Re: [PATCH 2/3] nfsd: fix UAF in cpntf statelist drain

On Thu, 25 Jun 2026, Jeff Layton wrote:
> From: Chris Mason <[email protected]>
> 
> nfs4_free_cpntf_statelist() drains a parent stid's sc_cp_list by
> repeatedly taking the first entry and calling
> _free_cpntf_state_locked(), which only unlinks and frees the entry
> when refcount_dec_and_test() drops cs_count to zero.  When a
> concurrent holder has bumped cs_count via manage_cpntf_state(),
> the helper returns early and leaves the entry on sc_cp_list, so
> the drain re-decrements the same entry on the next iteration and
> burns the reference that belonged to that concurrent holder.
> 
>     CPU 0                              CPU 1
>     -----                              -----
>     find_cpntf_state()
>       manage_cpntf_state(clp=NULL)
>         spin_lock(&nn->s2s_cp_lock)
>         refcount_inc(cs_count) 1->2
>         spin_unlock(&nn->s2s_cp_lock)
>       /* caller now owns a ref */
>                                        nfs4_free_cpntf_statelist()
>                                          spin_lock(&s2s_cp_lock)
>                                          iter 1: dec_and_test 2->1
>                                                  (no unlink/free)
>                                          iter 2: dec_and_test 1->0
>                                                  list_del + idr_remove
>                                                  kfree(cps)
>                                          spin_unlock(&s2s_cp_lock)
>     nfs4_put_cpntf_state(cps)
>       spin_lock(&s2s_cp_lock)
>       _free_cpntf_state_locked(cps)    /* cps is freed slab */
> 
> The late put writes into the freed slab object's refcount_t, a
> KASAN-detectable use-after-free.
> 
> Fix by rewriting the drain to unconditionally revoke each entry
> before dropping the parent's reference.  Walk sc_cp_list with
> list_for_each_entry_safe(), list_del_init() the entry, remove it
> from nn->s2s_cp_stateids, and only then drop the parent-owned
> reference via a new put_cpntf_state_unlinked_locked() helper
> that does refcount_dec_and_test() + kfree().  The drain now
> terminates in one pass per entry regardless of cs_count.
> 
> Concurrent holders keep their own reference; their eventual
> nfs4_put_cpntf_state() reaches _free_cpntf_state_locked() on an
> entry the drain has already unlinked from sc_cp_list and from
> nn->s2s_cp_stateids.  _free_cpntf_state_locked() gates its
> list_del_init() and idr_remove() on !list_empty(&cps->cp_list);
> the drain's list_del_init() leaves cp_list self-linked, so the
> late put skips both calls and only the final refcount drop runs.
> 
> Gating idr_remove() on the same check is required because
> idr_alloc_cyclic() may already have recycled the so_id for an
> unrelated cpntf entry by the time the late put runs; an
> unconditional idr_remove() would silently unhash that live entry
> and corrupt subsequent find_cpntf_state() lookups.
> 
> Fixes: 624322f1adc5 ("NFSD add COPY_NOTIFY operation")
> Assisted-by: kres:claude-opus-4-7
> Signed-off-by: Chris Mason <[email protected]>
> ---
>  fs/nfsd/nfs4state.c | 65 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-----------
>  1 file changed, 52 insertions(+), 13 deletions(-)
> 
> diff --git a/fs/nfsd/nfs4state.c b/fs/nfsd/nfs4state.c
> index b8946db3ebaa..374155e57f3f 100644
> --- a/fs/nfsd/nfs4state.c
> +++ b/fs/nfsd/nfs4state.c
> @@ -1025,17 +1025,58 @@ void nfs4_free_copy_state(struct nfsd4_copy *copy)
>  	spin_unlock(&nn->s2s_cp_lock);
>  }
>  
> +/*
> + * Drop the parent stid's reference on a cpntf entry that has already been
> + * removed from sc_cp_list and the s2s_cp_stateids IDR. If a concurrent holder
> + * still owns a reference (acquired viamanage_cpntf_state() before the unlink),
> + * that holder's nfs4_put_cpntf_state() will perform the final free.
> + *
> + * The nn->s2s_cp_lock must be held!
> + */
> +static void put_cpntf_state_unlinked_locked(struct nfs4_cpntf_state *cps)
> +{
> +	WARN_ON_ONCE(cps->cp_stateid.cs_type != NFS4_COPYNOTIFY_STID);
> +	WARN_ON_ONCE(!list_empty(&cps->cp_list));
> +
> +	if (refcount_dec_and_test(&cps->cp_stateid.cs_count))
> +		kfree(cps);
> +}
> +
> +/*
> + * Unhash the stateid from the s2s stateid hash, and detach it from the sc_cp_list.
> + * Note that this is gated on a list_empty() check, to avoid problems with IDR
> + * hashval reuse.
> + */
> +static void nfsd4_unhash_cpntf_state(struct nfsd_net *nn, struct nfs4_cpntf_state *cps)
> +{
> +	lockdep_assert_held(&nn->s2s_cp_lock);
> +
> +	if (!list_empty(&cps->cp_list)) {
> +		list_del_init(&cps->cp_list);
> +		idr_remove(&nn->s2s_cp_stateids, cps->cp_stateid.cs_stid.si_opaque.so_id);
> +	}
> +}
> +
>  static void nfs4_free_cpntf_statelist(struct net *net, struct nfs4_stid *stid)
>  {
> -	struct nfs4_cpntf_state *cps;
> +	struct nfs4_cpntf_state *cps, *tmp;
>  	struct nfsd_net *nn;
>  
>  	nn = net_generic(net, nfsd_net_id);
>  	spin_lock(&nn->s2s_cp_lock);
> -	while (!list_empty(&stid->sc_cp_list)) {
> -		cps = list_first_entry(&stid->sc_cp_list,
> -				       struct nfs4_cpntf_state, cp_list);
> -		_free_cpntf_state_locked(nn, cps);
> +	/*
> +	 * Unlink every entry from sc_cp_list and the IDR before dropping
> +	 * the parent's reference.  This makes the drain terminate in one
> +	 * pass per entry regardless of cs_count: a concurrent holder that
> +	 * obtained the entry via manage_cpntf_state() retains its own
> +	 * reference, and its eventual nfs4_put_cpntf_state() will see the
> +	 * entry already unlinked (list_del_init() in
> +	 * _free_cpntf_state_locked makes that a no-op) and drive the final
> +	 * kfree itself.
> +	 */

Again, this comment doesn't belong in the final code.

> +	list_for_each_entry_safe(cps, tmp, &stid->sc_cp_list, cp_list) {

The switch from while() to list_for_each_entry_safe() isn't required for
this change, and isn't justified by the commit message.

I prefer while() is it makes it abundantly clear that the list will be
emptied.
I personally prefer

  while ((cps = list_first_entry_or_null(&stid->sc_cp_list,
				       struct nfs4_cpntf_state,
				       cp_list)) != NULL) {

but I understand that might not be everyone's favourite.

Apart from the comment, the code changes looks correct.

Reviewed-by: NeilBrown <[email protected]>

Thanks,
NeilBrown



> +		nfsd4_unhash_cpntf_state(nn, cps);
> +		put_cpntf_state_unlinked_locked(cps);
>  	}
>  	spin_unlock(&nn->s2s_cp_lock);
>  }
> @@ -7870,16 +7911,14 @@ nfs4_check_file(struct svc_rqst *rqstp, struct svc_fh *fhp, struct nfs4_stid *s,
>  out:
>  	return status;
>  }
> -static void
> -_free_cpntf_state_locked(struct nfsd_net *nn, struct nfs4_cpntf_state *cps)
> +
> +static void _free_cpntf_state_locked(struct nfsd_net *nn, struct nfs4_cpntf_state *cps)
>  {
>  	WARN_ON_ONCE(cps->cp_stateid.cs_type != NFS4_COPYNOTIFY_STID);
> -	if (!refcount_dec_and_test(&cps->cp_stateid.cs_count))
> -		return;
> -	list_del_init(&cps->cp_list);
> -	idr_remove(&nn->s2s_cp_stateids,
> -		   cps->cp_stateid.cs_stid.si_opaque.so_id);
> -	kfree(cps);
> +	if (refcount_dec_and_test(&cps->cp_stateid.cs_count)) {
> +		nfsd4_unhash_cpntf_state(nn, cps);
> +		kfree(cps);
> +	}
>  }
>  /*
>   * A READ from an inter server to server COPY will have a
> 
> -- 
> 2.54.0
> 
>