Re: problem with HostbasedAuthentication

Sharad <[email protected]> Fri, 29 Apr 2011 12:19:49 +0530 (IST)
Newsgroups gmane.network.openssh.general
Message-ID <[email protected]>
Hi Mahmood,=0A=0AThis line looks out of place. Check that host name is gett=
ing resolved:=0A=0Aget_socket_address: getnameinfo 8 failed: Name or servic=
e not known=0A=0AI am sure you would have performed the same steps on both =
hosts. Try establishing connection with IP Address instead of hostname.=0A=
=0ARegards,=0ASharad=0A--- On Thu, 28/4/11, Mahmood Naderan <nt_mahmood@yah=
oo.com> wrote:=0A=0A> From: Mahmood Naderan <[email protected]>=0A> Subj=
ect: Re: problem with HostbasedAuthentication=0A> To: "Sharad" <sharad2011@=
yahoo.com>=0A> Cc: "[email protected]" <secureshell@securityfoc=
us.com>=0A> Date: Thursday, 28 April, 2011, 11:12 PM=0A> Dear Sharad,=0A> I=
 am now trying to setup a hostbased ssh from server to=0A> client (previous=
ly client->server worked fine based on=0A> your help). I want it to be bidi=
rectional.=0A> =A0=0A> I did the same thing in reverse (now the client beco=
mes=0A> server and the server becoms client). However this is what I=0A> ge=
t while trying to ssh from server to client:=0A> =A0=0A> =A0=0A> debug3: Wr=
ote 48 bytes for a total of 1063=0A> debug2: service_accept: ssh-userauth=
=0A> debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT received=0A> debug2: key: /home/mahmoo=
d/.ssh/identity ((nil))=0A> debug2: key: /home/mahmood/.ssh/id_rsa ((nil))=
=0A> debug2: key: /home/mahmood/.ssh/id_dsa ((nil))=0A> debug3: Wrote 64 by=
tes for a total of 1127=0A> debug1: Authentications that can continue:=0A> =
publickey,password,hostbased=0A> debug3: start over, passed a different lis=
t=0A> publickey,password,hostbased=0A> debug3: preferred=0A> gssapi-keyex,g=
ssapi-with-mic,gssapi,hostbased,publickey,keyboard-interactive,password=0A>=
 debug3: authmethod_lookup hostbased=0A> debug3: remaining preferred:=0A> p=
ublickey,keyboard-interactive,password=0A> debug3: authmethod_is_enabled ho=
stbased=0A> debug1: Next authentication method: hostbased=0A> get_socket_ad=
dress: getnameinfo 8 failed: Name or service=0A> not known=0A> debug2: user=
auth_hostbased: chost server.=0A> debug2: ssh_keysign called=0A> debug3: ss=
h_msg_send: type 2=0A> debug3: ssh_msg_recv entering=0A> debug1: permanentl=
y_drop_suid: 1000=0A> get_socket_address: getnameinfo 8 failed: Name or ser=
vice=0A> not known=0A> cannot get sockname for fd=0A> ssh_keysign: no reply=
=0A> key_sign failed=0A> debug2: we did not send a packet, disable method=
=0A> debug3: authmethod_lookup publickey=0A> debug3: remaining preferred: k=
eyboard-interactive,password=0A> debug3: authmethod_is_enabled publickey=0A=
> debug1: Next authentication method: publickey=0A> debug1: Trying private =
key: /home/mahmood/.ssh/identity=0A> debug3: no such identity: /home/mahmoo=
d/.ssh/identity=0A> debug1: Trying private key: /home/mahmood/.ssh/id_rsa=
=0A> debug3: no such identity: /home/mahmood/.ssh/id_rsa=0A> debug1: Trying=
 private key: /home/mahmood/.ssh/id_dsa=0A> debug3: no such identity: /home=
/mahmood/.ssh/id_dsa=0A> debug2: we did not send a packet, disable method=
=0A> debug3: authmethod_lookup password=0A> debug3: remaining preferred: ,p=
assword=0A> debug3: authmethod_is_enabled password=0A> debug1: Next authent=
ication method: password=0A> [email protected]'s password:=0A> =0A> =A0=
=0A> What is your suggestion?=0A> =0A> // Naderan *Mahmood;=0A> =0A> =0A> -=
---- Original Message -----=0A> From: Sharad <[email protected]>=0A> To:=
 Mahmood Naderan <[email protected]>=0A> Cc: "secureshell@securityfocus.=
com"=0A> <[email protected]>=0A> Sent: Thursday, April 28, 2011=
 5:20 PM=0A> Subject: Re: problem with HostbasedAuthentication=0A> =0A> Mah=
mood, =0A> =0A> The files are /home/username/.ssh/known_hosts on both=0A> s=
erver and client.=0A> =0A> By FQDN, I meant host's fully qualified domain n=
ame. =0A> =0A> Following is the example:=0A> =0A> Assuming both client and =
server are linux hosts:=0A> =0A> Server IP: 192.168.1.1=0A> Client IP: 192.=
168.1.101=0A> =0A> Server Name: lnx_srvr_1.domain.com=0A> Client Name: lnx_=
clnt_101.domain.com=0A> =0A> User name on each host is mahmood.=0A> =0A> Fo=
llowing would be the entries in .shosts on lnx_srvr_1=0A> =0A> =0A> lnx_srv=
r_1:/home/mahmood $ cat .shosts=0A> =0A> lnx_clnt_101.domain.com mahmood=0A=
> 192.168.1.101 mahmood=0A> lnx_clnt_101 mahmood=0A> =0A> Following should =
exist in /home/mahmood/.ssh/known_hosts=0A> file on the server side:=0A> 19=
2.168.1.101,lnx_clnt_101,lnx_clnt_101.domain.com=A0=0A> ssh-rsa AAAAB3Nz...=
=0A> =0A> Following should also exist in=0A> /home/mahmood/.ssh/known_hosts=
 file on the client side:=0A> 192.168.1.1,lnx_srvr_1,lnx_srvr_1.domain.com=
=A0 ssh-rsa=0A> AAAAB3Nz...=0A> =0A> Ensure that .ssh directory on both cli=
ent and server are=0A> rwx for owner only and group/rest of world is 000.=
=0A> =0A> Hope this helps! Good Luck! :)=0A> =0A> Regards,=0A> Sharad=A0 =
=0A> --- On Thu, 28/4/11, Mahmood Naderan <[email protected]>=0A> wrote:=
=0A> =0A> > From: Mahmood Naderan <[email protected]>=0A> > Subject: Re:=
 problem with HostbasedAuthentication=0A> > To: "Sharad" <sharad2011@yahoo.=
com>=0A> > Cc: "[email protected]"=0A> <secureshell@securityfoc=
us.com>=0A> > Date: Thursday, 28 April, 2011, 3:54 PM=0A> > Can you explain=
 exactly which file I=0A> > should edit? What is FQDN? By 'hostname', Do yo=
u mean=0A> server=0A> > hostname of client hostname. =0A> > Should I do tha=
t on both side or server side?...=0A> > =0A> > // Naderan *Mahmood;=0A> > =
=0A> > =0A> > ----- Original Message -----=0A> > From: Sharad <sharad2011@y=
ahoo.com>=0A> > To: Mahmood Naderan <[email protected]>;=0A> > Asif Iqba=
l <[email protected]>=0A> > Cc: "[email protected]"=0A> > <secur=
[email protected]>=0A> > Sent: Thursday, April 28, 2011 1:16 PM=0A> =
> Subject: Re: problem with HostbasedAuthentication=0A> > =0A> > Sometimes =
the issue lies with hostname as well. What I=0A> mean=0A> > with that is th=
e known_hosts may have just the host=0A> name=0A> > where as when the conne=
ction is established, the debug=0A> shows=0A> > the FQDN. I faced this issu=
e so to be sure, I edited=0A> the=0A> > known_hosts file and inserted the h=
ostname, hostname's=0A> FQDN=0A> > and it's IP address (all comma separated=
).=0A> > =0A> > Also ensure that you both the hosts' known_hosts files=0A> =
have=0A> > opposite servers names (as prescribed above). =0A> > =0A> > All =
the above checks makes it work for me.=0A> > =0A> > Hope this solves.=0A> >=
 =0A> > Kind regards,=0A> > Sharad=0A> > --- On Thu, 28/4/11, Asif Iqbal <v=
[email protected]>=0A> > wrote:=0A> > =0A> > > From: Asif Iqbal <vadud3@gmail=
.com>=0A> > > Subject: Re: problem with=0A> HostbasedAuthentication=0A> > >=
 To: "Mahmood Naderan" <[email protected]>=0A> > > Cc: "secureshell@secu=
rityfocus.com"=0A> > <[email protected]>=0A> > > Date: Thursday=
, 28 April, 2011, 12:38 AM=0A> > > On Wed, Apr 27, 2011 at 1:12 AM,=0A> > >=
 Mahmood Naderan <[email protected]>=0A> > > wrote:=0A> > > >>Change the=
 order method. Have hostbased=0A> > before=0A> > > password=0A> > > >=0A> >=
 > > Sorry where should I do that?=0A> > > =0A> > > man ssh_config and look=
 into=0A> PreferredAuthentications=0A> > > =0A> > > >=0A> > > > // Naderan =
*Mahmood;=0A> > > >=0A> > > > From: Asif Iqbal <[email protected]>=0A> > > >=
 To: Mahmood Naderan <[email protected]>=0A> > > > Cc: "secureshell@secu=
rityfocus.com"=0A> > > <[email protected]>=0A> > > > Sent: Wedn=
esday, April 27, 2011 9:17 AM=0A> > > > Subject: Re: problem with=0A> > Hos=
tbasedAuthentication=0A> > > >=0A> > > >=0A> > > > Change the order method.=
 Have hostbased=0A> before=0A> > > password=0A> > > > On Apr 26, 2011 11:52=
 PM, "Mahmood Naderan"=0A> > <[email protected]>=0A> > > wrote:=0A> > > =
>>=0A> > > >>=0A> > > >> Hi,=0A> > > >> I am trying to setup a hostbased=0A=
> passwrodless=0A> > ssh=0A> > > from a client to a server using this guide=
 http://www.ehow.com/how_7621307_set-up-hostbased-authentication.html.=0A> =
> > >>=0A> > > >> The client looks like:=0A> > > >>=0A> > > >> mahmood@clie=
nt:~$ cat=0A> /etc/ssh/ssh_config=A0 |=0A> > grep=0A> > > "HostbasedAuthent=
ication"=0A> > > >> =A0=A0 HostbasedAuthentication yes=0A> > > >> mahmood@c=
lient:~$ cat=0A> /etc/ssh/ssh_config=A0 |=0A> > grep=0A> > > "EnableSSHKeys=
ign"=0A> > > >> =A0=A0 EnableSSHKeysign yes=0A> > > >>=0A> > > >>=0A> > > >=
> and the server looks like:=0A> > > >> mahmood@server:~$ cat=0A> /etc/ssh/=
sshd_config=A0=0A> > |=0A> > > grep "HostbasedAuthentication"=0A> > > >> Ho=
stbasedAuthentication yes=0A> > > >> mahmood@server:~$ cat=0A> /etc/ssh/ssh=
d_config=A0=0A> > |=0A> > > grep "IgnoreRhosts"=0A> > > >> IgnoreRhosts no=
=0A> > > >>=0A> > > >> also the server has the key for client:=0A> > > >>=
=0A> > > >> mahmood@server:~$ cat=0A> > /etc/ssh/ssh_known_hosts=0A> > > >>=
 client ssh-rsa AAAAB3Nz.....=0A> > > >>=0A> > > >> the ~/.shosts file on t=
he server=0A> contains:=0A> > > >> mahmood@server:~$ cat .shosts=0A> > > >>=
 client.domain mahmood=0A> > > >>=0A> > > >> Then on both server and client=
, the ssh=0A> > service is=0A> > > restarted:=0A> > > >> mahmood@client:~$ =
sudo service ssh=0A> restart=0A> > > >> ssh start/running, process 1355=0A>=
 > > >> mahmood@server:~$ sudo service ssh=0A> restart=0A> > > >> ssh start=
/running, process 28982=0A> > > >>=0A> > > >> How, when I run "ssh -vvv ser=
ver" from=0A> client=0A> > (to=0A> > > show the verbose messages), I still =
get the=0A> password=0A> > > prompt.=0A> > > >>=0A> > > >> mahmood@client:~=
$ ssh -vvv server=0A> > > >> OpenSSH_5.3p1 Debian-3ubuntu6, OpenSSL=0A> 0.9=
.8k=0A> > 25=0A> > > Mar 2009=0A> > > >> debug1: Reading configuration data=
=0A> > > /etc/ssh/ssh_config=0A> > > >> debug1: Applying options for *=0A> =
> > >> debug2: ssh_connect: needpriv 0=0A> > > >> debug1: Connecting to ser=
ver=0A> [192.168.1.1]=0A> > port=0A> > > 22.=0A> > > >> debug1: Connection =
established.=0A> > > >> debug1: identity file=0A> > /home/mahmood/.ssh/iden=
tity=0A> > > type -1=0A> > > >> debug1: identity file=0A> > /home/mahmood/.=
ssh/id_rsa=0A> > > type -1=0A> > > >> debug1: identity file=0A> > /home/mah=
mood/.ssh/id_dsa=0A> > > type -1=0A> > > >> debug1: Remote protocol version=
 2.0,=0A> remote=0A> > > software version OpenSSH_5.3p1 Debian-3ubuntu4=0A>=
 > > >> debug1: match: OpenSSH_5.3p1=0A> Debian-3ubuntu4=0A> > pat=0A> > > =
OpenSSH*=0A> > > >> debug1: Enabling compatibility mode for=0A> > protocol=
=0A> > > 2.0=0A> > > >> debug1: Local version string=0A> > SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_=
5.3p1=0A> > > Debian-3ubuntu6=0A> > > >> debug2: fd 3 setting O_NONBLOCK=0A=
> > > >> debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT sent=0A> > > >> debug3: Wrote 792 bytes f=
or a total of=0A> 831=0A> > > >> debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT received=0A> > > =
>> debug2: kex_parse_kexinit:=0A> > >=0A> >=0A> diffie-hellman-group-exchan=
ge-sha256,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha1,diffie-hellman-group14-sha1,di=
ffie-hellman-=0A> > > >> group1-sha1=0A> > > >> debug2: kex_parse_kexinit:=
=0A> ssh-rsa,ssh-dss=0A> > > >> debug2: kex_parse_kexinit:=0A> > >=0A> >=0A=
> aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,arcfour256,arcfour128,aes128-cbc,3des-cb=
c,blowfish-cbc,cast128-cbc,aes192-=0A> > > >> cbc,aes256-cbc,arcfour,rijnda=
[email protected]=0A> > > >> debug2: kex_parse_kexinit:=0A> > >=0A> >=
=0A> aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,arcfour256,arcfour128,aes128-cbc,3des=
-cbc,blowfish-cbc,cast128-cbc,aes192-=0A> > > >> cbc,aes256-cbc,arcfour,rij=
[email protected]=0A> > > >> debug2: kex_parse_kexinit:=0A> > hmac-m=
d5,hmac-sha1,[email protected],hmac-ripemd160,[email protected],=
hmac-sha1-96,hmac-=0A> > > >> md5-96=0A> > > >> debug2: kex_parse_kexinit:=
=0A> > hmac-md5,hmac-sha1,[email protected],hmac-ripemd160,hmac-ripemd160=
@openssh.com,hmac-sha1-96,hmac-=0A> > > >> md5-96=0A> > > >> debug2: kex_pa=
rse_kexinit: none,[email protected],zlib=0A> > > >> debug2: kex_parse_kexini=
t: none,[email protected],zlib=0A> > > >> debug2: kex_parse_kexinit:=0A> > >=
 >> debug2: kex_parse_kexinit:=0A> > > >> debug2: kex_parse_kexinit:=0A> fi=
rst_kex_follows=0A> > 0=0A> > > >> debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: reserved 0=0A=
> > > >> debug2: kex_parse_kexinit:=0A> > >=0A> >=0A> diffie-hellman-group-=
exchange-sha256,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha1,diffie-hellman-group14-s=
ha1,diffie-hellman-=0A> > > >> group1-sha1=0A> > > >> debug2: kex_parse_kex=
init:=0A> ssh-rsa,ssh-dss=0A> > > >> debug2: kex_parse_kexinit:=0A> > >=0A>=
 >=0A> aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,arcfour256,arcfour128,aes128-cbc,3d=
es-cbc,blowfish-cbc,cast128-cbc,aes192-=0A> > > >> cbc,aes256-cbc,arcfour,r=
[email protected]=0A> > > >> debug2: kex_parse_kexinit:=0A> > >=0A=
> >=0A> aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,arcfour256,arcfour128,aes128-cbc,3=
des-cbc,blowfish-cbc,cast128-cbc,aes192-=0A> > > >> cbc,aes256-cbc,arcfour,=
[email protected]=0A> > > >> debug2: kex_parse_kexinit:=0A> > hma=
c-md5,hmac-sha1,[email protected],hmac-ripemd160,[email protected]=
om,hmac-sha1-96,hmac-=0A> > > >> md5-96=0A> > > >> debug2: kex_parse_kexini=
t:=0A> > hmac-md5,hmac-sha1,[email protected],hmac-ripemd160,hmac-ripemd1=
[email protected],hmac-sha1-96,hmac-=0A> > > >> md5-96=0A> > > >> debug2: kex_=
parse_kexinit: none,[email protected]=0A> > > >> debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: =
none,[email protected]=0A> > > >> debug2: kex_parse_kexinit:=0A> > > >> debu=
g2: kex_parse_kexinit:=0A> > > >> debug2: kex_parse_kexinit:=0A> first_kex_=
follows=0A> > 0=0A> > > >> debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: reserved 0=0A> > > >>=
 debug2: mac_setup: found hmac-md5=0A> > > >> debug1: kex: server->client=
=0A> aes128-ctr=0A> > hmac-md5=0A> > > none=0A> > > >> debug2: mac_setup: f=
ound hmac-md5=0A> > > >> debug1: kex: client->server=0A> aes128-ctr=0A> > h=
mac-md5=0A> > > none=0A> > > >> debug1:=0A> > >=0A> SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REQ=
UEST(1024<1024<8192)=0A> > sent=0A> > > >> debug1: expecting=0A> SSH2_MSG_K=
EX_DH_GEX_GROUP=0A> > > >> debug3: Wrote 24 bytes for a total of=0A> 855=0A=
> > > >> debug2: dh_gen_key: priv key bits set:=0A> > 124/256=0A> > > >> de=
bug2: bits set: 507/1024=0A> > > >> debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_INIT sent=
=0A> > > >> debug1: expecting=0A> SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REPLY=0A> > > >> debu=
g3: Wrote 144 bytes for a total of=0A> 999=0A> > > >> debug3: check_host_in=
_hostfile:=0A> filename=0A> > > /home/mahmood/.ssh/known_hosts=0A> > > >> d=
ebug3: check_host_in_hostfile: match=0A> line 1=0A> > > >> debug3: check_ho=
st_in_hostfile:=0A> filename=0A> > > /home/mahmood/.ssh/known_hosts=0A> > >=
 >> debug3: check_host_in_hostfile: match=0A> line 2=0A> > > >> debug1: Hos=
t 'server' is known and=0A> matches=0A> > the RSA=0A> > > host key.=0A> > >=
 >> debug1: Found key in=0A> > > /home/mahmood/.ssh/known_hosts:1=0A> > > >=
> debug2: bits set: 503/1024=0A> > > >> debug1: ssh_rsa_verify: signature=
=0A> correct=0A> > > >> debug2: kex_derive_keys=0A> > > >> debug2: set_newk=
eys: mode 1=0A> > > >> debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS sent=0A> > > >> debug1: exp=
ecting SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS=0A> > > >> debug3: Wrote 16 bytes for a total of=0A=
> 1015=0A> > > >> debug2: set_newkeys: mode 0=0A> > > >> debug1: SSH2_MSG_N=
EWKEYS received=0A> > > >> debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_REQUEST sent=0A> > > >>=
 debug3: Wrote 48 bytes for a total of=0A> 1063=0A> > > >> debug2: service_=
accept: ssh-userauth=0A> > > >> debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT=0A> receive=
d=0A> > > >> debug2: key:=0A> /home/mahmood/.ssh/identity=0A> > ((nil))=0A>=
 > > >> debug2: key: /home/mahmood/.ssh/id_rsa=0A> > ((nil))=0A> > > >> deb=
ug2: key: /home/mahmood/.ssh/id_dsa=0A> > ((nil))=0A> > > >> debug3: Wrote =
64 bytes for a total of=0A> 1127=0A> > > >> debug1: Authentications that ca=
n=0A> continue:=0A> > > publickey,password,hostbased=0A> > > >> debug3: sta=
rt over, passed a different=0A> list=0A> > > publickey,password,hostbased=
=0A> > > >> debug3: preferred=0A> > >=0A> >=0A> gssapi-keyex,gssapi-with-mi=
c,gssapi,hostbased,publickey,keyboard-interactive,password=0A> > > >> debug=
3: authmethod_lookup hostbased=0A> > > >> debug3: remaining preferred:=0A> =
> > publickey,keyboard-interactive,password=0A> > > >> debug3: authmethod_i=
s_enabled hostbased=0A> > > >> debug1: Next authentication method:=0A> > ho=
stbased=0A> > > >> debug2: userauth_hostbased: chost=0A> client.=0A> > > >>=
 debug2: ssh_keysign called=0A> > > >> debug3: ssh_msg_send: type 2=0A> > >=
 >> debug3: ssh_msg_recv entering=0A> > > >> debug1: permanently_drop_suid:=
 1000=0A> > > >> debug2: we sent a hostbased packet, wait=0A> for=0A> > > r=
eply=0A> > > >> debug3: Wrote 608 bytes for a total of=0A> 1735=0A> > > >> =
debug1: Authentications that can=0A> continue:=0A> > > publickey,password,h=
ostbased=0A> > > >> debug2: userauth_hostbased: chost=0A> client.=0A> > > >=
> debug2: ssh_keysign called=0A> > > >> debug3: ssh_msg_send: type 2=0A> > =
> >> debug3: ssh_msg_recv entering=0A> > > >> debug1: permanently_drop_suid=
: 1000=0A> > > >> debug2: we sent a hostbased packet, wait=0A> for=0A> > > =
reply=0A> > > >> debug3: Wrote 672 bytes for a total of=0A> 2407=0A> > > >>=
 debug1: Authentications that can=0A> continue:=0A> > > publickey,password,=
hostbased=0A> > > >> debug1: No more client hostkeys for=0A> > hostbased=0A=
> > > authentication.=0A> > > >> debug2: we did not send a packet,=0A> disa=
ble=0A> > method=0A> > > >> debug3: authmethod_lookup publickey=0A> > > >> =
debug3: remaining preferred:=0A> > > keyboard-interactive,password=0A> > > =
>> debug3: authmethod_is_enabled publickey=0A> > > >> debug1: Next authenti=
cation method:=0A> > publickey=0A> > > >> debug1: Trying private key:=0A> >=
 > /home/mahmood/.ssh/identity=0A> > > >> debug3: no such identity:=0A> > >=
 /home/mahmood/.ssh/identity=0A> > > >> debug1: Trying private key:=0A> > >=
 /home/mahmood/.ssh/id_rsa=0A> > > >> debug3: no such identity:=0A> > > /ho=
me/mahmood/.ssh/id_rsa=0A> > > >> debug1: Trying private key:=0A> > > /home=
/mahmood/.ssh/id_dsa=0A> > > >> debug3: no such identity:=0A> > > /home/mah=
mood/.ssh/id_dsa=0A> > > >> debug2: we did not send a packet,=0A> disable=
=0A> > method=0A> > > >> debug3: authmethod_lookup password=0A> > > >> debu=
g3: remaining preferred: ,password=0A> > > >> debug3: authmethod_is_enabled=
 password=0A> > > >> debug1: Next authentication method:=0A> password=0A> >=
 > >> mahmood@server's password:=0A> > > >>=0A> > > >>=0A> > > >> Any idea =
about that?=0A> > > >>=0A> > > >> // Naderan *Mahmood;=0A> > > >>=0A> > > >=
=0A> > > =0A> > > =0A> > > =0A> > > -- =0A> > > Asif Iqbal=0A> > > PGP Key:=
 0xE62693C5 KeyServer: pgp.mit.edu=0A> > > A: Because it messes up the orde=
r in which=0A> people=0A> > normally=0A> > > read text.=0A> > > Q: Why is t=
op-posting such a bad thing?=0A> > >=0A> >=0A> =0A>