Syntax Notation
One: Parameterization of ASN.1 Specifications",
Recommendation X.683, ISO/IEC 8824-4:2002, 2002.
Herzog & Khazan Expires February 12, 2011 [Page 13]
Internet-Draft Static-static ECDH in CMS August 2010
Authors' Addresses
Jonathan C. Herzog
MIT Lincoln Laboratory
244 Wood St.
Lexington, MA 02144
USA
Email: [email protected]
Roger Khazan
MIT Lincoln Laboratory
244 Wood St.
Lexington, MA 02144
USA
Email: [email protected]
Herzog & Khazan Expires February 12, 2011 [Page 14]
smime.p7s
(application/pkcs7-signature, 3.2 KB) - not displayed