Re: Permission Error with systemd

On 5/15/25 16:46, David Sommerseth wrote:
> On 15/05/2025 15:30, Stefanie Leisestreichler (Febas) wrote:
>> On 5/15/25 14:48, David Sommerseth wrote:
> [...snip...]
>>>
>>> Not when starting via systemd.  In this case, when the `User=openvpn` is
>>> set in the service unit file, systemd will drop to that user and set the
>>> requested capabilities before executing the binary in ExecStart=.
>>>
>>> But due to OpenVPN 2.x allowing a lot to happen before it normally drops
>>> privileges, a lot of additional capabilities was needed to grant to it -
>>> otherwise a lot of configurations didn't work as intended.
>>>
>>>
>> So when I get you right user openvpn in combination with systemd has a
>> lot more rights than nobody ever had...
> 
> Not quite so.
> 
> When starting OpenVPN without systemd, it must be started as root to
> have all the needed privileges.  When openvpn has completed the
> initialization, it will drop to the user given in openvpn configuration
> along with lesser set of capabilities.  During this initialization
> phase, the openvpn process has full root access and capabilities.
> 
> When starting OpenVPN with systemd, the openvpn process will be started
> as the openvpn user with a reduced set of capabilities.  The reduced set
> of capabilities is still quite comprehensive, but it is still a bit less
> than when starting directly as root.
> 
> The difference is basically that starting it via systemd, the openvpn
> process and most of the script hooks and plugins will never have the
> full root privileges, even in the early stages.  After the
> initialization phase has completed, the systemd approach will have
> basically the same set of capabilities enabled.  In the source code,
> platform_user_group_set() is the function handling this.
> 
> It should be possible to narrow down the needed capabilities even more
> in the systemd case, but that will require some refactoring to detect it
> being started more restricted and drop the steps of reducing its
> capability set.  And it would need some additional helper service for
> the script hooks to work well without needing to be re-written as well.
> 
> 

Thanks for your time and background info.



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