Attempt to replace 60TB Spinning Rust NAS with a Raspberry Pi 5 with Quad PCI Splitter and 18 2.5 Sata SSDs TLC and DRAM-less TeamGroup QLC drives: Unreliable single Lane PCI bus Under Load

This is not a bug report per se, but reporting this in case it can be helpful.
Gemini AI said taht I'm just being unrealistic in putting a 4 way PCI splitter with 9 port sata cards behind that and 18 drives total on a Pi5 PCI bus which is not super resilient with PCI and Sata timeouts.
In this case, it caused QLC drives to corrupt their flash in a way that
they had to be block wiped and reset. Now they work fine in an N355 PC
with one sata controller per PCI lane and no PCI splitters.

http://marc.merlins.org/perso/linux/post_2026-04-13_Attempt-to-replace-my-60TB-Spinning-Rust-NAS-with-a-Raspberry-Pi-5-with-Quad-PCI-Splitter-and-18-2_5-Sata-SSDs-TLC-and-DRAM-less-TeamGroup-QLC-drives_-Unreliable-single-Lane-PCI-bus-Under-Load.html

Details here:

logs below for google searches or whatnot. No help needed, but sending in case it helps
nvme nvme0: controller is down; will reset: CSTS=0x3, PCI_STATUS=0x10
[57247.067230] ata8.00: exception Emask 0x0 SAct 0x0 SErr 0x400001 action 0x6 frozen
[57247.076133] ata8: SError: { RecovData Handshk }
[57247.081246] ata8.00: failed command: READ DMA
[57247.086014] ata8.00: cmd c8/00:08:c8:03:5b/00:00:00:00:00/e1 tag 2 dma 4096 in
[57247.086014]          res 40/00:ff:00:00:00/00:00:00:00:00/00 Emask 0x4 (timeout)
[57247.101469] ata8.00: status: { DRDY }
[57247.105822] ata8: hard resetting link
[57247.153797] nvme nvme0: 3/0/0 default/read/poll queues
[57247.587051] ata8: SATA link up 6.0 Gbps (SStatus 133 SControl 300)
[57247.630423] ata8.00: supports DRM functions and may not be fully accessible
[57247.750869] ata8.00: supports DRM functions and may not be fully accessible
[57247.807025] ata8.00: configured for UDMA/133
[57247.811957] sd 7:0:0:0: [sdh] tag#2 UNKNOWN(0x2003) Result: hostbyte=0x00 driverbyte=DRIVER_OK cmd_age=32s
[57247.822653] sd 7:0:0:0: [sdh] tag#2 Sense Key : 0xb [current] 
[57247.829121] sd 7:0:0:0: [sdh] tag#2 ASC=0x0 ASCQ=0x0 
[57247.835477] sd 7:0:0:0: [sdh] tag#2 CDB: opcode=0x88 88 00 00 00 00 00 01 5b 03 c8 00 00 00 08 00 00
[57247.845243] I/O error, dev sdh, sector 22741960 op 0x0:(READ) flags 0x80700 phys_seg 1 prio class 2
[57247.855511] ata8: EH complete
[57247.872535] ata8.00: Enabling discard_zeroes_data
[60367.285453] ata9.00: exception Emask 0x10 SAct 0x0 SErr 0x400100 action 0x6 frozen
[60367.293666] ata9.00: irq_stat 0x08000000, interface fatal error
[60367.300313] ata9: SError: { UnrecovData Handshk }
[60367.306530] ata9.00: failed command: WRITE DMA EXT
[60367.311966] ata9.00: cmd 35/00:00:78:8c:f7/00:05:1e:00:00/e0 tag 9 dma 655360 out
[60367.311966]          res 50/00:00:ff:03:f7/00:00:1e:00:00/e0 Emask 0x10 (ATA bus error)
[60367.328871] ata9.00: status: { DRDY }
[60367.333036] ata9: hard resetting link
[60367.805496] ata9: SATA link up 6.0 Gbps (SStatus 133 SControl 300)
[60367.863205] ata9.00: configured for UDMA/133
[60367.868064] ata9: EH complete
[60397.357520] nvme nvme0: controller is down; will reset: CSTS=0x3, PCI_STATUS=0x10
[60397.453616] nvme nvme0: 3/0/0 default/read/poll queues                                                 
[60398.929509] ata1.00: exception Emask 0x0 SAct 0x0 SErr 0x400001 action 0x6 frozen                      
[60398.959616] ata1: SError: { RecovData Handshk }                                                        
[60398.966761] ata1.00: failed command: READ DMA                                                          
[60398.972859] ata1.00: cmd c8/00:08:78:b9:4a/00:00:00:00:00/e2 tag 22 dma 4096 in                        
[60398.972859]          res 40/00:00:01:4f:c2/00:00:00:00:00/00 Emask 0x4 (timeout)
[60398.990825] ata1.00: status: { DRDY }
[60398.995717] ata1: hard resetting link
[60399.473455] ata1: SATA link up 6.0 Gbps (SStatus 133 SControl 300)
[60399.541525] ata1.00: configured for UDMA/133
[60399.546657] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#22 UNKNOWN(0x2003) Result: hostbyte=0x00 driverbyte=DRIVER_OK cmd_age=32s
[60399.557577] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#22 Sense Key : 0xb [current] 
[60399.564532] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#22 ASC=0x0 ASCQ=0x0 
[60399.570665] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#22 CDB: opcode=0x88 88 00 00 00 00 00 02 4a b9 78 00 00 00 08 00 00
[60399.580758] I/O error, dev sda, sector 38451576 op 0x0:(READ) flags 0x80700 phys_seg 1 prio class 2
[60399.590585] ata1: EH complete
[60399.640204] ata1.00: Enabling discard_zeroes_data
[72688.943036] ata1.00: exception Emask 0x0 SAct 0x0 SErr 0x400001 action 0x6 frozen
[72688.951084] ata1: SError: { RecovData Handshk }
[72688.956422] ata1.00: failed command: WRITE DMA
[72688.961594] ata1.00: cmd ca/00:20:00:ac:82/00:00:00:00:00/e5 tag 14 dma 16384 out
[72688.961594]          res 40/00:00:01:4f:c2/00:00:00:00:00/00 Emask 0x4 (timeout)
[72688.977731] ata1.00: status: { DRDY }                                                                  
[72688.981969] ata1: hard resetting link                                                                  
[72688.986211] ata2.00: exception Emask 0x0 SAct 0x0 SErr 0x400001 action 0x6 frozen                      
[72688.994663] ata2: SError: { RecovData Handshk }                                                        
[72688.999881] ata2.00: failed command: WRITE DMA                                                         
[72689.005000] ata2.00: cmd ca/00:20:c0:b0:82/00:00:00:00:00/e5 tag 19 dma 16384 out                      
[72689.005000]          res 40/00:00:00:4f:c2/00:00:00:00:00/00 Emask 0x4 (timeout)                       
[72689.022962] ata2.00: status: { DRDY }                                                                  
[72689.027430] ata2: hard resetting link
[72689.499039] ata2: SATA link up 6.0 Gbps (SStatus 133 SControl 300)
[72689.506396] ata1: SATA link up 6.0 Gbps (SStatus 133 SControl 300)
[72689.611777] ata1.00: configured for UDMA/133
[72689.616890] ata1: EH complete
[72689.723181] ata2.00: configured for UDMA/133
[72689.728156] ata2: EH complete
[72689.865333] ata1.00: Enabling discard_zeroes_data
[72689.871277] ata2.00: Enabling discard_zeroes_data
[73227.538624] nvme nvme1: controller is down; will reset: CSTS=0x3, PCI_STATUS=0x10
[73227.640436] nvme nvme1: D3 entry latency set to 8 seconds
[73227.658550] nvme nvme1: 1/0/0 default/read/poll queues
[86766.334170] nvme nvme0: controller is down; will reset: CSTS=0x3, PCI_STATUS=0x10
[86766.442187] nvme nvme0: 3/0/0 default/read/poll queues
[86766.863105] ata6.00: exception Emask 0x0 SAct 0x0 SErr 0x400001 action 0x6 frozen
[86766.877356] ata6: SError: { RecovData Handshk }
[86766.884232] ata6.00: failed command: WRITE DMA
[86766.891103] ata6.00: cmd ca/00:80:18:95:b5/00:00:00:00:00/e6 tag 20 dma 65536 out
[86766.891103]          res 40/00:ff:00:00:00/00:00:00:00:00/00 Emask 0x4 (timeout)
[86766.908556] ata6.00: status: { DRDY }
[86766.914377] ata6: hard resetting link
[86766.919016] ata2.00: exception Emask 0x0 SAct 0x0 SErr 0x400001 action 0x6 frozen
[86766.930307] ata2: SError: { RecovData Handshk }
[86766.937937] ata2.00: failed command: READ DMA
[86766.943738] ata2.00: cmd c8/00:38:a0:e6:3b/00:00:00:00:00/e5 tag 4 dma 28672 in
[86766.943738]          res 40/00:00:00:4f:c2/00:00:00:00:00/00 Emask 0x4 (timeout)
[86766.965459] ata2.00: status: { DRDY }
[86766.970640] ata2: hard resetting link
[86766.976782] ata3.00: exception Emask 0x0 SAct 0x0 SErr 0x400001 action 0x6 frozen
[86766.989369] ata3: SError: { RecovData Handshk }
[86767.001777] ata3.00: failed command: WRITE DMA
[86767.010295] ata3.00: cmd ca/00:80:18:95:b5/00:00:00:00:00/e6 tag 21 dma 65536 out
[86767.010295]          res 40/00:00:06:4f:c2/00:00:00:00:00/00 Emask 0x4 (timeout)                       
[86767.060215] ata3.00: status: { DRDY }                                                                  
[86767.071409] ata3: hard resetting link                                                                  
[86767.550253] ata3: SATA link up 6.0 Gbps (SStatus 133 SControl 300)                                     
[86767.563271] ata2: SATA link up 6.0 Gbps (SStatus 133 SControl 300)                                     
[86767.572715] ata6: SATA link up 6.0 Gbps (SStatus 133 SControl 300)
[86767.585598] ata6.00: supports DRM functions and may not be fully accessible
[86767.616959] ata6.00: supports DRM functions and may not be fully accessible
[86767.631980] ata3.00: configured for UDMA/133
[86767.639404] ata3: EH complete
[86767.643354] ata6.00: configured for UDMA/133
[86767.661059] ahci 0001:03:00.0: port does not support device sleep
[86767.663591] ata3.00: Enabling discard_zeroes_data
[86767.676336] ata6: EH complete
[86767.745871] ata2.00: configured for UDMA/133
[86767.754280] ata2: EH complete
[86767.772933] ata2.00: Enabling discard_zeroes_data
[95256.566913] nvme nvme0: controller is down; will reset: CSTS=0x3, PCI_STATUS=0x10
[95256.574928] nvme nvme1: controller is down; will reset: CSTS=0x3, PCI_STATUS=0x10
[95256.679475] nvme nvme1: D3 entry latency set to 8 seconds
[95256.689110] nvme nvme0: 2/0/0 default/read/poll queues
[95256.694718] nvme nvme1: 1/0/0 default/read/poll queues
[95256.697626] I/O error, dev nvme0n1, sector 264208 op 0x1:(WRITE) flags 0x29800 phys_seg 1 prio class 2
[95256.712397] I/O error, dev nvme0n1, sector 264208 op 0x1:(WRITE) flags 0x29800 phys_seg 1 prio class 2
[95256.722258] md: super_written gets error=-5
[95256.727133] md/raid1:md0: Disk failure on nvme0n1p2, disabling device.
[95256.727133] md/raid1:md0: Operation continuing on 1 devices.
[95256.742401] I/O error, dev nvme0n1, sector 77334752 op 0x1:(WRITE) flags 0x4000800 phys_seg 1 prio class 2
[95256.753375] BTRFS error (device nvme0n1p3): bdev /dev/nvme0n1p3 errs: wr 1, rd 1, flush 0, corrupt 0, gen 0
[95256.764177] I/O error, dev nvme0n1, sector 77335776 op 0x1:(WRITE) flags 0x4000800 phys_seg 1 prio class 2
[95256.774805] BTRFS error (device nvme0n1p3): bdev /dev/nvme0n1p3 errs: wr 2, rd 1, flush 0, corrupt 0, gen 0
[97602.825969] ata6.00: exception Emask 0x0 SAct 0x0 SErr 0x0 action 0x6 frozen
[97602.833948] ata6.00: failed command: WRITE DMA EXT
[97602.839911] ata6.00: cmd 35/00:00:78:5a:4c/00:04:09:00:00/e0 tag 22 dma 524288 out
[97602.839911]          res 40/00:01:06:4f:c2/00:00:00:00:00/00 Emask 0x4 (timeout)
[97602.858583] ata6.00: status: { DRDY }
[97602.863617] ata6: hard resetting link
[97603.337938] ata6: SATA link up 6.0 Gbps (SStatus 133 SControl 300)
[97603.346750] ata6.00: supports DRM functions and may not be fully accessible
[97603.370306] ata6.00: supports DRM functions and may not be fully accessible
[97603.430476] ata6.00: configured for UDMA/133
[97603.445466] ahci 0001:03:00.0: port does not support device sleep
[97603.452251] ata6: EH complete
[97637.643844] BTRFS warning (device dm-1): csum failed root 263 ino 3692950 off 386400256 csum 0xd04e5f48 expected csum 0x6b9afaa1 mirror 1
[97637.657936] BTRFS error (device dm-1): bdev /dev/mapper/dshelf2 errs: wr 0, rd 0, flush 0, corrupt 1, gen 0
[97638.110104] BTRFS warning (device dm-1): csum failed root 263 ino 3692950 off 386400256 csum 0xd04e5f48 expected csum 0x6b9afaa1 mirror 1
[97638.123856] BTRFS error (device dm-1): bdev /dev/mapper/dshelf2 errs: wr 0, rd 0, flush 0, corrupt 2, gen 0
[97662.159091] BTRFS warning (device dm-1): csum failed root 263 ino 3692950 off 386400256 csum 0xd04e5f48 expected csum 0x6b9afaa1 mirror 1
[97662.173941] BTRFS error (device dm-1): bdev /dev/mapper/dshelf2 errs: wr 0, rd 0, flush 0, corrupt 3, gen 0
[97662.906008] BTRFS warning (device dm-1): csum failed root 263 ino 3692950 off 386400256 csum 0xd04e5f48 expected csum 0x6b9afaa1 mirror 1
[97662.920993] BTRFS error (device dm-1): bdev /dev/mapper/dshelf2 errs: wr 0, rd 0, flush 0, corrupt 4, gen 0



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Home page: http://marc.merlins.org/                       | PGP 7F55D5F27AAF9D08