Re: [PATCH] mm/mglru: fix lockless folio_putback_lru() race in evict_folios()

On Fri, Aug 07, 2026 at 04:00:30PM +0530, Ketan Kishore wrote:
> folio_putback_lru() requires lru_lock to not be held by the caller,
> but it internally calls folio_add_lru() -> lruvec_add_folio() ->
> lru_gen_add_folio() -> list_add(), which modifies lrugen->folios[]
> without acquiring lruvec->lru_lock.

folio_putback_lru() requires lru_lock to not be held because it holds lru lock
internally.

folio_putback_lru
  folio_add_lru
    __folio_batch_add_and_move
      folio_batch_move_lru
        folio_lruvec_relock_irqsave
    

> 
> In evict_folios(), lru_lock is dropped before shrink_folio_list() and
> the subsequent list_for_each_entry_safe_reverse() loop. When an
> unevictable folio is encountered in this lockless section,
> folio_putback_lru() is called to return it to lrugen->folios[]. This
> races with any concurrent CPU that holds lru_lock and operates on the
> same list (e.g. via list_del or list_move), corrupting prev->next.
> 
> The corruption is detected later when move_folios_to_lru() re-acquires
> lru_lock and calls list_del() on a folio whose list linkage was
> corrupted, triggering BUG at lib/list_debug.c:64:
> 
>   list_del corruption. prev->next should be fffffffeead4fbc8,
>   but was ffffeafeead44188. (prev=fffffffee4fc4c08)
>   kernel BUG at lib/list_debug.c:64!
>   Call trace:
>    __list_del_entry_valid_or_report+0x100/0x14c
>    evict_folios+0x145c/0x16dc
>    try_to_shrink_lruvec+0x228/0x35c
>    shrink_one+0x94/0x158
>    shrink_many+0x1c8/0x1f4
>    lru_gen_shrink_node+0x94/0x110
>    shrink_node+0x468/0x8b4
>    balance_pgdat+0x4f0/0x9a0
>    kswapd+0x268/0x470
> 
> The race window is amplified when unevictable memory is high, causing
> folio_putback_lru() to be called many times in the lockless section.
> 
> move_folios_to_lru() already handles this correctly: it drops and
> re-acquires lru_lock around folio_putback_lru() for unevictable folios.
> Apply the same pattern to evict_folios().
> 
> Fixes: 359a5e1416ca ("mm: multi-gen LRU: retry folios written back while isolated")
> Signed-off-by: Prakash Gupta <[email protected]>
> Signed-off-by: Ketan Kishore <[email protected]>
> ---
>  mm/vmscan.c | 2 ++
>  1 file changed, 2 insertions(+)
> 
> diff --git a/mm/vmscan.c b/mm/vmscan.c
> index 26436059ea39..7c4adba13e4f 100644
> --- a/mm/vmscan.c
> +++ b/mm/vmscan.c
> @@ -4923,7 +4923,9 @@ static int evict_folios(unsigned long nr_to_scan, struct lruvec *lruvec,
>  
>  		if (!folio_evictable(folio)) {
>  			list_del(&folio->lru);
> +			spin_lock_irq(&lruvec->lru_lock);
>  			folio_putback_lru(folio);
> +			spin_unlock_irq(&lruvec->lru_lock);

This will introduce a deadlock.