[Bug 278653] sh: fix sh -c -e cmd as per POSIX

https://bugs.freebsd.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=278653

            Bug ID: 278653
           Summary: sh: fix sh -c -e cmd as per POSIX
           Product: Base System
           Version: CURRENT
          Hardware: Any
                OS: Any
            Status: New
          Severity: Affects Some People
          Priority: ---
         Component: standards
          Assignee: [email protected]
          Reporter: [email protected]

Created attachment 250294
  --> https://bugs.freebsd.org/bugzilla/attachment.cgi?id=250294&action=edit
fix sh -c -e cmd as per POSIX

POSIX requires sh(1) to handle -c like an option that does not take an
argument. We already handle the special case of attached options after -c...

$ sh -ce 'echo hello world'
hello world

.. but these fail:

$ sh -c -e 'echo hello world'
echo hello world: -e: not found
$ sh -c -- 'echo hello world'
echo hello world: --: not found

NetBSD fixed this 21 years ago. With their fix:

$ sh -c -e 'echo hello world'
hello world
$ sh -c -- 'echo hello world'
hello world
$ sh -c -e 'echo hello; false; echo world'
hello

Patch attached. I also added a minimal regression test.
I have only tested this on 14-STABLE, but there are no relevant changes between
14-STABLE and 15-CURRENT in sh.

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