Re: Interrupt Storms on irq:11 with Tecra A4

Yousef Raffah <[email protected]>
Newsgroups gmane.os.freebsd.devel.mobile
Organization The Savola Group
Message-ID <[email protected]>
John Baldwin wrote:
> On Thursday 03 August 2006 15:28, Yousef Raffah wrote:
>   
>> John Baldwin wrote:
>>     
>>> On Thursday 03 August 2006 03:47, Yousef Raffah wrote:
>>>   
>>>       
>>>> John Baldwin wrote:
>>>>     
>>>>         
>>>>> On Wednesday 02 August 2006 01:56, Yousef Raffah wrote:
>>>>>   
>>>>> Well, these two appear to be your problem due to your BIOS having
>>>>> buggy ASL.  You can work around it, but you'll need to figure out
>>>>> the names of your link devices first.  'devinfo -v' with ACPI
>>>>> enabled can help with that.  For example, on my laptop:
>>>>>
>>>>> % devinfo -v | grep 'pci_link[67]'
>>>>>     pci_link6 pnpinfo _HID=PNP0C0F _UID=106 at handle=\_SB_.C002.C0F2
>>>>>     pci_link7 pnpinfo _HID=PNP0C0F _UID=107 at handle=\_SB_.C002.C0F3
>>>>>
>>>>>   
>>>>>       
>>>>>           
>>>> Here is my devinfo
>>>>  devinfo -v | grep 'pci_link[67]'
>>>>     pci_link6 pnpinfo _HID=PNP0C0F _UID=7 at handle=\_SB_.PCI0.LPCB.LNKG
>>>>     pci_link7 pnpinfo _HID=PNP0C0F _UID=8 at handle=\_SB_.PCI0.LPCB.LNKH
>>>>
>>>> So I can see that pci_link6 is named LNKG and pci_link7 is LNKH
>>>>     
>>>>         
>>> Yep.
>>>
>>>   
>>>       
>>>>> pci_link6 is called C0F2, and pci_link7 is called C0F3.  You'll use
>>>>> these names to override the IRQ for the link device by setting the
>>>>> following variables in the loader:
>>>>>
>>>>> hw.pci.link.C0F2.irq=11
>>>>> hw.pci.link.C0F3.irq=11
>>>>>
>>>>> (You'll have to replace C0F2 and C0F3 with the names for your link
>>>>> devices.  Probably LNKF and LNKG.)
>>>>>       
>>>>>           
>>>> Based on that, I should have the following in my /boot/loader.conf?
>>>> hw.pci.link.LNKG.irq=11
>>>> hw.pci.link.LNKH.irq=11
>>>>     
>>>>         
>>> Yep.
>>>
>>>   
>>>       
>>>> Let us try the loader file first and see if we need the patch after that.
>>>>     
>>>>         
>>> Ok.  I'm betting you will need the patch, but just want to make sure 
>>>       
> first.
>   
>>>   
>>>       
>> Looks like I do need the patch as the interrupt storm is still there.
>> Now how do I do that?
>> What should I do with this code? I mean where to put it? is there a
>> special way of
>> patch file < your_patch ?
>>     
>
> Just:
>
> cd /usr/src/sys
> patch < /path/to/patch_file
>
> and then build a new kernel.
>
>   
>> Index: dev/acpica/acpi_pci_link.c
>> ===================================================================
>> RCS file: /usr/cvs/src/sys/dev/acpica/acpi_pci_link.c,v
>> retrieving revision 1.53
>> diff -u -r1.53 acpi_pci_link.c
>> --- dev/acpica/acpi_pci_link.c	6 Jan 2006 16:14:32 -0000	1.53
>> +++ dev/acpica/acpi_pci_link.c	2 Aug 2006 14:27:09 -0000
>> @@ -941,18 +941,16 @@
>>  	KASSERT(!PCI_INTERRUPT_VALID(link->l_irq),
>>  	    ("%s: link already has an IRQ", __func__));
>>  
>> -	/* Check for a tunable override and use it if it is valid. */
>> +	/* Check for a tunable override. */
>>  	if (ACPI_SUCCESS(acpi_short_name(acpi_get_handle(dev), link_name,
>>  	    sizeof(link_name)))) {
>>  		snprintf(tunable_buffer, sizeof(tunable_buffer),
>>  		    "hw.pci.link.%s.%d.irq", link_name, link->l_res_index);
>> -		if (getenv_int(tunable_buffer, &i) &&
>> -		    PCI_INTERRUPT_VALID(i) && link_valid_irq(link, i))
>> +		if (getenv_int(tunable_buffer, &i) && PCI_INTERRUPT_VALID(i))
>>  			return (i);
>>  		snprintf(tunable_buffer, sizeof(tunable_buffer),
>>  		    "hw.pci.link.%s.irq", link_name);
>> -		if (getenv_int(tunable_buffer, &i) &&
>> -		    PCI_INTERRUPT_VALID(i) && link_valid_irq(link, i))
>> +		if (getenv_int(tunable_buffer, &i) && PCI_INTERRUPT_VALID(i))
>>  			return (i);
>>  	}
>>
>>  
>>     
Thank you very much John for your great help and support. Now that I
have the patch working, do I need to remove the entries
hw.pci.link.LNKG.irq=11
hw.pci.link.LNKH.irq=11

from my /boot/loader.conf?

I assume I have to do this every time I buildworld, right?

In case you are interested, here is my /var/run/dmesg.boot from a
verbose dmesg, I just hope those unretryable errors are not a big deal!

io: <I/O>
kbd: new array size 4
kbd1 at kbdmux0
mem: <memory>
Pentium Pro MTRR support enabled
null: <null device, zero device>
ath_hal: 0.9.17.2 (AR5210, AR5211, AR5212, RF5111, RF5112, RF2413, RF5413)
rr232x: RocketRAID 232x controller driver v1.02 (Aug  6 2006 10:55:03)
npx0: INT 16 interface
acpi0: <INSYDE RSDT_000> on motherboard
acpi0: [MPSAFE]
pci_open(1):    mode 1 addr port (0x0cf8) is 0x80010014
pci_open(1a):   mode1res=0x80000000 (0x80000000)
pci_cfgcheck:   device 0 [class=060000] [hdr=00] is there (id=25908086)
pcibios: BIOS version 2.10
Found $PIR table, 12 entries at 0xc00fe840
PCI-Only Interrupts: none
Location  Bus Device Pin  Link  IRQs
embedded    0    1    A   0x60  5 9 10 11
embedded    0   28    A   0x61  5 9 10 11
embedded    0   28    B   0x60  5 9 10 11
embedded    0   28    C   0x62  5 9 10 11
embedded    0   28    D   0x63  5 9 10 11
embedded    0   29    A   0x6b  5 9 10 11
embedded    0   29    B   0x63  5 9 10 11
embedded    0   29    C   0x62  5 9 10 11
embedded    0   29    D   0x60  5 9 10 11
embedded    0   30    A   0x61  5 9 10 11
embedded    0   30    B   0x68  5 9 10 11
embedded    0   31    A   0x62  5 9 10 11
embedded    0   31    B   0x63  5 9 10 11
embedded    0   31    D   0x60  5 9 10 11
embedded    1    0    A   0x60  5 9 10 11
embedded    1    0    B   0x61  5 9 10 11
embedded    1    0    C   0x62  5 9 10 11
embedded    1    0    D   0x63  5 9 10 11
embedded    2    0    A   0x60  5 9 10 11
embedded    2    0    B   0x61  5 9 10 11
embedded    2    0    C   0x62  5 9 10 11
embedded    2    0    D   0x63  5 9 10 11
embedded    3    0    A   0x61  5 9 10 11
embedded    3    0    B   0x62  5 9 10 11
embedded    3    0    C   0x63  5 9 10 11
embedded    3    0    D   0x60  5 9 10 11
embedded    4    0    A   0x62  5 9 10 11
embedded    4    0    B   0x63  5 9 10 11
embedded    4    0    C   0x60  5 9 10 11
embedded    4    0    D   0x61  5 9 10 11
embedded    5    0    A   0x63  5 9 10 11
embedded    5    0    B   0x60  5 9 10 11
embedded    5    0    C   0x61  5 9 10 11
embedded    5    0    D   0x62  5 9 10 11
embedded    6    4    A   0x60  5 9 10 11
embedded    6    4    B   0x61  5 9 10 11
embedded    6    6    A   0x62  5 9 10 11
embedded    6    6    B   0x63  5 9 10 11
embedded    6    6    C   0x6a  5 9 10 11
embedded    6    6    D   0x68  5 9 10 11
acpi_bus_number: root bus has no _BBN, assuming 0
acpi_bus_number: can't get _ADR
acpi_bus_number: can't get _ADR
AcpiOsDerivePciId: bus 6 dev 6 func 1
acpi_bus_number: root bus has no _BBN, assuming 0
acpi_bus_number: can't get _ADR
acpi_bus_number: can't get _ADR
AcpiOsDerivePciId: bus 0 dev 31 func 0
acpi0: Power Button (fixed)
acpi0: wakeup code va 0xccb94000 pa 0x9d000
atpic: Programming IRQ9 as level/low
acpi_bus_number: root bus has no _BBN, assuming 0
acpi_bus_number: can't get _ADR
acpi_bus_number: can't get _ADR
AcpiOsDerivePciId: bus 0 dev 0 func 0
ACPI timer: 1/2 1/2 1/2 1/2 1/2 1/2 1/2 1/2 1/2 1/2 -> 10
Timecounter "ACPI-fast" frequency 3579545 Hz quality 1000
acpi_timer0: <24-bit timer at 3.579545MHz> port 0x1008-0x100b on acpi0
acpi_ec0: <Embedded Controller: GPE 0x10> port 0x62,0x66 on acpi0
pci_link0: Links after initial probe:
Index  IRQ  Rtd  Ref  IRQs
    0   11   N     0  5 11
pci_link0: Links after initial validation:
Index  IRQ  Rtd  Ref  IRQs
    0   11   N     0  5 11
pci_link0: Links after disable:
Index  IRQ  Rtd  Ref  IRQs
    0  255   N     0  5 11
pci_link1: Links after initial probe:
Index  IRQ  Rtd  Ref  IRQs
    0   10   N     0  5 10 11
pci_link1: Links after initial validation:
Index  IRQ  Rtd  Ref  IRQs
    0   10   N     0  5 10 11
pci_link1: Links after disable:
Index  IRQ  Rtd  Ref  IRQs
    0  255   N     0  5 10 11
pci_link2: Links after initial probe:
Index  IRQ  Rtd  Ref  IRQs
    0   11   N     0  5 11
pci_link2: Links after initial validation:
Index  IRQ  Rtd  Ref  IRQs
    0   11   N     0  5 11
pci_link2: Links after disable:
Index  IRQ  Rtd  Ref  IRQs
    0  255   N     0  5 11
pci_link3: Links after initial probe:
Index  IRQ  Rtd  Ref  IRQs
    0   11   N     0  5 10 11
pci_link3: Links after initial validation:
Index  IRQ  Rtd  Ref  IRQs
    0   11   N     0  5 10 11
pci_link3: Links after disable:
Index  IRQ  Rtd  Ref  IRQs
    0  255   N     0  5 10 11
pci_link4: Links after initial probe:
Index  IRQ  Rtd  Ref  IRQs
    0    5   N     0  5 11
pci_link4: Links after initial validation:
Index  IRQ  Rtd  Ref  IRQs
    0    5   N     0  5 11
pci_link4: Links after disable:
Index  IRQ  Rtd  Ref  IRQs
    0  255   N     0  5 11
pci_link5: Links after initial probe:
Index  IRQ  Rtd  Ref  IRQs
    0  255   N     0  5 10
pci_link5: Links after initial validation:
Index  IRQ  Rtd  Ref  IRQs
    0  255   N     0  5 10
pci_link5: Links after disable:
Index  IRQ  Rtd  Ref  IRQs
    0  255   N     0  5 10
pci_link6: Links after initial probe:
Index  IRQ  Rtd  Ref  IRQs
    0   11   N     0  6
pci_link6: Links after initial validation:
Index  IRQ  Rtd  Ref  IRQs
    0  255   N     0  6
pci_link6: Links after disable:
Index  IRQ  Rtd  Ref  IRQs
    0  255   N     0  6
pci_link7: Links after initial probe:
Index  IRQ  Rtd  Ref  IRQs
    0   11   N     0  5 10
pci_link7: Links after initial validation:
Index  IRQ  Rtd  Ref  IRQs
    0  255   N     0  5 10
pci_link7: Links after disable:
Index  IRQ  Rtd  Ref  IRQs
    0  255   N     0  5 10
cpu0: <ACPI CPU> on acpi0
acpi_perf0: <ACPI CPU Frequency Control> on cpu0
acpi_perf0: failed in PERF_STATUS attach
device_attach: acpi_perf0 attach returned 6
acpi_perf0: <ACPI CPU Frequency Control> on cpu0
acpi_perf0: failed in PERF_STATUS attach
device_attach: acpi_perf0 attach returned 6
acpi_throttle0: <ACPI CPU Throttling> on cpu0
acpi_throttle0: P_CNT from P_BLK 0x1010
acpi_acad0: <AC Adapter> on acpi0
battery0: <ACPI Control Method Battery> on acpi0
acpi_lid0: <Control Method Lid Switch> on acpi0
acpi_button0: <Power Button> on acpi0
pcib0: <ACPI Host-PCI bridge> port 0xcf8-0xcff on acpi0
ACPI: Found matching pin for 0.1.INTA at func 0: 11
ACPI: Found matching pin for 0.28.INTA at func 0: 10
ACPI: Found matching pin for 0.28.INTB at func 1: 11
ACPI: Found matching pin for 0.29.INTA at func 0: 11
pci_link7: BIOS IRQ 11 for 0.29.INTA is invalid
ACPI: Found matching pin for 0.29.INTB at func 1: 11
ACPI: Found matching pin for 0.29.INTC at func 2: 11
ACPI: Found matching pin for 0.29.INTD at func 3: 11
ACPI: Found matching pin for 0.30.INTA at func 2: 10
ACPI: Found matching pin for 0.30.INTB at func 3: 5
ACPI: Found matching pin for 0.31.INTB at func 2: 255
pci0: <ACPI PCI bus> on pcib0
pci0: physical bus=0
found-> vendor=0x8086, dev=0x2590, revid=0x03
        bus=0, slot=0, func=0
        class=06-00-00, hdrtype=0x00, mfdev=0
        cmdreg=0x0006, statreg=0x2090, cachelnsz=0 (dwords)
        lattimer=0x00 (0 ns), mingnt=0x00 (0 ns), maxlat=0x00 (0 ns)
found-> vendor=0x8086, dev=0x2591, revid=0x03
        bus=0, slot=1, func=0
        class=06-04-00, hdrtype=0x01, mfdev=0
        cmdreg=0x0007, statreg=0x0010, cachelnsz=4 (dwords)
        lattimer=0x00 (0 ns), mingnt=0x0a (2500 ns), maxlat=0x00 (0 ns)
        intpin=a, irq=11
pcib0: matched entry for 0.1.INTA (src \\_SB_.PCI0.LPCB.LNKA:0)
pcib0: slot 1 INTA routed to irq 11 via \\_SB_.PCI0.LPCB.LNKA
found-> vendor=0x8086, dev=0x2660, revid=0x04
        bus=0, slot=28, func=0
        class=06-04-00, hdrtype=0x01, mfdev=1
        cmdreg=0x0007, statreg=0x0010, cachelnsz=4 (dwords)
        lattimer=0x00 (0 ns), mingnt=0x02 (500 ns), maxlat=0x00 (0 ns)
        intpin=a, irq=10
pcib0: matched entry for 0.28.INTA (src \\_SB_.PCI0.LPCB.LNKB:0)
pcib0: slot 28 INTA routed to irq 10 via \\_SB_.PCI0.LPCB.LNKB
found-> vendor=0x8086, dev=0x2662, revid=0x04
        bus=0, slot=28, func=1
        class=06-04-00, hdrtype=0x01, mfdev=1
        cmdreg=0x0007, statreg=0x0010, cachelnsz=4 (dwords)
        lattimer=0x00 (0 ns), mingnt=0x02 (500 ns), maxlat=0x00 (0 ns)
        intpin=b, irq=11
pcib0: matched entry for 0.28.INTB (src \\_SB_.PCI0.LPCB.LNKA:0)
pcib0: slot 28 INTB routed to irq 11 via \\_SB_.PCI0.LPCB.LNKA
found-> vendor=0x8086, dev=0x2658, revid=0x04
        bus=0, slot=29, func=0
        class=0c-03-00, hdrtype=0x00, mfdev=1
        cmdreg=0x0005, statreg=0x0280, cachelnsz=0 (dwords)
        lattimer=0x00 (0 ns), mingnt=0x00 (0 ns), maxlat=0x00 (0 ns)
        intpin=a, irq=11
        map[20]: type 4, range 32, base 00001200, size  5, enabled
pcib0: matched entry for 0.29.INTA (src \\_SB_.PCI0.LPCB.LNKH:0)
pcib0: slot 29 INTA routed to irq 11 via \\_SB_.PCI0.LPCB.LNKH
found-> vendor=0x8086, dev=0x2659, revid=0x04
        bus=0, slot=29, func=1
        class=0c-03-00, hdrtype=0x00, mfdev=0
        cmdreg=0x0005, statreg=0x0280, cachelnsz=0 (dwords)
        lattimer=0x00 (0 ns), mingnt=0x00 (0 ns), maxlat=0x00 (0 ns)
        intpin=b, irq=11
        map[20]: type 4, range 32, base 00001220, size  5, enabled
pcib0: matched entry for 0.29.INTB (src \\_SB_.PCI0.LPCB.LNKD:0)
pcib0: slot 29 INTB routed to irq 11 via \\_SB_.PCI0.LPCB.LNKD
found-> vendor=0x8086, dev=0x265a, revid=0x04
        bus=0, slot=29, func=2
        class=0c-03-00, hdrtype=0x00, mfdev=0
        cmdreg=0x0005, statreg=0x0280, cachelnsz=0 (dwords)
        lattimer=0x00 (0 ns), mingnt=0x00 (0 ns), maxlat=0x00 (0 ns)
        intpin=c, irq=11
        map[20]: type 4, range 32, base 00001240, size  5, enabled
pcib0: matched entry for 0.29.INTC (src \\_SB_.PCI0.LPCB.LNKC:0)
pcib0: slot 29 INTC routed to irq 11 via \\_SB_.PCI0.LPCB.LNKC
found-> vendor=0x8086, dev=0x265b, revid=0x04
        bus=0, slot=29, func=3
        class=0c-03-00, hdrtype=0x00, mfdev=0
        cmdreg=0x0005, statreg=0x0280, cachelnsz=0 (dwords)
        lattimer=0x00 (0 ns), mingnt=0x00 (0 ns), maxlat=0x00 (0 ns)
        intpin=d, irq=11
        map[20]: type 4, range 32, base 00001260, size  5, enabled
pcib0: matched entry for 0.29.INTD (src \\_SB_.PCI0.LPCB.LNKA:0)
pcib0: slot 29 INTD routed to irq 11 via \\_SB_.PCI0.LPCB.LNKA
found-> vendor=0x8086, dev=0x265c, revid=0x04
        bus=0, slot=29, func=7
        class=0c-03-20, hdrtype=0x00, mfdev=0
        cmdreg=0x0000, statreg=0x0290, cachelnsz=0 (dwords)
        lattimer=0x00 (0 ns), mingnt=0x00 (0 ns), maxlat=0x00 (0 ns)
        intpin=a, irq=11
        powerspec 2  supports D0 D3  current D0
        map[10]: type 1, range 32, base f4000000, size 10, memory disabled
pcib0: matched entry for 0.29.INTA (src \\_SB_.PCI0.LPCB.LNKH:0)
pcib0: slot 29 INTA routed to irq 11 via \\_SB_.PCI0.LPCB.LNKH
found-> vendor=0x8086, dev=0x2448, revid=0xd4
        bus=0, slot=30, func=0
        class=06-04-01, hdrtype=0x01, mfdev=1
        cmdreg=0x0007, statreg=0x0010, cachelnsz=0 (dwords)
        lattimer=0x00 (0 ns), mingnt=0x06 (1500 ns), maxlat=0x00 (0 ns)
found-> vendor=0x8086, dev=0x266e, revid=0x04
        bus=0, slot=30, func=2
        class=04-01-00, hdrtype=0x00, mfdev=0
        cmdreg=0x0007, statreg=0x0290, cachelnsz=0 (dwords)
        lattimer=0x00 (0 ns), mingnt=0x00 (0 ns), maxlat=0x00 (0 ns)
        intpin=a, irq=10
        powerspec 2  supports D0 D3  current D0
        map[10]: type 4, range 32, base 0000e000, size  8, enabled
        map[14]: type 4, range 32, base 0000e100, size  6, enabled
        map[18]: type 1, range 32, base d0000000, size  9, enabled
        map[1c]: type 1, range 32, base d0000200, size  8, enabled
pcib0: matched entry for 0.30.INTA (src \\_SB_.PCI0.LPCB.LNKB:0)
pcib0: slot 30 INTA routed to irq 10 via \\_SB_.PCI0.LPCB.LNKB
found-> vendor=0x8086, dev=0x266d, revid=0x04
        bus=0, slot=30, func=3
        class=07-03-00, hdrtype=0x00, mfdev=0
        cmdreg=0x0005, statreg=0x0290, cachelnsz=0 (dwords)
        lattimer=0x00 (0 ns), mingnt=0x00 (0 ns), maxlat=0x00 (0 ns)
        intpin=b, irq=5
        powerspec 2  supports D0 D3  current D0
        map[10]: type 4, range 32, base 0000e200, size  8, enabled
        map[14]: type 4, range 32, base 0000e300, size  7, enabled
pcib0: matched entry for 0.30.INTB (src \\_SB_.PCI0.LPCB.LNKE:0)
pcib0: slot 30 INTB routed to irq 5 via \\_SB_.PCI0.LPCB.LNKE
found-> vendor=0x8086, dev=0x2641, revid=0x04
        bus=0, slot=31, func=0
        class=06-01-00, hdrtype=0x00, mfdev=1
        cmdreg=0x0007, statreg=0x0200, cachelnsz=0 (dwords)
        lattimer=0x00 (0 ns), mingnt=0x00 (0 ns), maxlat=0x00 (0 ns)
found-> vendor=0x8086, dev=0x2653, revid=0x04
        bus=0, slot=31, func=2
        class=01-01-80, hdrtype=0x00, mfdev=0
        cmdreg=0x0005, statreg=0x02b0, cachelnsz=0 (dwords)
        lattimer=0x00 (0 ns), mingnt=0x00 (0 ns), maxlat=0x00 (0 ns)
        intpin=b, irq=255
        powerspec 2  supports D0 D3  current D0
        map[20]: type 4, range 32, base 00001100, size  4, enabled
pcib1: <ACPI PCI-PCI bridge> irq 11 at device 1.0 on pci0
pcib1:   secondary bus     1
pcib1:   subordinate bus   1
pcib1:   I/O decode        0xc000-0xdfff
pcib1:   memory decode     0xc0000000-0xcfffffff
pcib1:   prefetched decode 0x90000000-0x9fffffff
ACPI: Found matching pin for 1.0.INTA at func 0: 11
pci1: <ACPI PCI bus> on pcib1
pci1: physical bus=1
found-> vendor=0x1002, dev=0x5460, revid=0x00
        bus=1, slot=0, func=0
        class=03-00-00, hdrtype=0x00, mfdev=0
        cmdreg=0x0007, statreg=0x0010, cachelnsz=4 (dwords)
        lattimer=0x00 (0 ns), mingnt=0x00 (0 ns), maxlat=0x00 (0 ns)
        intpin=a, irq=11
        powerspec 2  supports D0 D1 D2 D3  current D0
        MSI supports 1 message, 64 bit
        map[10]: type 3, range 32, base 90000000, size 27, enabled
pcib1: (null) requested memory range 0x90000000-0x97ffffff: good
        map[14]: type 4, range 32, base 0000c000, size  8, enabled
pcib1: (null) requested I/O range 0xc000-0xc0ff: in range
        map[18]: type 1, range 32, base c0000000, size 16, enabled
pcib1: (null) requested memory range 0xc0000000-0xc000ffff: good
pcib1: matched entry for 1.0.INTA (src \\_SB_.PCI0.LPCB.LNKA:0)
pcib1: slot 0 INTA routed to irq 11 via \\_SB_.PCI0.LPCB.LNKA
vgapci0: <VGA-compatible display> port 0xc000-0xc0ff mem
0x90000000-0x97ffffff,0xc0000000-0xc000ffff irq 11 at device 0.0 on pci1
pcib2: <ACPI PCI-PCI bridge> irq 10 at device 28.0 on pci0
pcib2:   secondary bus     2
pcib2:   subordinate bus   2
pcib2:   I/O decode        0xa000-0xbfff
pcib2:   memory decode     0xbc000000-0xbfffffff
pcib2:   prefetched decode 0x8c000000-0x8fffffff
ACPI: Found matching pin for 2.0.INTA at func 0: 11
pci2: <ACPI PCI bus> on pcib2
pci2: physical bus=2
found-> vendor=0x11ab, dev=0x4362, revid=0x15
        bus=2, slot=0, func=0
        class=02-00-00, hdrtype=0x00, mfdev=0
        cmdreg=0x0007, statreg=0x0010, cachelnsz=4 (dwords)
        lattimer=0x00 (0 ns), mingnt=0x00 (0 ns), maxlat=0x00 (0 ns)
        intpin=a, irq=11
        powerspec 2  supports D0 D1 D2 D3  current D0
        MSI supports 2 messages, 64 bit
        map[10]: type 1, range 64, base bc000000, size 14, enabled
pcib2: (null) requested memory range 0xbc000000-0xbc003fff: good
        map[18]: type 4, range 32, base 0000a000, size  8, enabled
pcib2: (null) requested I/O range 0xa000-0xa0ff: in range
pcib2: matched entry for 2.0.INTA (src \\_SB_.PCI0.LPCB.LNKA:0)
pcib2: slot 0 INTA routed to irq 11 via \\_SB_.PCI0.LPCB.LNKA
pci2: <network, ethernet> at device 0.0 (no driver attached)
pcib3: <ACPI PCI-PCI bridge> irq 11 at device 28.1 on pci0
pcib3:   secondary bus     3
pcib3:   subordinate bus   3
pcib3:   I/O decode        0x8000-0x9fff
pcib3:   memory decode     0xb8000000-0xbbffffff
pcib3:   prefetched decode 0x88000000-0x8bffffff
pci3: <ACPI PCI bus> on pcib3
pci3: physical bus=3
uhci0: <Intel 82801FB/FR/FW/FRW (ICH6) USB controller USB-A> port
0x1200-0x121f irq 11 at device 29.0 on pci0
uhci0: Reserved 0x20 bytes for rid 0x20 type 4 at 0x1200
uhci0: [GIANT-LOCKED]
usb0: <Intel 82801FB/FR/FW/FRW (ICH6) USB controller USB-A> on uhci0
usb0: USB revision 1.0
uhub0: <Intel UHCI root hub, class 9/0, rev 1.00/1.00, addr 1> on usb0
uhub0: 2 ports with 2 removable, self powered
uhci1: <Intel 82801FB/FR/FW/FRW (ICH6) USB controller USB-B> port
0x1220-0x123f irq 11 at device 29.1 on pci0
uhci1: Reserved 0x20 bytes for rid 0x20 type 4 at 0x1220
uhci1: [GIANT-LOCKED]
usb1: <Intel 82801FB/FR/FW/FRW (ICH6) USB controller USB-B> on uhci1
usb1: USB revision 1.0
uhub1: <Intel UHCI root hub, class 9/0, rev 1.00/1.00, addr 1> on usb1
uhub1: 2 ports with 2 removable, self powered
uhci2: <Intel 82801FB/FR/FW/FRW (ICH6) USB controller USB-C> port
0x1240-0x125f irq 11 at device 29.2 on pci0
uhci2: Reserved 0x20 bytes for rid 0x20 type 4 at 0x1240
uhci2: [GIANT-LOCKED]
usb2: <Intel 82801FB/FR/FW/FRW (ICH6) USB controller USB-C> on uhci2
usb2: USB revision 1.0
uhub2: <Intel UHCI root hub, class 9/0, rev 1.00/1.00, addr 1> on usb2
uhub2: 2 ports with 2 removable, self powered
uhci3: <Intel 82801FB/FR/FW/FRW (ICH6) USB controller USB-D> port
0x1260-0x127f irq 11 at device 29.3 on pci0
uhci3: Reserved 0x20 bytes for rid 0x20 type 4 at 0x1260
uhci3: [GIANT-LOCKED]
usb3: <Intel 82801FB/FR/FW/FRW (ICH6) USB controller USB-D> on uhci3
usb3: USB revision 1.0
uhub3: <Intel UHCI root hub, class 9/0, rev 1.00/1.00, addr 1> on usb3
uhub3: 2 ports with 2 removable, self powered
ehci0: <Intel 82801FB (ICH6) USB 2.0 controller> mem
0xf4000000-0xf40003ff irq 11 at device 29.7 on pci0
ehci0: Reserved 0x400 bytes for rid 0x10 type 3 at 0xf4000000
ehci0: [GIANT-LOCKED]
usb4: EHCI version 1.0
usb4: companion controllers, 2 ports each: usb0 usb1 usb2 usb3
usb4: <Intel 82801FB (ICH6) USB 2.0 controller> on ehci0
usb4: USB revision 2.0
uhub4: <Intel EHCI root hub, class 9/0, rev 2.00/1.00, addr 1> on usb4
uhub4: 8 ports with 8 removable, self powered
pcib4: <ACPI PCI-PCI bridge> at device 30.0 on pci0
pcib4:   secondary bus     6
pcib4:   subordinate bus   6
pcib4:   I/O decode        0x6000-0x7fff
pcib4:   memory decode     0xb0000000-0xb7ffffff
pcib4:   prefetched decode 0x80000000-0x87ffffff
pcib4:   Subtractively decoded bridge.
ACPI: Found matching pin for 6.4.INTA at func 0: 11
ACPI: Found matching pin for 6.6.INTA at func 0: 255
ACPI: Found matching pin for 6.6.INTA at func 4: 11
ACPI: Found matching pin for 6.6.INTC at func 2: 11
pci_link6: BIOS IRQ 11 for 6.6.INTC is invalid
ACPI: Found matching pin for 6.6.INTD at func 3: 5
pci6: <ACPI PCI bus> on pcib4
pci6: physical bus=6
found-> vendor=0x8086, dev=0x4220, revid=0x05
        bus=6, slot=4, func=0
        class=02-80-00, hdrtype=0x00, mfdev=0
        cmdreg=0x0006, statreg=0x0290, cachelnsz=0 (dwords)
        lattimer=0x80 (3840 ns), mingnt=0x03 (750 ns), maxlat=0x18 (6000 ns)
        intpin=a, irq=11
        powerspec 2  supports D0 D3  current D0
        map[10]: type 1, range 32, base b000b000, size 12, enabled
pcib4: (null) requested memory range 0xb000b000-0xb000bfff: good
pcib4: matched entry for 6.4.INTA (src \\_SB_.PCI0.LPCB.LNKA:0)
pcib4: slot 4 INTA routed to irq 11 via \\_SB_.PCI0.LPCB.LNKA
found-> vendor=0x104c, dev=0x8031, revid=0x00
        bus=6, slot=6, func=0
        class=06-07-00, hdrtype=0x02, mfdev=1
        cmdreg=0x0007, statreg=0x0210, cachelnsz=0 (dwords)
        lattimer=0x40 (1920 ns), mingnt=0xc0 (48000 ns), maxlat=0x03
(750 ns)
        intpin=a, irq=255
        powerspec 2  supports D0 D1 D2 D3  current D0
        map[10]: type 1, range 32, base 13000000, size 12, enabled
pcib4: (null) requested memory range 0x13000000-0x13000fff: good
found-> vendor=0x104c, dev=0x8032, revid=0x00
        bus=6, slot=6, func=2
        class=0c-00-10, hdrtype=0x00, mfdev=1
        cmdreg=0x0006, statreg=0x0210, cachelnsz=4 (dwords)
        lattimer=0x80 (3840 ns), mingnt=0x02 (500 ns), maxlat=0x04 (1000 ns)
        intpin=c, irq=11
        powerspec 2  supports D0 D1 D2 D3  current D0
        map[10]: type 1, range 32, base b0000000, size 11, enabled
pcib4: (null) requested memory range 0xb0000000-0xb00007ff: good
        map[14]: type 1, range 32, base b0004000, size 14, enabled
pcib4: (null) requested memory range 0xb0004000-0xb0007fff: good
pcib4: matched entry for 6.6.INTC (src \\_SB_.PCI0.LPCB.LNKG:0)
pcib4: slot 6 INTC routed to irq 11 via \\_SB_.PCI0.LPCB.LNKG
found-> vendor=0x104c, dev=0x8033, revid=0x00
        bus=6, slot=6, func=3
        class=01-80-00, hdrtype=0x00, mfdev=1
        cmdreg=0x0006, statreg=0x0210, cachelnsz=4 (dwords)
        lattimer=0x80 (3840 ns), mingnt=0x07 (1750 ns), maxlat=0x04
(1000 ns)
        intpin=d, irq=5
        powerspec 2  supports D0 D1 D2 D3  current D0
        map[10]: type 1, range 32, base b0008000, size 13, enabled
pcib4: (null) requested memory range 0xb0008000-0xb0009fff: good
pcib4: matched entry for 6.6.INTD (src \\_SB_.PCI0.LPCB.LNKE:0)
pcib4: slot 6 INTD routed to irq 5 via \\_SB_.PCI0.LPCB.LNKE
found-> vendor=0x104c, dev=0x8034, revid=0x00
        bus=6, slot=6, func=4
        class=08-05-00, hdrtype=0x00, mfdev=1
        cmdreg=0x0006, statreg=0x0210, cachelnsz=4 (dwords)
        lattimer=0x80 (3840 ns), mingnt=0x07 (1750 ns), maxlat=0x04
(1000 ns)
        intpin=a, irq=11
        powerspec 2  supports D0 D1 D2 D3  current D0
        map[10]: type 1, range 32, base b000a000, size  8, enabled
pcib4: (null) requested memory range 0xb000a000-0xb000a0ff: good
        map[14]: type 1, range 32, base b000a100, size  8, enabled
pcib4: (null) requested memory range 0xb000a100-0xb000a1ff: good
        map[18]: type 1, range 32, base b000a200, size  8, enabled
pcib4: (null) requested memory range 0xb000a200-0xb000a2ff: good
pcib4: matched entry for 6.6.INTA (src \\_SB_.PCI0.LPCB.LNKC:0)
pcib4: slot 6 INTA routed to irq 11 via \\_SB_.PCI0.LPCB.LNKC
iwi0: <Intel(R) PRO/Wireless 2200BG> mem 0xb000b000-0xb000bfff irq 11 at
device 4.0 on pci6
iwi0: Reserved 0x1000 bytes for rid 0x10 type 3 at 0xb000b000
iwi0: bpf attached
iwi0: Ethernet address: 00:12:f0:63:ae:ca
iwi0: bpf attached
iwi0: bpf attached
iwi0: [MPSAFE]
iwi0: 11b rates: 1Mbps 2Mbps 5.5Mbps 11Mbps
iwi0: 11g rates: 1Mbps 2Mbps 5.5Mbps 11Mbps 6Mbps 9Mbps 12Mbps 18Mbps
24Mbps 36Mbps 48Mbps 54Mbps
cbb0: <TI6411 PCI-CardBus Bridge> mem 0x13000000-0x13000fff at device
6.0 on pci6
cbb0: Reserved 0x1000 bytes for rid 0x10 type 3 at 0x13000000
cardbus0: <CardBus bus> on cbb0
pccard0: <16-bit PCCard bus> on cbb0
pcib4: matched entry for 6.6.INTA (src \\_SB_.PCI0.LPCB.LNKC:0)
pcib4: slot 6 INTA routed to irq 11 via \\_SB_.PCI0.LPCB.LNKC
cbb0: [MPSAFE]
cbb0: PCI Configuration space:
  0x00: 0x8031104c 0x02100007 0x06070000 0x00824000
  0x10: 0x13000000 0x020000a0 0x40080706 0xfffff000
  0x20: 0x00000000 0xfffff000 0x00000000 0xfffffffc
  0x30: 0x00000000 0xfffffffc 0x00000000 0x0740010b
  0x40: 0xff101179 0x00000001 0x00000000 0x00000000
  0x50: 0x00000000 0x00000000 0x00000000 0x00000000
  0x60: 0x00000000 0x00000000 0x00000000 0x00000000
  0x70: 0x00000000 0x00000000 0x00000000 0x00000000
  0x80: 0x08409060 0x00000000 0x000f0002 0x01aa1b22
  0x90: 0x606600c0 0x00000000 0x00000000 0x00000000
  0xa0: 0xfe120001 0x00c00000 0x00000000 0x00000000
  0xb0: 0x00000000 0x00000000 0x00000000 0x00000000
  0xc0: 0x00000000 0x00000000 0x00000000 0x00000000
  0xd0: 0x00000000 0x00000000 0x00000000 0x00000000
  0xe0: 0x00000000 0x00000000 0x00000000 0x00000000
  0xf0: 0x00000000 0x00000000 0x00000000 0x00000000
fwohci0: vendor=104c, dev=8032
fwohci0: vendor=104c, dev=8032
fwohci0: <1394 Open Host Controller Interface> mem
0xb0000000-0xb00007ff,0xb0004000-0xb0007fff irq 11 at device 6.2 on pci6
fwohci0: Reserved 0x800 bytes for rid 0x10 type 3 at 0xb0000000
fwohci0: [MPSAFE]
fwohci0: OHCI version 1.10 (ROM=0)
fwohci0: No. of Isochronous channels is 4.
fwohci0: EUI64 00:08:0d:a0:d1:bf:aa:e1
fwohci0: Phy 1394a available S400, 2 ports.
fwohci0: Link S400, max_rec 2048 bytes.
firewire0: <IEEE1394(FireWire) bus> on fwohci0
fwe0: <Ethernet over FireWire> on firewire0
if_fwe0: Fake Ethernet address: 02:08:0d:bf:aa:e1
fwe0: bpf attached
fwe0: Ethernet address: 02:08:0d:bf:aa:e1
fwe0: if_start running deferred for Giant
sbp0: <SBP-2/SCSI over FireWire> on firewire0
fwohci0: Initiate bus reset
fwohci0: node_id=0xc000ffc0, gen=1, CYCLEMASTER mode
firewire0: 1 nodes, maxhop <= 0, cable IRM = 0 (me)
firewire0: bus manager 0 (me)
pci6: <mass storage> at device 6.3 (no driver attached)
pci6: <base peripheral> at device 6.4 (no driver attached)
pcm0: <Intel ICH6 (82801FB)> port 0xe000-0xe0ff,0xe100-0xe13f mem
0xd0000000-0xd00001ff,0xd0000200-0xd00002ff irq 10 at device 30.2 on pci0
pcm0: Reserved 0x200 bytes for rid 0x18 type 3 at 0xd0000000
pcm0: Reserved 0x100 bytes for rid 0x1c type 3 at 0xd0000200
pcm0: [MPSAFE]
pcm0: <Analog Devices AD1981B AC97 Codec (id = 0x41445374)>
pcm0: Codec features headphone, 20 bit DAC, 5 bit master volume, no 3D
Stereo Enhancement
pcm0: Primary codec extended features variable rate PCM, AMAP, reserved 4
pcm0: ac97 codec dac ready count: 0
pcm0: sndbuf_setmap 1f3c7000, 4000; 0xd4c8c000 -> 1f3c7000
pcm0: sndbuf_setmap 1f3c3000, 4000; 0xd4c90000 -> 1f3c3000
pci0: <simple comms, generic modem> at device 30.3 (no driver attached)
isab0: <PCI-ISA bridge> at device 31.0 on pci0
isa0: <ISA bus> on isab0
atapci0: <Intel ICH6 SATA150 controller> port
0x1f0-0x1f7,0x3f6,0x170-0x177,0x376,0x1100-0x110f at device 31.2 on pci0
atapci0: Reserved 0x10 bytes for rid 0x20 type 4 at 0x1100
ata0: <ATA channel 0> on atapci0
atapci0: Reserved 0x8 bytes for rid 0x10 type 4 at 0x1f0
atapci0: Reserved 0x1 bytes for rid 0x14 type 4 at 0x3f6
ata0: reset tp1 mask=03 ostat0=80 ostat1=80
ata0: stat0=0x50 err=0x01 lsb=0x00 msb=0x00
ata0: stat1=0x00 err=0x01 lsb=0x00 msb=0x00
ata0: reset tp2 stat0=50 stat1=00 devices=0x1<ATA_MASTER>
ata0: [MPSAFE]
ata1: <ATA channel 1> on atapci0
atapci0: Reserved 0x8 bytes for rid 0x18 type 4 at 0x170
atapci0: Reserved 0x1 bytes for rid 0x1c type 4 at 0x376
ata1: reset tp1 mask=03 ostat0=50 ostat1=00
ata1: stat0=0x00 err=0x01 lsb=0x14 msb=0xeb
ata1: stat1=0x00 err=0x00 lsb=0x00 msb=0x00
ata1: reset tp2 stat0=00 stat1=00 devices=0x4<ATAPI_MASTER>
ata1: [MPSAFE]
acpi_tz0: <Thermal Zone> on acpi0
acpi_tz1: <Thermal Zone> on acpi0
acpi_tz2: <Thermal Zone> on acpi0
acpi_tz3: <Thermal Zone> on acpi0
atkbdc0: <Keyboard controller (i8042)> port 0x60,0x64 irq 1 on acpi0
atkbd0: <AT Keyboard> irq 1 on atkbdc0
atkbd: the current kbd controller command byte 0067
atkbd: keyboard ID 0x41ab (2)
kbd0 at atkbd0
kbd0: atkbd0, AT 101/102 (2), config:0x0, flags:0x3d0000
atkbd0: [GIANT-LOCKED]
psm0: unable to allocate IRQ
psmcpnp0: <PS/2 mouse port> irq 12 on acpi0
psm0: current command byte:0067
psm0: <PS/2 Mouse> irq 12 on atkbdc0
psm0: [GIANT-LOCKED]
psm0: model Generic PS/2 mouse, device ID 0-00, 2 buttons
psm0: config:00000000, flags:00000008, packet size:3
psm0: syncmask:c0, syncbits:00
sio0: irq maps: 0xa01 0xa11 0xa01 0xa01
sio0: irq maps: 0xa01 0xa11 0xa01 0xa01
sio0: <16550A-compatible COM port> port 0x3f8-0x3ff irq 4 flags 0x10 on
acpi0
sio0: type 16550A
sio0: [FAST]
sio1: irq maps: 0xa01 0xa09 0xa01 0xa01
sio1: irq maps: 0xa01 0xa09 0xa01 0xa01
sio1 port 0x2f8-0x2ff,0x110-0x117 irq 3 drq 1 on acpi0
sio1: type 16550A
sio1: [FAST]
ata: ata0 already exists; skipping it
ata: ata1 already exists; skipping it
atkbdc: atkbdc0 already exists; skipping it
sio: sio0 already exists; skipping it
sio: sio1 already exists; skipping it
pnp_identify: Trying Read_Port at 203
pnp_identify: Trying Read_Port at 243
pnp_identify: Trying Read_Port at 283
pnp_identify: Trying Read_Port at 2c3
pnp_identify: Trying Read_Port at 303
pnp_identify: Trying Read_Port at 343
pnp_identify: Trying Read_Port at 383
pnp_identify: Trying Read_Port at 3c3
PNP Identify complete
ex_isa_identify()
unknown: status reg test failed ff
unknown: status reg test failed ff
unknown: status reg test failed ff
unknown: status reg test failed ff
unknown: status reg test failed ff
unknown: status reg test failed ff
sc: sc0 already exists; skipping it
vga: vga0 already exists; skipping it
isa_probe_children: disabling PnP devices
isa_probe_children: probing non-PnP devices
pmtimer0 on isa0
orm0: <ISA Option ROMs> at iomem
0xc0000-0xcffff,0xe0000-0xe1fff,0xe5000-0xe5fff,0xeb000-0xeffff pnpid
ORM0000 on isa0
adv0: not probed (disabled)
aha0: not probed (disabled)
aic0: not probed (disabled)
bt0: not probed (disabled)
cs0: not probed (disabled)
ed0: not probed (disabled)
fdc0 failed to probe at port 0x3f0-0x3f5,0x3f7 irq 6 drq 2 on isa0
fe0: not probed (disabled)
ie0: not probed (disabled)
le0: not probed (disabled)
ppc0: parallel port not found.
ppc0: <Parallel port> failed to probe at irq 7 on isa0
sc0: <System console> at flags 0x100 on isa0
sc0: VGA <16 virtual consoles, flags=0x300>
sc0: fb0, kbd1, terminal emulator: sc (syscons terminal)
sio2: not probed (disabled)
sio3: not probed (disabled)
sn0: not probed (disabled)
vga0: <Generic ISA VGA> at port 0x3c0-0x3df iomem 0xa0000-0xbffff on isa0
vt0: not probed (disabled)
isa_probe_children: probing PnP devices
ums0: <Mitsumi Electric Apple Optical USB Mouse, class 0/0, rev
1.10/1.08, addr 2> on uhub0
ums0: 4 buttons and Z dir.
Device configuration finished.
procfs registered
Timecounter "TSC" frequency 1862014390 Hz quality 800
Timecounters tick every 1.000 msec
lo0: bpf attached
rr232x: no controller detected.
acpi_abattery0: battery initialization start
cad0: acline initialization start
ata0-master: pio=PIO4 wdma=WDMA2 udma=UDMA100 cable=80 wire
ad0: 76319MB <FUJITSU MHT2080AT 0022> at ata0-master UDMA100
ad0: 156301488 sectors [155061C/16H/63S] 16 sectors/interrupt 1 depth queue
GEOM: new disk ad0
acpi_tz0: _AC1: temperature 70.0 >= setpoint 44.8
acpi_tz0: switched from NONE to _AC1: 70.0C
acpi_acad0: On Line
acpi_acad0: acline initialization done, tried 1 times
ad0: Intel check1 failed
ad0: Adaptec check1 failed
ad0: LSI (v3) check1 failed
ad0: LSI (v2) check1 failed
ad0: FreeBSD check1 failed
ata1-master: pio=PIO4 wdma=WDMA2 udma=UDMA33 cable=40 wire
acd0: <MATSHITADVD-RAM UJ-831S/1.40> DVDR drive at ata1 as master
acd0: read 4134KB/s (4134KB/s) write 4134KB/s (4134KB/s), 2048KB buffer,
UDMA33
acd0: Reads: CDR, CDRW, CDDA stream, DVDROM, DVDR, DVDRAM, packet
acd0: Writes: CDR, CDRW, DVDR, DVDRAM, test write, burnproof
acd0: Audio: play, 256 volume levels
acd0: Mechanism: ejectable tray, unlocked
acd0: Medium: CD-R 120mm data disc
pcm0: measured ac97 link rate at 48014 Hz, will use 48000 Hz
(probe7:ata1:0:0:0): error 22
(probe7:ata1:0:0:0): Unretryable Error
(probe0:sbp0:0:0:0): error 22
(probe0:sbp0:0:0:0): Unretryable Error
(probe1:sbp0:0:1:0): error 22
(probe1:sbp0:0:1:0): Unretryable Error
(probe2:sbp0:0:2:0): error 22
(probe2:sbp0:0:2:0): Unretryable Error
(probe3:sbp0:0:3:0): error 22
(probe3:sbp0:0:3:0): Unretryable Error
(probe4:sbp0:0:4:0): error 22
(probe4:sbp0:0:4:0): Unretryable Error
(probe5:sbp0:0:5:0): error 22
(probe5:sbp0:0:5:0): Unretryable Error
(probe6:sbp0:0:6:0): error 22
(probe6:sbp0:0:6:0): Unretryable Error
pass0 at ata1 bus 0 target 0 lun 0
pass0: <MATSHITA DVD-RAM UJ-831S 1.40> Removable CD-ROM SCSI-0 device
pass0: 33.000MB/s transfers
GEOM: new disk cd0
ATA PseudoRAID loaded
cd0 at ata1 bus 0 target 0 lun 0
cd0: <MATSHITA DVD-RAM UJ-831S 1.40> Removable CD-ROM SCSI-0 device
cd0: 33.000MB/s transfers
cd0: cd present [1 x 2048 byte records]
(cd0:ata1:0:0:0): error 22
(cd0:ata1:0:0:0): Unretryable Error
(cd0:ata1:0:0:0): error 22
(cd0:ata1:0:0:0): Unretryable Error
Trying to mount root from ufs:/dev/ad0s2a
start_init: trying /sbin/init
Linux ELF exec handler installed
linprocfs registered
battery0: battery initialization done, tried 2 times


-- 

Sincerely,

Yousef Adnan Raffah
The Savola Group

-------------------
Aren't you using Firefox? Get it at http://www.getfirefox.com
signature.asc (application/pgp-signature, 187 B)
-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
Version: GnuPG v1.4.5 (FreeBSD)

iD8DBQFE1bABqG4sHeIU6qURAhaaAKC7idWVaJvYktHwnKQzCXN9Qf6BgQCg8AYC
PX7Y4/ReFjlBzktE0oNZVuY=
=5WR5
-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
lmpx.com only provides a reader for public news (NNTP) servers. It is not affiliated with the servers or forums shown here and is not responsible for the content of articles, which is written by their respective authors.