Re: a solution to the by-election problem?

Ross Hyman via Election-Methods <[email protected]> Tue, 21 Apr 2026 13:30:51 -0500
Newsgroups gmane.politics.election-methods
Message-ID <CAOqnLe4GZJ5Gv4KUhKuaRjkViAqUQHAS3LAfvKjoXg4zaABjEA@mail.gmail.com>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