Re: I documented 10.1 installation onto a blue and white G3:
Chris Tucker <[email protected]> Sat, 22 Mar 2025 18:20:28 -0700
| Newsgroups | gmane.os.netbsd.ports.macppc |
|---|---|
| Message-ID | <CAPsZW0gXnAWvGx6NrDaFC-zJdTJpOA-OLHqNRkDTE9sJ9Ns2Kg@mail.gmail.com> |
ah, found this in UTM: "export QEMU command" ... qemu-system-ppc -L /Users/chris/Library/Containers/com.utmapp.UTM/Data/Library/Caches/qemu -S -spice unix=3Don,addr=3D4D6EFE89-3FF4-4110-8E05-7FE7A930FE6D.spice,disab= le-ticketing=3Don,image-compression=3Doff,playback-compression=3Doff,stream= ing-video=3Doff,gl=3Doff -chardev spiceport,name=3Dorg.qemu.monitor.qmp.0,id=3Dorg.qemu.monitor.qmp -mon chardev=3Dorg.qemu.monitor.qmp,mode=3Dcontrol -nodefaults -vga none -device tulip,mac=3DC6:F8:CC:03:A4:E2,netdev=3Dnet0 -netdev user,id=3Dnet0 -device VGA -smp cpus=3D1,sockets=3D1,cores=3D1,threads=3D1 -machine mac99,via=3Dcuda -accel tcg,tb-size=3D64 -m 256 -audio coreaudio -audiodev spice,id=3Daudio0 -device ide-cd,bus=3Dide.0,drive=3Ddrive2,bootindex=3D0 -drive "if=3Dnone,media=3Dcdrom,id=3Ddrive2,file.filename=3D/Volumes/G-DRIV= E/691-2684-A Mac OS 9.0.4.iso,file.locking=3Doff,readonly=3Don" -device ide-hd,bus=3Dide.1,drive=3Ddrive0,bootindex=3D1 -drive "if=3Dnone,media=3Ddisk,id=3Ddrive0,file.filename=3D/Users/chris/.Trash/Mac= OS 9.1 (config only).utm/Data/Mac OS 9.1.qcow2,discard=3Dunmap,detect-zeroes=3Dunmap" -device virtio-serial -device virtserialport,chardev=3Dorg.qemu.guest_agent,name=3Dorg.qemu.guest= _agent.0 -chardev spiceport,name=3Dorg.qemu.guest_agent.0,id=3Dorg.qemu.guest_agent -name "Mac OS 91 config only" -uuid 4D6EFE89-3FF4-4110-8E05-7FE7A930FE6D -rtc base=3Dlocaltime -g 1280x720x32 -cpu G3 -usbdevice keyboard (i earlier tossed one of the files in the trash) On Sat, Mar 22, 2025 at 6:16=E2=80=AFPM Chris Tucker <[email protected]> wr= ote: > > Here's the contents of "config.plist" for the UTM settings that run > MacOS 9. Might offer some clues: > > <?xml version=3D"1.0" encoding=3D"UTF-8"?> > <!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" > "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd"> > <plist version=3D"1.0"> > <dict> > <key>Backend</key> > <string>QEMU</string> > <key>ConfigurationVersion</key> > <integer>4</integer> > <key>Display</key> > <array> > <dict> > <key>DownscalingFilter</key> > <string>Linear</string> > <key>DynamicResolution</key> > <false/> > <key>Hardware</key> > <string>VGA</string> > <key>NativeResolution</key> > <false/> > <key>UpscalingFilter</key> > <string>Linear</string> > </dict> > </array> > <key>Drive</key> > <array> > <dict> > <key>Identifier</key> > <string>2</string> > <key>ImageType</key> > <string>CD</string> > <key>Interface</key> > <string>IDE</string> > <key>InterfaceVersion</key> > <integer>0</integer> > <key>ReadOnly</key> > <true/> > </dict> > <dict> > <key>Identifier</key> > <string>0</string> > <key>ImageName</key> > <string>Mac OS 9.1.qcow2</string> > <key>ImageType</key> > <string>Disk</string> > <key>Interface</key> > <string>IDE</string> > <key>InterfaceVersion</key> > <integer>0</integer> > <key>ReadOnly</key> > <false/> > </dict> > </array> > <key>Information</key> > <dict> > <key>Icon</key> > <string>MacOS9.1.icns</string> > <key>IconCustom</key> > <true/> > <key>Name</key> > <string>Mac OS 9.1 (config only)</string> > <key>Notes</key> > <string>Mac OS 9.1 > > To configure, use the CD/DVD drop-down to select a retail Mac OS 9.1 > CD image. ISO, CDR and uncompressed DMG are accepted formats. > > Then boot from the image, install onto the existing virtual HD, and > shut down the guest VM. Edit this configuration, select the top IDE > drive, and click Move Down. Save and boot into your new OS. > > Some extensions may not be compatible with the emulator. You can > disable them by holding space during boot and using Extension Manager > to turn them off. > > If the VM won=E2=80=99t start, your device may not support the audio samp= ling > rate used by the emulator. You can disable sound and try > again.</string> > <key>UUID</key> > <string>4D6EFE89-3FF4-4110-8E05-7FE7A930FE6D</string> > </dict> > <key>Input</key> > <dict> > <key>MaximumUsbShare</key> > <integer>3</integer> > <key>UsbBusSupport</key> > <string>Disabled</string> > <key>UsbSharing</key> > <true/> > </dict> > <key>Network</key> > <array> > <dict> > <key>Hardware</key> > <string>tulip</string> > <key>IsolateFromHost</key> > <false/> > <key>MacAddress</key> > <string>C6:F8:CC:03:A4:E2</string> > <key>Mode</key> > <string>Emulated</string> > <key>PortForward</key> > <array/> > </dict> > </array> > <key>QEMU</key> > <dict> > <key>AdditionalArguments</key> > <array> > <string>-g 1280x720x32</string> > <string>-cpu G3</string> > <string>-usbdevice keyboard</string> > </array> > <key>BalloonDevice</key> > <false/> > <key>DebugLog</key> > <false/> > <key>Hypervisor</key> > <false/> > <key>MachinePropertyOverride</key> > <string>via=3Dcuda</string> > <key>PS2Controller</key> > <false/> > <key>RNGDevice</key> > <false/> > <key>RTCLocalTime</key> > <true/> > <key>TPMDevice</key> > <false/> > <key>TSO</key> > <false/> > <key>UEFIBoot</key> > <false/> > </dict> > <key>Serial</key> > <array/> > <key>Sharing</key> > <dict> > <key>ClipboardSharing</key> > <false/> > <key>DirectoryShareMode</key> > <string>None</string> > <key>DirectoryShareReadOnly</key> > <false/> > </dict> > <key>Sound</key> > <array> > <dict> > <key>Hardware</key> > <string>screamer</string> > </dict> > </array> > <key>System</key> > <dict> > <key>Architecture</key> > <string>ppc</string> > <key>CPU</key> > <string>default</string> > <key>CPUCount</key> > <integer>1</integer> > <key>CPUFlagsAdd</key> > <array/> > <key>CPUFlagsRemove</key> > <array/> > <key>ForceMulticore</key> > <false/> > <key>JITCacheSize</key> > <integer>0</integer> > <key>MemorySize</key> > <integer>256</integer> > <key>Target</key> > <string>mac99</string> > </dict> > </dict> > </plist> > > On Sat, Mar 22, 2025 at 5:52=E2=80=AFPM Chris Tucker <[email protected]> = wrote: > > > > I just picked 256M coz that's what I have on my real machine :) > > haven't tried other settings. I'm not sure what the RAM max is on this > > sort of older Mac hardware is ... I suspect Qemu may fail if you set > > the RAM higher than what these old Macs actually support ... not sure. > > > > Yes Mac99 machine in the drop-down menu is what I have. > > > > I just tested the mouse on MacOS 9 and with USB set to "disabled" it > > captured the mouse OK after I pressed the "capture input devices" icon > > in UTM. (icon depicts a mouse cursor with rays emanating from it in a > > circle.) > > > > I've not tried mouse use on NetBSD/X11 in Qemu on PowerPC emulation. I > > imagine it works since it works on MacOS 9.1. > > > > Yes sungem iirc didn't work for me, which is why I tried tulip which di= d work. > > > > Speed of the system seems to be quite reasonable, considering it's > > emulating PPC on an M1 with a "single core." With this sort of > > emulation, I'm more impressed it works at all, much less that it runs > > speedily or not. haha. > > > > On Sat, Mar 22, 2025 at 5:35=E2=80=AFPM Andrew Randrianasulu > > <[email protected]> wrote: > > > > > > > > > > > > =D0=B2=D1=81, 23 =D0=BC=D0=B0=D1=80. 2025 =D0=B3., 03:24 Chris Tucker= <[email protected]>: > > >> > > >> Hello, I am not familiar with netbsd-current and I've never installe= d it. > > > > > > > > > > > > I suspect there might be regression, but not sure if it surfaces alwa= ys, or only on my machine. I see qemu was used for development recently, bu= t all my (netbsd/macppc cdrom/iso) builds fail in same way very early. > > > > > > > > >> > > >> I was able to install 10.1 on Qemu (UTM) using one of the config fil= es here: > > >> https://github.com/adespoton/utmconfigs > > >> > > >> If I recall correctly, I used one of the Classic MacOS 9.1 UTM confi= g > > >> files there. This link: > > >> https://github.com/adespoton/utmconfigs/blob/main/Mac%20OS%209.1%20(= config%20only).utm.zip > > >> > > >> But I had to play around to actually get that to work: Try opening > > >> that config file, then additionally make the following changes to it= . > > >> I got the following to work on my Macbook Air M1 running UTM: > > >> > > >> (Make sure have the netbsd 10.1 (or your netbsd-current) ISO "loaded= " > > >> in the UTM drive) > > >> > > >> System menu in UTM prefs for the macos 9.1 config file: > > >> cpu: default > > >> cpu cores: 1 > > >> RAM: 256megs > > > > > > > > > It dails for me at 270 mb of ram and up on any supported qemu machine= .... :( 256, 257, 258 and below works ...not sure why. > > > > > > > > >> > > >> Qemu menu: > > >> QEMU Machine Properties: via=3Dcuda > > > > > > > > > > > > I guess this mean -M mac99 machine .... > > > > > > Does mouse cursor works ok for you in this (no usb) configuration? In= NetBSD or MacOS? It does not for me until I add -icount shift=3D1 but then= everything becomes perceptibly slower .... > > >> > > >> > > >> Input menu: > > >> USB support: Disabled > > >> > > >> Network menu: Emulated Network Card: tulip > > > > > > > > > > > > sungem (default) does not work for you too? > > > > > > > > >> > > >> Then try booting it with something like boot cd:,\ofwboot.xcf netbsd > > >> > > >> On Fri, Mar 14, 2025 at 9:18=E2=80=AFPM Andrew Randrianasulu > > >> <[email protected]> wrote: > > >> > > > >> > > > >> > > > >> > =D1=81=D0=B1, 1 =D0=BC=D0=B0=D1=80. 2025 =D0=B3., 05:31 Chris Tuck= er <[email protected]>: > > >> >> > > >> >> Hope you don't mind that I post it here, in case someone else fin= ds it > > >> >> to be helpful. > > >> >> > > >> >> https://github.com/capagh/NetBSD10.1-B-W-Mac > > >> >> > > >> >> How to install NetBSD 10.1 on a Blue-and-White Macintosh PowerPC = G3 > > >> > > > >> > > > >> > Thanks for this writeup, I tried to build iso-image out of NetBSD = -Current for mappc using slightly modified instructions, but sadly it does = not boot on qemu? Dies early ..... > > >> > > > >> > If you have time can you check if -current kernel bootable on real= G3? > > >> > > > >> > > > >> >> > > >> >> Direct questions or comments to capa150 at gmail.com > > >> >> > > >> >> Contents: > > >> >> > > >> >> Background story > > >> >> Performing a dual-boot MacOS/NetBSD install: > > >> >> How to build an install kernel and a regular kernel for NetBSD 10= .1/macppc. > > >> >> Preventing caps-lock from freezing a blue-and-white G3 > > >> >> X11 with the blue-and-white > > >> >> > > >> >> There are several ways to install NetBSD 10.1 on a Mac. This text > > >> >> describes two of the ways -- one is a dual-boot Classic MacOS/Net= BSD > > >> >> 10.1 system, and the second is a NetBSD 10.1-only system. There a= re > > >> >> other methods described in the NetBSD install document. > > >> >> > > >> >> What I used for this install: > > >> >> A Blue-and-White Macintosh G3 with a CD/DVD drive. > > >> >> An IDE hard disk attached to a PCI IDE card such as a Sonnet Temp= o or > > >> >> Acard/Ahard M6280, M6880, M6860 or M6260 (the =E2=80=98M=E2=80=99= means it is bootable > > >> >> by a Mac. Otherwise it=E2=80=99s for PCs.) I=E2=80=99ve found the= motherboard IDE to > > >> >> be buggy. > > >> >> A copy of MacOS 9 on CD/DVD (to partition the drive using MacOS 9= =E2=80=99s > > >> >> Drive Setup utility.) > > >> >> A copy of MacOS 8.6 (I like 8.6 more than 9. I used Drive Setup o= n 9 > > >> >> to partition the disk. Then I installed 8.6.) > > >> >> A copy of NetBSD 10.1 on CD/DVD. > > >> >> (https://cdn.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/images/10.1/ titled > > >> >> =E2=80=9CNetBSD-10.1-macppc.iso.=E2=80=9D) (Alternately, skip the= ISO and just install > > >> >> via FTP.) > > >> >> The macOS X application =E2=80=9CQuickFTP,=E2=80=9D available fre= e from the macOS app store. > > >> >> > > >> >> Note: I=E2=80=99ve not tried a SCSI disk on my Blue-and White. I = suspect SCSI > > >> >> would wholly avoid the problems I encountered. Consider using blu= eSCSI > > >> >> or ZuluSCSI as finding a good SCSI drive is difficult these days. > > >> >> > > >> >> This install assumes the Mac has one hard disk. Be sure to back-u= p any > > >> >> important data before proceeding. > > >> >> > > >> >> It=E2=80=99s important to note the Blue-and-White G3 Macs use Ope= n Firmware version 3.x. > > >> >> The install process for Macs that use Open Firmware 1.x or 2.x is > > >> >> different and not covered in this document. Refer to the official > > >> >> NetBSD install notes for more. > > >> >> > > >> >> The backstory: > > >> >> > > >> >> Problem No. 1: > > >> >> My Blue-and-White G3 came with an IDE hard drive attached to the > > >> >> motherboard=E2=80=99s IDE slot. I installed NetBSD 10.1 and it se= emed to work. > > >> >> But eventually I noticed a quirk: When issued a "shutdown -r now" > > >> >> command, the system will often state: > > >> >> > > >> >> "... > > >> >> About to run shutdown hooks ... > > >> >> Stopping cron. > > >> >> Stopping inetd." > > >> >> > > >> >> > > >> >> And then it hangs. This is an incomplete shut-down, as there are > > >> >> supposed to be more lines after =E2=80=9CStopping inetd.=E2=80=9D= But at other times > > >> >> it would complete the shutdown process. I eventually found the pr= ocess > > >> >> rndctl -- which is called during shutdown -- would cause the comp= uter > > >> >> to sometimes hang. Rndctl is used for entropy-related work. > > >> >> > > >> >> (See NetBSD Problem Report #59014 > > >> >> https://gnats.netbsd.org/cgi-bin/query-pr-single.pl?number=3D5901= 4 for > > >> >> more on this problem.) > > >> >> > > >> >> I determined the problem is caused by the CMD IDE controller chip= the > > >> >> blue-and-white uses. This controller is known to be buggy, accord= ing > > >> >> to the Wikipedia entry on it. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CMD64= 0 > > >> >> > > >> >> I resolved the rndctl problem by using a Sonnet Tempo IDE PCI > > >> >> controller card instead of the motherboard controller. Which led = to > > >> >> ... > > >> >> > > >> >> Problem No. 2: > > >> >> > > >> >> Although I resolved the rndctrl problem, I gained a new problem. > > >> >> > > >> >> When booting off the Tempo, the Mac would report hundreds of erro= rs > > >> >> when running NetBSD, such as: "wd0: aborted command, interface CR= C > > >> >> error" and =E2=80=9Cwd0c: error reading fsbn.=E2=80=9D > > >> >> > > >> >> I believe the problem is due to the netbsd kernel accessing my UD= MA > > >> >> IDE hard disk in UDMA mode 6 (ATA/133), but the Blue and White G3 > > >> >> specifications indicate the Mac is designed for UDMA mode 2 (ATA/= 33). > > >> >> > > >> >> The Mac can't handle the higher speed and thus complains profusel= y. > > >> >> > > >> >> I resolved this problem by compiling two custom kernels -- one fo= r > > >> >> installation, and one for regular use. Both are the same as the > > >> >> default kernels except they limit the IDE drive mode to UDMA mode= 2. > > >> >> (I also changed the console text color to green text on a black > > >> >> background, with white text for kernel messages -- default is bla= ck > > >> >> text on white background. Nothing else has been changed.) > > >> >> > > >> >> (See NetBSD Problem Report #59078 > > >> >> https://gnats.netbsd.org/cgi-bin/query-pr-single.pl?number=3D5907= 8 for > > >> >> more.) > > >> >> > > >> >> Performing a dual-boot MacOS/NetBSD install: > > >> >> > > >> >> 1. Insert the OS 9 install disc into the Mac. Hold down the =E2= =80=98C=E2=80=99 key to > > >> >> boot from the CD. > > >> >> > > >> >> 2. Open the =E2=80=9CUtilities=E2=80=9D folder on the disc. Launc= h =E2=80=9CDrive Setup.=E2=80=9D (The > > >> >> version of Drive Setup that comes with OS 9 is required. Older > > >> >> versions will not work, according to the NetBSD install document.= ) > > >> >> > > >> >> 3. For this example install, three partitions will be used. One f= or > > >> >> MacOS, one for NetBSD root and usr, and one for NetBSD swap. Sele= ct > > >> >> the drive to be initialized then click =E2=80=9CCustom Setup.=E2= =80=9D Set > > >> >> =E2=80=9CPartitioning Scheme=E2=80=9D to three partitions. The to= p partition will be > > >> >> for MacOS. It should be at least 400 megabytes in size but you ca= n > > >> >> make it larger if you like. Set the =E2=80=9CType=E2=80=9D to eit= her =E2=80=9CMacOS Standard=E2=80=9D > > >> >> (HFS) or =E2=80=9CMacOS Extended=E2=80=9D (HFS+). > > >> >> > > >> >> 4. Select the second-from-top partition. This will be your NetBSD= root > > >> >> and usr partition. Make this partition as large as possible, whil= e > > >> >> keeping some space free for swap. Set the =E2=80=9CType=E2=80=9D = to =E2=80=9CA/UX Root.=E2=80=9D > > >> >> > > >> >> 5. Select the third-from-top partition. This will be your swap dr= ive. > > >> >> It should be the same size as the amount of RAM available. =E2=80= =9CType=E2=80=9D > > >> >> should be set to =E2=80=9CA/UX Swap.=E2=80=9D > > >> >> > > >> >> 6. There may be a small amount of space at the bottom of the part= ition > > >> >> map labeled =E2=80=9CExtra.=E2=80=9D This is OK. > > >> >> > > >> >> 7. Click =E2=80=9COK=E2=80=9D followed by =E2=80=9CInitialize.=E2= =80=9D Quit Drive Setup. > > >> >> > > >> >> 8. Rename your new Mac drive if you like. Run the MacOS installer= (I > > >> >> have also installed MacOS 8.5/8.6 for a dual-boot system. However= you > > >> >> must use the newer MacOS 9 Drive Setup application to initially > > >> >> partition the drive, not the version of Drive Setup that comes wi= th > > >> >> 8.5/8.6.) > > >> >> > > >> >> 9. Reboot into the new MacOS. Quit the MacOS Setup Assistant. Ins= ert > > >> >> the NetBSD 10.1 disc. Drag =E2=80=9Cofwboot.xcf=E2=80=9D to the M= ac=E2=80=99s hard drive. > > >> >> > > >> >> Here are the two kernels limited to UDMA mode 2: > > >> >> > > >> >> netbsd-INSTALL > > >> >> netbsd > > >> >> > > >> >> Download netbsd-INSTALL and move it to the MacOS drive. > > >> >> > > >> >> QuickFTP Server, running on my MacBook Air, was a helpful tool fo= r > > >> >> this installation. I connected my blue-and-white G3 to the local = area > > >> >> network and set the TCP/IP control panel to DHCP. I then used Int= ernet > > >> >> Explorer on the G3 to access the files from QuickFTP, using the I= P > > >> >> address displayed on QuickFTP. (example =E2=80=9Cftp://10.0.0.55= =E2=80=9D into the > > >> >> Internet Explorer address bar.) I right-clicked (or control-click= ) > > >> >> each file and saved it to the base level of the Mac=E2=80=99s dri= ve. > > >> >> > > >> >> QuickFTP uses this default path to host files, but it can be chan= ged: > > >> >> /Users/chris/Library/Containers/QuickFTP/Data/ > > >> >> For this document, I changed this to /Users/chris instead, as it= =E2=80=99s > > >> >> easier to access. > > >> >> Set a username, password, and read and write access on QuickFTP. > > >> >> > > >> >> Both ofwboot.xcf and the modified installer netbsd-INSTALL files = must > > >> >> be in the base level of the Mac=E2=80=99s drive, not in any subfo= lder. > > >> >> > > >> >> 10. Reboot the Mac and hold down command-option-O-F to boot into = Open > > >> >> Firmware. The NetBSD install document describes how the Open Fir= mware > > >> >> bootloader works. It can be tricky to figure out, and the exact > > >> >> command varies depending on the hardware available. Experimentati= on is > > >> >> pretty much mandatory. Here=E2=80=99s the command my G3 uses: > > >> >> > > >> >> 0 > boot /pci@80000000/pci-bridge@d/Ultra-Tek100P@3/sd:,\ofwboot.= xcf > > >> >> netbsd-INSTALL > > >> >> > > >> >> The boot process should begin. You should see a line about the ha= rd > > >> >> disk on the screen, so make note of the drive name. In my case th= e > > >> >> drive is =E2=80=9Cwd0.=E2=80=9D > > >> >> > > >> >> When asked, accept =E2=80=9Cvt100=E2=80=9D as terminal type. > > >> >> > > >> >> 12. Select =E2=80=9C(S)hell=E2=80=9D when asked. > > >> >> > > >> >> 11. Optional: type: > > >> >> > > >> >> # disklabel /dev/wd0 > > >> >> > > >> >> to see some cool partition information. Make note of the letter > > >> >> assigned the partitions. On my install, =E2=80=9Ca=E2=80=9D is as= signed to 4.2BSD > > >> >> (root/usr) and =E2=80=9Cb=E2=80=9D is assigned to swap. (Do not u= se disklabel for any > > >> >> other purpose as it will wreck your partitions.) > > >> >> > > >> >> 12. Type: > > >> >> > > >> >> Create a NetBSD filesystem on partition =E2=80=9Ca,=E2=80=9D moun= t it, and create an etc folder: > > >> >> # newfs /dev/wd0a > > >> >> # mount /dev/wd0a /targetroot > > >> >> # mkdir /targetroot/etc > > >> >> > > >> >> (The official NetBSD install notes say to mount this partition as= /mnt > > >> >> but this will cause an error later during the install, so use > > >> >> /targetroot.) > > >> >> > > >> >> > > >> >> 13. Create an fstab file: Type the following (I used tabs to keep > > >> >> everything tidy, but you can also use spaces.): > > >> >> > > >> >> # cat > /targetroot/etc/fstab > > >> >> /dev/wd0a / ffs rw 1 1 > > >> >> /dev/wd0b none swap sw 0 0 > > >> >> ptyfs /dev/pts ptyfs rw > > >> >> > > >> >> Press the return key at the end of the ptyfs line, followed by ct= rl-d > > >> >> to save the file. > > >> >> > > >> >> Unmount the filesystem: > > >> >> > > >> >> # umount /targetroot > > >> >> > > >> >> 14.(optional) Type =E2=80=9Cpdisk /dev/wd0c=E2=80=9D (=E2=80=9Cc= =E2=80=9D here represents the entire > > >> >> drive) to learn more about partitions. > > >> >> Type =E2=80=9Cp=E2=80=9D to print the partition table. Do not run= any other command. > > >> >> Make note of the leftmost numbers associated with the partitions = as > > >> >> you=E2=80=99ll need this to boot from Open Firmware later on. In = particular, > > >> >> note the number associated with the HFS/HFS+ partition and also w= ith > > >> >> the AU/X Root partition. Type =E2=80=9Cq=E2=80=9D to quit. > > >> >> > > >> >> 15. Actually install NetBSD! Type =E2=80=9Csysinst=E2=80=9D to ru= n the installer. Do > > >> >> NOT select option =E2=80=9Ca=E2=80=9D as this will demolish the p= artitions. Instead > > >> >> select option =E2=80=9Cc: Re-install sets or install additional s= et.=E2=80=9D then > > >> >> =E2=80=9Cyes=E2=80=9D then =E2=80=9Cb: wd0 ...=E2=80=9D then =E2= =80=9Ca: Full installation=E2=80=9D (or as desired) > > >> >> then =E2=80=9Ca: CD-ROM / DVD=E2=80=9D (or as desired.) > > >> >> > > >> >> Note: If you use networking, be sure to specify =E2=80=9C100baseT= X=E2=80=9D instead of > > >> >> the default =E2=80=9Cautoselect=E2=80=9D so ethernet functions co= rrectly. > > >> >> > > >> >> 16. You=E2=80=99ll now be asked to set up entropy. The way I did= it is with > > >> >> option =E2=80=9Cc: Load raw binary random data.=E2=80=9D > > >> >> > > >> >> In Terminal.app on my M1: > > >> >> % dd if=3D/dev/random bs=3D32 count=3D1 of=3D/Users/chris/random.= tmp > > >> >> > > >> >> Select =E2=80=9Cb: Download via ftp=E2=80=9D > > >> >> Select =E2=80=9Ca: bm0=E2=80=9D (onboard ethernet) > > >> >> > > >> >> When you see Sysinst show this message: > > >> >> =E2=80=9CNetwork media type (empty to autoconfigure) [autoselect]= :=E2=80=9D > > >> >> Do not hit return to accept =E2=80=9Cautoselect=E2=80=9D, as this= does not work. > > >> >> Instead type in: > > >> >> 100baseTX > > >> >> > > >> >> Then =E2=80=9CYes=E2=80=9D to perform autoconfiguration. > > >> >> Type in a hostname as desired. > > >> >> Feel free to leave domain blank. > > >> >> > > >> >> To configure FTP, enter fields for Host, User and Password (same = as > > >> >> what QuickFTP uses) as necessary and start download. > > >> >> > > >> >> Now you=E2=80=99ll be back at the sysinst main menu. > > >> >> > > >> >> Do not reboot yet. Sysinst installed the regular default kernel a= nd > > >> >> that needs to be replaced with the kernel modified for UDMA mode = 2. > > >> >> > > >> >> Select =E2=80=9CExit Install System=E2=80=9D > > >> >> > > >> >> Mount our new system and rename the default kernel: > > >> >> # mount /dev/wd0a /mnt > > >> >> # cd /mnt > > >> >> # mv netbsd netbsd.original > > >> >> > > >> >> Download the modified kernel: > > >> >> # ftp 10.0.0.220 > > >> >> ftp> get netbsd > > >> >> ftp> quit > > >> >> > > >> >> Modify permissions to match original: > > >> >> # chmod 755 netbsd > > >> >> # cd / > > >> >> # umount /mnt > > >> >> # reboot > > >> >> > > >> >> When you hear the chime, hold down command-option-O-F again to ge= t > > >> >> into Open Firmware. Boot off the modified regular kernel: > > >> >> > > >> >> 0 > boot /pci@80000000/pci-bridge@d/Ultra-Tek100P@3/sd:,\ofwboot.= xcf netbsd > > >> >> > > >> >> 16. NetBSD will state /etc/rc.conf isn=E2=80=99t configured. Hit = return to > > >> >> accept /bin/sh. Type: > > >> >> > > >> >> # export TERM=3Dvt100 > > >> >> # mount -uw / > > >> >> > > >> >> Now edit the rc.conf file: > > >> >> > > >> >> # vi /etc/rc.conf > > >> >> > > >> >> A short lesson in how to use the vi text editor: > > >> >> Vi has two modes: command mode and edit mode. > > >> >> In command mode, use the arrow keys (or the HJKL keys) to move th= e > > >> >> cursor around. > > >> >> In command mode, use =E2=80=9Cx=E2=80=9D key to delete text. > > >> >> Press =E2=80=9Ci=E2=80=9D key to enter insert mode. Now you can e= dit text. > > >> >> Press =E2=80=9CESC=E2=80=9D to exit insert mode and return to com= mand mode. > > >> >> Press =E2=80=9CESC=E2=80=9D followed by =E2=80=9C:wq=E2=80=9D to = write the file to disk and quit. > > >> >> > > >> >> Edit rc.conf to make these changes and additions: > > >> >> > > >> >> rc_configured=3DYES > > >> >> dhcpcd=3DYES > > >> >> wscons=3DYES > > >> >> hostname=3Dnetbsd (or whatever name you prefer) > > >> >> ifconfig_bm0=3D=E2=80=9Cmedia 100baseTX mediaopt full-duplex=E2= =80=9D > > >> >> > > >> >> Esc :wq to write the file to disk and quit vi. > > >> >> > > >> >> Set filesystem to read-only (so fsck doesn=E2=80=99t complain), a= nd exit to > > >> >> resume booting: > > >> >> > > >> >> # mount -ur / > > >> >> # exit > > >> >> > > >> >> The boot process will continue. > > >> >> > > >> >> Login as root (no password yet.) > > >> >> > > >> >> Add a password for root: > > >> >> # passwd root > > >> >> > > >> >> 19. Create a normal user (e.g. johndoe) and a home directory for = that > > >> >> user, and add that user to the superuser group: > > >> >> # useradd -m -G wheel johndoe > > >> >> > > >> >> Give the user a password: > > >> >> # passwd johndoe > > >> >> > > >> >> All done. > > >> >> > > >> >> To reboot: > > >> >> # shutdown -r now > > >> >> To shut-down and power-off: > > >> >> # shutdown -p now > > >> >> > > >> >> If you wish to boot into MacOS, boot without holding command-opti= on-O-F. > > >> >> > > >> >> ------ > > >> >> > > >> >> How to build an install kernel and a regular kernel for NetBSD 10= .1/macppc. > > >> >> > > >> >> This section is optional, as I=E2=80=99ve already made the two ke= rnels > > >> >> available for download. However, if you=E2=80=99d like to build t= hose kernels > > >> >> yourself, the steps are listed here: > > >> >> > > >> >> For this example, two computers are used: a blue-and-white G3, an= d a > > >> >> Macbook Air M1. > > >> >> > > >> >> Install UTM (Qemu) on the M1. Create an emulated amd64 machine an= d > > >> >> install NetBSD 10.1. (Running NetBSD for Arm would be more sensib= le > > >> >> for M1, but I couldn=E2=80=99t get it to install, hence the choic= e to emulate > > >> >> amd64 instead.) > > >> >> > > >> >> In UTM preferences, set the number of cores to 8 (for M1). > > >> >> Create a regular user in group wheel. > > >> >> Enable dhcpcd with (as root): > > >> >> > > >> >> # /etc/rc.d/dhcpcd onestart > > >> >> > > >> >> OBTAINING SOURCES > > >> >> > > >> >> Build sources as described here: > > >> >> https://www.netbsd.org/docs/guide/en/chap-fetch.html > > >> >> > > >> >> (as root): > > >> >> # mkdir /usr/src > > >> >> # chown chris /usr/src > > >> >> > > >> >> exit to return to regular user. > > >> >> > > >> >> Grab the source files (no need for xsrc.tgz, as I=E2=80=99ll be u= sing this > > >> >> emulated machine for compiling only.): > > >> >> > > >> >> $ ftp -i ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-10.1/source/sets/ > > >> >> ftp> get gnusrc.tgz > > >> >> ftp> get sharesrc.tgz > > >> >> ftp> get src.tgz > > >> >> ftp> get syssrc.tgz > > >> >> ftp> quit > > >> >> > > >> >> You should now have four *.tgz files in your home directory. > > >> >> > > >> >> Extract all them all: > > >> >> > > >> >> $ for file in *.tgz > > >> >> > do > > >> >> > tar -xzf $file -C / > > >> >> > done > > >> >> > > >> >> This will take a while. > > >> >> > > >> >> CROSS-COMPILING > > >> >> > > >> >> Since I=E2=80=99m using amd64 to create macppc/powerpc kernels, > > >> >> cross-compilation is required. > > >> >> > > >> >> https://www.netbsd.org/docs/guide/en/chap-build.html#chap-boot-cr= oss-build-kernel > > >> >> > > >> >> Although the instructions call for placing sources in ~/cvs/src, = I > > >> >> chose to keep them in /usr/src instead. > > >> >> > > >> >> $ mkdir ~/obj > > >> >> $ cd /usr/src > > >> >> > > >> >> Build the tools: > > >> >> > > >> >> $ ./build.sh -U -O ~/obj -j8 -m macppc -a powerpc tools > > >> >> > > >> >> where the 8 in -j8 is the number of cores on your system. > > >> >> > > >> >> After a while, this process will print a summary of results. > > >> >> > > >> >> Configure the kernel: > > >> >> > > >> >> $ cd /usr/src/sys/arch/macppc/conf > > >> >> > > >> >> The configuration file titled INSTALL is the one with the RAM dis= k for > > >> >> installation. Copy the original and work on the copy: > > >> >> > > >> >> cp INSTALL INSTALL2 > > >> >> > > >> >> Use your preferred editor with INSTALL2. > > >> >> Change the line: > > >> >> wd* at atabus? drive ? flags 0x0000 > > >> >> to > > >> >> wd* at atabus? drive? flags 0x0aac > > >> >> and save the change. > > >> >> > > >> >> This will limit the drive to UDMA mode 2 (ATA/33) which is the dr= ive > > >> >> specification for the blue-and-white G3. See the man page for wd = for > > >> >> more information. > > >> >> > > >> >> Build the install kernel as a =E2=80=9Crelease.=E2=80=9D This, ap= parently, also builds > > >> >> the Unix utilities required on the installer. > > >> >> > > >> >> $ cd /usr/src > > >> >> $ ./build.sh -U -j8 -O ~/obj -m macppc -a powerpc kernel=3DINSTAL= L2 release > > >> >> > > >> >> (Running on an Apple M1 cpu, this task will take around 12 hours = to complete.) > > >> >> > > >> >> https://www.netbsd.org/docs/guide/en/chap-inst-media.html > > >> >> > > >> >> There will be a newly-created install kernel with the changes for= UDMA > > >> >> mode 2 in the directory ~/obj/distrib/macppc/floppies/md-kernel/. > > >> >> > > >> >> However, this new file isn=E2=80=99t titled =E2=80=9CINSTALL2,=E2= =80=9D but simply =E2=80=9Cnetbsd-INSTALL.=E2=80=9D > > >> >> > > >> >> Transfer this file to the base level of the hard drive of the Cla= ssic > > >> >> MacOS machine. > > >> >> > > >> >> In my case, how I did this was to sftp the file from my UTM machi= ne to > > >> >> the M1 host OS. From the ~/obj/distrib/macppc/floppies/md-kernel/ > > >> >> directory: > > >> >> > > >> >> Transfer files from the emulated amd64 machine to my M1 Mac=E2=80= =99s OS: > > >> >> $ sftp [email protected] (change the address as necessary) > > >> >> sftp> put netbsd-INSTALL > > >> >> sftp> quit > > >> >> > > >> >> netbsd-INSTALL is now in the M1=E2=80=99s home directory (which i= s, > > >> >> co-incidentally, also QuickFTP=E2=80=99s working directory.) > > >> >> > > >> >> On the blue-and-white, running Classic MacOS, point Internet Expl= orer > > >> >> or Netscape to ftp://10.0.0.220 and right-click netbsd-INSTALL to= save > > >> >> the file to the base level of the hard disk. > > >> >> > > >> >> COMPILE THE REGULAR KERNEL > > >> >> > > >> >> The installation kernel is ready, but we need a regular kernel as= well. > > >> >> > > >> >> https://www.netbsd.org/docs/guide/en/chap-kernel.html > > >> >> > > >> >> On the emulated amd64: > > >> >> > > >> >> $ cd /usr/src/sys/arch/macppc/conf > > >> >> > > >> >> $ cp GENERIC GENERIC2 > > >> >> > > >> >> Use your preferred editor with GENERIC2. > > >> >> Change the line: > > >> >> wd* at atabus? drive ? flags 0x0000 > > >> >> to > > >> >> wd* at atabus? drive? flags 0x0aac > > >> >> and save the change. > > >> >> > > >> >> $ cd /usr/src > > >> >> $ ./build.sh -U -j8 -O ~/obj -m macppc -a powerpc kernel=3DGENERI= C2 > > >> >> > > >> >> A summery will tell you where the new kernel (called =E2=80=9Cnet= bsd=E2=80=9D) is located. > > >> >> > > >> >> Copy this from the UTM machine to the home directory on my M1: > > >> >> > > >> >> $ cd /home/chris/obj/sys/arch/macppc/compile/GENERIC2/ > > >> >> $ sftp [email protected] > > >> >> sftp> put netbsd > > >> >> sftp> quit > > >> >> > > >> >> It=E2=80=99s now ready to be copied to the blue-and-white G3 (see= elsewhere). > > >> >> > > >> >> ---- > > >> >> > > >> >> Preventing caps-lock from freezing a blue-and-white G3 > > >> >> > > >> >> On my B&W G3 I noticed the caps-lock key would sometimes -- but n= ot > > >> >> always -- cause the computer to freeze. Unplugging the USB cable = would > > >> >> un-freeze the machine, but also cause strange behavior on the con= sole. > > >> >> As such, I found it useful to simultaneously ssh into the B&W fro= m my > > >> >> M1 Air while messing around with caps-lock so I could more easily > > >> >> reboot the machine. > > >> >> > > >> >> The keyboard in question is a late-1990s Apple M2452. > > >> >> > > >> >> My =E2=80=9Csolution=E2=80=9D was to map the caps-lock key to the= left shift key. > > >> >> Therefore I have two left shift keys, and no caps-lock. But at le= ast I > > >> >> don=E2=80=99t accidentally freeze my Mac any more. > > >> >> > > >> >> Edit /etc/wscons.conf. > > >> >> Underneath the line that begins: =E2=80=9C#mapfile > > >> >> /usr/share/wscons/keymaps/pckbd.sv.svascii=E2=80=9D > > >> >> add a new, uncommented line: > > >> >> mapfile /usr/share/wscons/keymaps/pckbd.caps.shift > > >> >> and save the change. > > >> >> > > >> >> Then: > > >> >> # cd /usr/share/wscons/keymaps/ > > >> >> # vi pckbd.caps.shift > > >> >> > > >> >> and add one line to this file: > > >> >> keysym Caps_Lock =3D Shift_L > > >> >> > > >> >> Save and reboot. Caps will now map to shift. > > >> >> > > >> >> X11 with the blue-and-white > > >> >> > > >> >> Here=E2=80=99s a functional xorg.conf file for the Mac with a ATI= Rage 128 PCI card. > > >> >> It=E2=80=99s probably nowhere near optimal. 3D acceleration is no= t enabled. > > >> >> Let me know if you know how to enable acceleration. > > >> >> > > >> >> Place this text as /etc/X11/xorg.conf > > >> >> > > >> >> Section "ServerLayout" > > >> >> Identifier "X.org Configured" > > >> >> Screen 0 "Screen0" 0 0 > > >> >> InputDevice "Mouse0" "CorePointer" > > >> >> InputDevice "Keyboard0" "CoreKeyboard" > > >> >> EndSection > > >> >> > > >> >> Section "Files" > > >> >> ModulePath "/usr/X11R7/lib/modules" > > >> >> FontPath "/usr/X11R7/lib/X11/fonts/misc/" > > >> >> FontPath "/usr/X11R7/lib/X11/fonts/TTF/" > > >> >> FontPath "/usr/X11R7/lib/X11/fonts/Type1/" > > >> >> FontPath "/usr/X11R7/lib/X11/fonts/75dpi/" > > >> >> FontPath "/usr/X11R7/lib/X11/fonts/100dpi/" > > >> >> EndSection > > >> >> > > >> >> Section "Module" > > >> >> #Load "dbe" #action > > >> >> #Load "extmod" #action > > >> >> Load "dri" > > >> >> Load "dri2" > > >> >> Load "glx" > > >> >> Load "shadow" > > >> >> EndSection > > >> >> > > >> >> Section "InputDevice" > > >> >> Identifier "Keyboard0" > > >> >> Driver "kbd" > > >> >> Option "Protocol" "wskbd" > > >> >> Option "Device" "/dev/wskbd" > > >> >> EndSection > > >> >> > > >> >> Section "InputDevice" > > >> >> Identifier "Mouse0" > > >> >> Driver "mouse" > > >> >> Option "Protocol" "wsmouse" > > >> >> Option "Device" "/dev/wsmouse" > > >> >> Option "ZAxisMapping" "4 5 6 7" > > >> >> EndSection > > >> >> > > >> >> Section "Monitor" > > >> >> Identifier "Monitor0" > > >> >> VendorName "Monitor Vendor" > > >> >> ModelName "Monitor Model" > > >> >> #HorizSync 58-62 #action > > >> >> #VertRefresh 75-117 #action > > >> >> #Option "VGA-0" "VGA monitor" #action > > >> >> Modeline "1024x768" 78.75 1024 1040 1136 1312 768 769 772 800 -= hsync -vsync > > >> >> Modeline "1024x768" 78.75 1024 1040 1136 1312 768 769 772 800 += hsync +vsync > > >> >> EndSection > > >> >> > > >> >> Section "Monitor" > > >> >> Identifier "LVDS monitor" > > >> >> Option "LVDS" "LVDS note" > > >> >> EndSection > > >> >> > > >> >> Section "Device" > > >> >> ### Available Driver options are:- > > >> >> ### Values: <i>: integer, <f>: float, <bool>: "True"/"Fal= se", > > >> >> ### <string>: "String", <freq>: "<f> Hz/kHz/MHz", > > >> >> ### <percent>: "<f>%" > > >> >> ### [arg]: arg optional > > >> >> #Option "NoAccel" # [<bool>] > > >> >> #Option "Dac6Bit" # [<bool>] > > >> >> #Option "VGAAccess" # [<bool>] > > >> >> #Option "ShowCache" # [<bool>] > > >> >> #Option "SWcursor" # [<bool>] > > >> >> #Option "VideoKey" # <i> > > >> >> #Option "PanelWidth" # <i> > > >> >> #Option "PanelHeight" # <i> > > >> >> #Option "ProgramFPRegs" # [<bool>] > > >> >> #Option "DMAForXv" # [<bool>] > > >> >> #Option "ForcePCIMode" # [<bool>] > > >> >> #Option "CCEPIOMode" # [<bool>] > > >> >> #Option "CCENoSecurity" # [<bool>] > > >> >> #Option "CCEusecTimeout" # <i> > > >> >> #Option "AGPMode" # <i> > > >> >> #Option "AGPSize" # <i> > > >> >> #Option "RingSize" # <i> > > >> >> #Option "BufferSize" # <i> > > >> >> #Option "EnablePageFlip" # [<bool>] > > >> >> #Option "AccelMethod" # <str> > > >> >> #Option "RenderAccel" # [<bool>] > > >> >> #Option "NoAccel" "off" #action > > >> >> #Option "UseFBDev" "on" #action > > >> >> #Screen 0 #action > > >> >> #Option "ForcePCIMode" "True" #not used re manpage but in aut= ogen > > >> >> #Option "Display" "CRT" #not used re r128 manpage but x.org disa= gree > > >> >> Identifier "Card0" > > >> >> Driver "r128" > > >> >> BusID "PCI:0:16:0" > > >> >> EndSection > > >> >> > > >> >> > > >> >> Section "Screen" > > >> >> Identifier "Screen0" > > >> >> Device "Card0" > > >> >> Monitor "Monitor0" > > >> >> Option "DPMS" > > >> >> > > >> >> DefaultDepth 24 > > >> >> > > >> >> SubSection "Display" > > >> >> Viewport 0 0 > > >> >> Depth 1 > > >> >> EndSubSection > > >> >> SubSection "Display" > > >> >> Viewport 0 0 > > >> >> Depth 4 > > >> >> EndSubSection > > >> >> SubSection "Display" > > >> >> Viewport 0 0 > > >> >> Depth 8 > > >> >> EndSubSection > > >> >> SubSection "Display" > > >> >> Viewport 0 0 > > >> >> Depth 15 > > >> >> EndSubSection > > >> >> SubSection "Display" > > >> >> Viewport 0 0 > > >> >> Depth 16 > > >> >> EndSubSection > > >> >> SubSection "Display" > > >> >> Viewport 0 0 > > >> >> Depth 24 > > >> >> EndSubSection > > >> >> EndSection > > >> >> > > >> >> Section "DRI" > > >> >> Mode 0666 > > >> >> EndSection