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HUNTER BEARDECEMBER 5 2014
The non-violent protests at Ferguson,New York City metro, and now many othe=
r settings, are obviously refreshing tohumanrights and social justiceadvoca=
tes generally =E2=80=93 and certainly to all those who are traditionally an=
dfrequently victimized by lawmen (law persons.)
The town in which I grew up,Flagstaff Arizona, was racist as hell--a blend =
of border south with its southwestern kin.My parents were among an initiall=
y smallinterracial/intercultural band of people who challenged injustice in=
thatsetting =E2=80=93 gross injustice which involved, among other things, =
blatantlydiscriminatory and sometimes lethal =E2=80=9Claw enforcement.=E2=
=80=9D Eventually, there werevictories on that front (and some other fronts=
as well) =E2=80=93 including getting asheriff who immediately hired a numb=
er of minorities as deputies.I learned much from all of that.
In the last analysis, it=E2=80=99s localaction =E2=80=93 just what=E2=80=99=
s ongoing now =E2=80=93 that deals most effectively with racism andethnocen=
trism and their poisonous offspring.My own organizing, in many settings ove=
r many decades, has frequently,among other challenges, confronted =E2=80=9C=
law enforcement=E2=80=9D injustice.And there have been instances where thos=
esituations have been the primary target.This includes my present setting, =
southeastern Idaho, which has come aways =E2=80=93 via various actions from=
many of us =E2=80=93 since 22 year old Felipe Galloway,a Shoshone/Bannock =
Native, was shot and killed twelve years ago in hisgrandmother=E2=80=99s of=
f reservation home by an Anglo lawmen.The police officer claimed self-defen=
se butall Felipe Galloway was holding was a can of shaving cream.That killi=
ng was officially whitewashed, butit immediately generated much constructiv=
e local and regional pressure whichcontinues at various levels.
There were two very bad local lawenforcement situations that we challenged =
directly and successfully in NorthDakota during our long sojourn in that ra=
ther isolated geographicalsetting.
One of these was the deplorablepolice situation at Grand Forks, where we li=
ved.The other was at Devils Lake, one of theworst racist complexes I=E2=80=
=99ve ever seen outside of Deep Dixie.
Here are two brief sketches of thosesituations and our effective approaches=
.There is much more detail involved, of course, but these convey thebasics:
Grand Forkshttp://www.hunterbear.org/there_is_a_saying_in_our_native_.htm
Devils Lakehttp://www.hunterbear.org/Devil's%20Lake.htm
And here=E2=80=99s the story of Broken Arrow,a fine Hollywood film thenand =
now, madenear Flagstaff, which helped change things.The basic screen play w=
as done by Albert Malz, soon to be blacklisted byHUAC; and the film also fe=
atures Will Geer, soon to be blacklisted as well.
NOTE BY HUNTER BEAR [12/26/09]
There=E2=80=99s an old Hollywood film which,when it=E2=80=99s occasionally =
run on television, I always see =E2=80=94 sometimes in part,sometimes all t=
he way through. It appeared this morning It=E2=80=99s Broken Arrow[1950], t=
he story of Tom Jeffords, a U.S. Army Scout who, in the Arizonaterritory of=
1870, saw the Apaches as human beings, developed a friendship witha major =
Apache leader, Cochise, married a young Apache woman, and forged a kindof p=
eace between Cochise and his people =E2=80=94 and most of the Americans. Th=
e filmfollows the actual historical record with, all things considered, rea=
sonableaccuracy =E2=80=94 but with the still common fictional modifications=
that characterizeHollywood=E2=80=99s treatment of many subjects.
But, to come quickly to the mainpoint, Broken Arrow could be considered the=
first pro-Native film of widespreadreach ever filmed by Hollywood.
Seen by today=E2=80=99s yardsticks, BrokenArrow could, I suppose, be viewed=
as simplistic, maybe even a little hokey. Thelead Native figures are playe=
d by non-Indians: Jeff Chandler as Cochiseand Debra Paget as Sonseeahray =
=E2=80=94 with whom Jeffords falls in love and marriesvia the Apache Way. [=
She is later killed by Anglo die-hards.] JimmyStewart depicts Jeffords and =
Jay Silverheels [Mohawk] plays the dissidentGeronimo.
Broken Arrow was filmed for thegreatest part in the Oak Creek Canyon countr=
y, close by to Flagstaff, but in amuch lower elevation. It was one of the f=
irst films to be made in thatbeautiful area =E2=80=94 and has been followed=
by countless others. The othersetting, purely secondary to Oak Creek, is t=
he film town of Old Tucson nearthat then rather small [but not now] major c=
ity of the state.
The filming occurred mostly in 1949,while the Big Snow that had hit the hig=
h country [Flagstaff got 17 feet in twoor three weeks and more followed] wa=
s beginning to melt. A fair number ofNavajo people were used in the film =
=E2=80=94 something that almost immediately beganto disturb the considerabl=
e racist Anglo component in Flagstaff. Whenthey learned, soon enough, that =
the film was really quite pro-Indian, theybecame increasingly vocal in thei=
r hostility. There was no violence, such asoccurred in the making of Salt o=
f the Earth in not-far-away southwestern NewMexico in 1953-54 =E2=80=94 but=
the level of hostility at Flag was high. This wasmuch less true at well-in=
tegrated Flagstaff High where I was a keenly observantsophomore and, as the=
controversy went on, a junior.
[Will Geer, the Salt sheriff plays anAnglo rancher in Broken Arrow. The mai=
n screen writer was Albert Maltz,black-listed in Hollywood by the House Un-=
American Activities Committee andthus never credited for his fine work for =
Broken Arrow. Geer was soon tobecome a black-list victim -- and so was Salt=
of the Earth.]
In those days, Phoenix was a 12 hourdrive from Flagstaff [now, sadly, it's =
less than three], and the Hollywood filmfolk bought many supplies at Flagst=
aff. That economic fact softened some=E2=80=94 but only some =E2=80=94 of t=
he pervasive hostility which reached the point ofan effort to prevent the f=
ilm, when it was completed, from playing intown. When Broken Arrow was clos=
e to heading out to the world in 1950, itbecame known that it was scheduled=
to play forthwith at our primary theatre,The Orpheum. [The other movie hou=
se in town, Lyric, was a dive.] Opponents of Broken Arrow, at Flag and envi=
rons, called on =E2=80=9Cwhite people=E2=80=9D toboycott the movie. At that=
point, Platt Cline, owner and editor of thedaily paper, Arizona Daily Sun =
=E2=80=94 and more than just a =E2=80=9Cmoderate=E2=80=9D on racialmatters =
=E2=80=94 ran an editorial suggesting that people simply see the film and d=
rawtheir own conclusions. He pointed out that Broken Arrow could beconsider=
ed, in a very real sense, =E2=80=9Cour film=E2=80=9D =E2=80=94 since it inv=
olved Oak Creekcountry and Navajos. That netted Platt, a good friend of my =
parents,quite a number of hostile letters, He didn=E2=80=99t give a damn, p=
rinted some ofthem.
Flagstaff was pretty pervasivelyracist =E2=80=94 one of the reasons our fam=
ily lived in outlying parts. It wasn=E2=80=99tthe total segregation complex=
of the Deep South and there were interestingdiversities that warrant a lon=
g article in their own right. The high school, asI=E2=80=99ve noted, was th=
oroughly integrated: Anglo, Chicano, Native, Black,Chinese. There was a sma=
ll Black elementary school. Somerestaurants served only Anglos and I rememb=
er outside signs, =E2=80=9CNo Indians OrDogs Allowed=E2=80=9D; a few also s=
erved Chicanos and Indians and Orientals; nomainline eating places served t=
he small Black community which had, of course,developed its own places whic=
h would serve everyone.
The low-brow Lyric Theatre =E2=80=94 kind of awful in retropect =E2=80=94 w=
ould serve anyone, sit wherever you wished. The Orpheum had a large balcony=
where Blacks had to sit. =E2=80=9COthers=E2=80=9D,whoever they were, could=
sit downstairs or in the balcony =E2=80=94 whatever theywished. On the oth=
er hand, most Chicanos and almost all Natives preferredto sit in the much f=
riendlier balcony =E2=80=94 where our family always sat and wherethe price =
was a bit lower and, frankly, the view much better.
Broken Arrow came to Flagstaff asscheduled =E2=80=94 in its first release w=
ave. I and my multi-ethnic group of buddieswere there, almost at the head o=
f the line. We were far from the onlyones. The Orpheum was literally packed=
brimful =E2=80=94 balcony anddownstairs. In the end, it played at Flag for=
a number of days =E2=80=94 muchlonger than its original scheduling.
And it always drew bumper audiences.
As nearly as I and my family and myfriends could tell, almost everyone in t=
he throngs who viewed it, liked it verymuch =E2=80=94 fascinated in many ca=
ses. And almost from the first showing onward, thebitterly hostile comments=
by the die-hards who would eventually die but neversurrender, were muted, =
no longer public.
Broken Arrow didn=E2=80=99t turn Flag intothe =E2=80=9Cbeloved community=E2=
=80=9D =E2=80=94 not a chance of that =E2=80=94 but it was a very significa=
ntstep for everyone, and a source of considerable pride for Indian people. =
Years later, in the =E2=80=9960s, I gave a fairly long speech at Flagstaff =
which hadchanged somewhat for the better, still to this moment an on-goingp=
rocess. My talk was well attended by a wide variety of people and, inthe co=
urse of it, I mentioned Broken Arrow. I was pleased that thatstruck a note =
of positive resonance with almost all adults present. They wellrecalled the=
hassle and its aftermath.
So when, as it occasionally does,appear on television =E2=80=94 and I spot =
it =E2=80=94 I always greet Broken Arrow with goodwords and thoughts, thank=
it, and wish it and our Cause, very well indeed.
Hunter [Hunter Bear]
HUNTER GRAY [HUNTER BEAR/JOHN R SALTER JR] Mi'kmaq / St. Francis Abenaki / =
St. Regis Mohawk=20
Protected by Na=C2=B4shdo=C2=B4i=C2=B4ba=C2=B4i=C2=B4=20
and Ohkwari' . Check out our massive social justice website:=20
www.hunterbear.org
Member, National Writers Union AFL-CIO=20
Core dimensions of my Community Organizing course:
http://www.labornet.org/news/0000/hbear.htm
My expanded/updated "Organizer's Book,"=20
JACKSON MISSISSIPPI -- with a new 10,000=20
word introduction by me. Covers much of my=20
confrontational social justice organizing life to=20
date. Contains much how-to grassroots organizing=20
methodology: http://hunterbear.org/jackson.htm
See this for mini-bio, efforts to prevent JM=E2=80=99s appearance in
Mississippi, a wide range of its many reviews, and some
photos: http://www.amazon.com/John-R.-Salter/e/B001KMEHWY/ref=3Dntt_dp_epwb=
k_0
The Stormy Adoption of an Indian Child [My Father]:=20
http://hunterbear.org/James%20and%20Salter%20and%20Dad.htm
(Photos)=20
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<html><body bgcolor=3D"#ffffff">
<div><font face=3D"Verdana" size=3D"2"></font></div>
<div><font face=3D"Verdana" size=3D"2"> <font face=3D"Times New Roman"=
size=3D"3">
</font><p style=3D"margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><b style=3D"mso-bidi-font-weight: =
normal;"><span style=3D"line-height: 107%; font-size: 12pt;"><font face=3D"=
Calibri">HUNTER BEAR<span style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>DECEMB=
ER 5 2014</font></span></b></p><font face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D"3">
</font><p style=3D"margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><b style=3D"mso-bidi-font-weight: =
normal;"><span style=3D"line-height: 107%; font-size: 12pt;"><font face=3D"=
Calibri">The non-violent protests at Ferguson,
New York City metro, and now many other settings, are obviously refreshing =
to
human<span style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>rights and social jus=
tice
advocates generally =E2=80=93 and certainly to all those who are traditiona=
lly and
frequently victimized by lawmen (law persons.)</font></span></b></p><font f=
ace=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D"3">
</font><p style=3D"margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><b style=3D"mso-bidi-font-weight: =
normal;"><span style=3D"line-height: 107%; font-size: 12pt;"><font face=3D"=
Calibri">The town in which I grew up,
Flagstaff Arizona, was racist as hell<span style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes;">&nb=
sp; </span>--
a blend of border south with its southwestern kin.<span style=3D"mso-spacer=
un: yes;"> </span>My parents were among an initially small
interracial/intercultural band of people who challenged injustice in that
setting =E2=80=93 gross injustice which involved, among other things, blata=
ntly
discriminatory and sometimes lethal =E2=80=9Claw enforcement.=E2=80=9D Even=
tually, there were
victories on that front (and some other fronts as well) =E2=80=93 including=
getting a
sheriff who immediately hired a number of minorities as deputies.<span styl=
e=3D"mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I learned much from all of <span sty=
le=3D"mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>that.</font></span></b></p><font fac=
e=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D"3">
</font><p style=3D"margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><b style=3D"mso-bidi-font-weight: =
normal;"><span style=3D"line-height: 107%; font-size: 12pt;"><font face=3D"=
Calibri">In the last analysis, it=E2=80=99s local
action =E2=80=93 just what=E2=80=99s ongoing now =E2=80=93 that deals most =
effectively with racism and
ethnocentrism and their poisonous offspring.<span style=3D"mso-spacerun: ye=
s;">
</span>My own organizing, in many settings over many decades, has frequentl=
y,
among other challenges, confronted =E2=80=9Claw enforcement=E2=80=9D injust=
ice.<span style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And there have been in=
stances where those
situations have been the primary target.<span style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes;">=
</span>This includes my present setting, southeastern Idaho, which has come=
a
ways =E2=80=93 via various actions from many of us =E2=80=93 since 22 year =
old Felipe Galloway,
a Shoshone/Bannock Native, was shot and killed twelve years ago in his
grandmother=E2=80=99s off reservation home by an Anglo lawmen.<span style=
=3D"mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The police officer claimed self-defen=
se but
all Felipe Galloway was holding was a can of shaving cream.<span style=3D"m=
so-spacerun: yes;"> </span>That killing was officially whitewashed, b=
ut
it immediately generated much constructive local and regional pressure whic=
h
continues at various levels.</font></span></b></p><font face=3D"Times New R=
oman" size=3D"3">
</font><p style=3D"margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><b style=3D"mso-bidi-font-weight: =
normal;"><span style=3D"line-height: 107%; font-size: 12pt;"><font face=3D"=
Calibri">There were two very bad local law
enforcement situations that we challenged directly and successfully in Nort=
h
Dakota during our long sojourn in that rather isolated geographical
setting.<span style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></font></span></b>=
</p><font face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D"3">
</font><p style=3D"margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><b style=3D"mso-bidi-font-weight: =
normal;"><span style=3D"line-height: 107%; font-size: 12pt;"><font face=3D"=
Calibri">One of these was the deplorable
police situation at Grand Forks, where we lived.<span style=3D"mso-spacerun=
: yes;"> </span>The other was at Devils Lake, one of the
worst racist complexes I=E2=80=99ve ever seen outside of Deep Dixie.</font>=
</span></b></p><font face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D"3">
</font><p style=3D"margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><b style=3D"mso-bidi-font-weight: =
normal;"><span style=3D"line-height: 107%; font-size: 12pt;"><font face=3D"=
Calibri">Here are two brief sketches of those
situations and our effective approaches.<span style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes;">=
</span>There is much more detail involved, of course, but these convey the
basics:</font></span></b></p><font face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D"3">
</font><p style=3D"margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><b style=3D"mso-bidi-font-weight: =
normal;"><span style=3D"line-height: 107%; font-size: 12pt;"><font face=3D"=
Calibri">Grand Forks<span style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes;"> &n=
bsp; </span></font><a href=3D"http://www.hunterbear.org/there_is_a_saying_i=
n_our_native_.htm" mce_href=3D"http://www.hunterbear.org/there_is_a_saying_=
in_our_native_.htm"><font color=3D"#0563c1" face=3D"Calibri">http://www.hun=
terbear.org/there_is_a_saying_in_our_native_.htm</font></a></span></b></p><=
font face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D"3">
</font><p style=3D"margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><b style=3D"mso-bidi-font-weight: =
normal;"><span style=3D"line-height: 107%; font-size: 12pt;"><font face=3D"=
Calibri">Devils Lake<span style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes;"> &n=
bsp; </span></font><a href=3D"http://www.hunterbear.org/Devil's=
%20Lake.htm" mce_href=3D"http://www.hunterbear.org/Devil's%20Lake.htm"><fon=
t color=3D"#0563c1" face=3D"Calibri">http://www.hunterbear.org/Devil's%20La=
ke.htm</font></a></span></b></p><font face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D"3">
</font><p style=3D"margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><b style=3D"mso-bidi-font-weight: =
normal;"><span style=3D"line-height: 107%; font-size: 12pt;"><font face=3D"=
Calibri">And here=E2=80=99s the story of Broken Arrow,
a fine Hollywood film then<span style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>=
and now, made
near Flagstaff, which helped change things.<span style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes=
;">
</span>The basic screen play was done by Albert Malz, soon to be blackliste=
d by
HUAC; and the film also features Will Geer, soon to be blackliste=
d as well.</font></span></b></p><font face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D"3">
</font><font face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D"3">
</font><font face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D"3">
</font><p style=3D"margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><b style=3D"mso-bidi-font-weight: =
normal;"><span style=3D"line-height: 107%; font-size: 12pt;"><font face=3D"=
Calibri"><br></font></span></b></p><p style=3D"margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><b sty=
le=3D"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style=3D"line-height: 107%; font=
-size: 12pt;"><font face=3D"Calibri">NOTE BY HUNTER BEAR [12/26/09]</font><=
/span></b></p><font face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D"3">
</font><p style=3D"margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><b style=3D"mso-bidi-font-weight: =
normal;"><span style=3D"line-height: 107%; font-size: 12pt;"><font face=3D"=
Calibri">There=E2=80=99s an old Hollywood film which,
when it=E2=80=99s occasionally run on television, I always see =E2=80=94 so=
metimes in part,
sometimes all the way through. It appeared this morning It=E2=80=99s =
Broken Arrow
[1950], the story of Tom Jeffords, a U.S. Army Scout who, in the Arizona
territory of 1870, saw the Apaches as human beings, developed a friendship =
with
a major Apache leader, Cochise, married a young Apache woman, and forged a =
kind
of peace between Cochise and his people =E2=80=94 and most of the Americans=
. The film
follows the actual historical record with, all things considered, reasonabl=
e
accuracy =E2=80=94 but with the still common fictional modifications that c=
haracterize
Hollywood=E2=80=99s treatment of many subjects.</font></span></b></p><font =
face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D"3">
</font><p style=3D"margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><b style=3D"mso-bidi-font-weight: =
normal;"><span style=3D"line-height: 107%; font-size: 12pt;"><font face=3D"=
Calibri">But, to come quickly to the main
point, Broken Arrow could be considered the first pro-Native film of widesp=
read
reach ever filmed by Hollywood.</font></span></b></p><font face=3D"Times Ne=
w Roman" size=3D"3">
</font><p style=3D"margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><b style=3D"mso-bidi-font-weight: =
normal;"><span style=3D"line-height: 107%; font-size: 12pt;"><font face=3D"=
Calibri">Seen by today=E2=80=99s yardsticks, Broken
Arrow could, I suppose, be viewed as simplistic, maybe even a little hokey.=
The
lead Native figures are played by non-Indians: Jeff Chandler as Cochi=
se
and Debra Paget as Sonseeahray =E2=80=94 with whom Jeffords falls in love a=
nd marries
via the Apache Way. [She is later killed by Anglo die-hards.] Jimmy
Stewart depicts Jeffords and Jay Silverheels [Mohawk] plays the dissident
Geronimo.</font></span></b></p><font face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D"3">
</font><p style=3D"margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><b style=3D"mso-bidi-font-weight: =
normal;"><span style=3D"line-height: 107%; font-size: 12pt;"><font face=3D"=
Calibri">Broken Arrow was filmed for the
greatest part in the Oak Creek Canyon country, close by to Flagstaff, but i=
n a
much lower elevation. It was one of the first films to be made in tha=
t
beautiful area =E2=80=94 and has been followed by countless others. T=
he other
setting, purely secondary to Oak Creek, is the film town of Old Tucson near
that then rather small [but not now] major city of the state.</font></span>=
</b></p><font face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D"3">
</font><p style=3D"margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><b style=3D"mso-bidi-font-weight: =
normal;"><span style=3D"line-height: 107%; font-size: 12pt;"><font face=3D"=
Calibri">The filming occurred mostly in 1949,
while the Big Snow that had hit the high country [Flagstaff got 17 feet in =
two
or three weeks and more followed] was beginning to melt. A fair numbe=
r of
Navajo people were used in the film =E2=80=94 something that almost immedia=
tely began
to disturb the considerable racist Anglo component in Flagstaff. When
they learned, soon enough, that the film was really quite pro-Indian, they
became increasingly vocal in their hostility. There was no violence, such a=
s
occurred in the making of Salt of the Earth in not-far-away southwestern Ne=
w
Mexico in 1953-54 =E2=80=94 but the level of hostility at Flag was high.&nb=
sp; This was
much less true at well-integrated Flagstaff High where I was a keenly obser=
vant
sophomore and, as the controversy went on, a junior.</font></span></b></p><=
font face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D"3">
</font><p style=3D"margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><b style=3D"mso-bidi-font-weight: =
normal;"><span style=3D"line-height: 107%; font-size: 12pt;"><font face=3D"=
Calibri">[Will Geer, the Salt sheriff plays an
Anglo rancher in Broken Arrow. The main screen writer was Albert Malt=
z,
black-listed in Hollywood by the House Un-American Activities Committee and
thus never credited for his fine work for Broken Arrow. Geer was soon=
to
become a black-list victim -- and so was Salt of the Earth.]</font></span><=
/b></p><font face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D"3">
</font><p style=3D"margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><b style=3D"mso-bidi-font-weight: =
normal;"><span style=3D"line-height: 107%; font-size: 12pt;"><font face=3D"=
Calibri">In those days, Phoenix was a 12 hour
drive from Flagstaff [now, sadly, it's less than three], and the Hollywood =
film
folk bought many supplies at Flagstaff. That economic fact softened s=
ome
=E2=80=94 but only some =E2=80=94 of the pervasive hostility which re=
ached the point of
an effort to prevent the film, when it was completed, from playing in
town. When Broken Arrow was close to heading out to the world in 1950=
, it
became known that it was scheduled to play forthwith at our primary theatre=
,
The Orpheum. [The other movie house in town, Lyric, was a dive.]
Opponents of Broken Arrow, at Flag and environs, called on =E2=80=9Cwhite p=
eople=E2=80=9D to
boycott the movie. At that point, Platt Cline, owner and editor of th=
e
daily paper, Arizona Daily Sun =E2=80=94 and more than just a =E2=80=9Cmode=
rate=E2=80=9D on racial
matters =E2=80=94 ran an editorial suggesting that people simply see the fi=
lm and draw
their own conclusions. He pointed out that Broken Arrow could be
considered, in a very real sense, =E2=80=9Cour film=E2=80=9D =E2=80=94 sinc=
e it involved Oak Creek
country and Navajos. That netted Platt, a good friend of my parents,
quite a number of hostile letters, He didn=E2=80=99t give a damn, pri=
nted some of
them.</font></span></b></p><font face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D"3">
</font><p style=3D"margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><b style=3D"mso-bidi-font-weight: =
normal;"><span style=3D"line-height: 107%; font-size: 12pt;"><font face=3D"=
Calibri">Flagstaff was pretty pervasively
racist =E2=80=94 one of the reasons our family lived in outlying parts.&nbs=
p; It wasn=E2=80=99t
the total segregation complex of the Deep South and there were interesting
diversities that warrant a long article in their own right. The high school=
, as
I=E2=80=99ve noted, was thoroughly integrated: Anglo, Chicano, Native, Blac=
k,
Chinese. There was a small Black elementary school. Some
restaurants served only Anglos and I remember outside signs, =E2=80=9CNo In=
dians Or
Dogs Allowed=E2=80=9D; a few also served Chicanos and Indians and Orientals=
; no
mainline eating places served the small Black community which had, of cours=
e,
developed its own places which would serve everyone.</font></span></b></p><=
font face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D"3">
</font><p style=3D"margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><b style=3D"mso-bidi-font-weight: =
normal;"><span style=3D"line-height: 107%; font-size: 12pt;"><font face=3D"=
Calibri">The low-brow Lyric Theatre =E2=80=94
kind of awful in retropect =E2=80=94 would serve anyone, sit wherever you w=
ished.
The Orpheum had a large balcony where Blacks had to sit. =E2=80=9COth=
ers=E2=80=9D,
whoever they were, could sit downstairs or in the balcony =E2=80=94 whateve=
r they
wished. On the other hand, most Chicanos and almost all Natives prefe=
rred
to sit in the much friendlier balcony =E2=80=94 where our family always sat=
and where
the price was a bit lower and, frankly, the view much better.</font></span>=
</b></p><font face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D"3">
</font><p style=3D"margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><b style=3D"mso-bidi-font-weight: =
normal;"><span style=3D"line-height: 107%; font-size: 12pt;"><font face=3D"=
Calibri">Broken Arrow came to Flagstaff as
scheduled =E2=80=94 in its first release wave. I and my multi-ethnic group =
of buddies
were there, almost at the head of the line. We were far from the only
ones. The Orpheum was literally packed brimful =E2=80=94 balcony and
downstairs. In the end, it played at Flag for a number of days =E2=80=
=94 much
longer than its original scheduling.</font></span></b></p><font face=3D"Tim=
es New Roman" size=3D"3">
</font><p style=3D"margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><b style=3D"mso-bidi-font-weight: =
normal;"><span style=3D"line-height: 107%; font-size: 12pt;"><font face=3D"=
Calibri">And it always drew bumper audiences.</font></span></b></p><font fa=
ce=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D"3">
</font><p style=3D"margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><b style=3D"mso-bidi-font-weight: =
normal;"><span style=3D"line-height: 107%; font-size: 12pt;"><font face=3D"=
Calibri">As nearly as I and my family and my
friends could tell, almost everyone in the throngs who viewed it, liked it =
very
much =E2=80=94 fascinated in many cases. And almost from the first showing =
onward, the
bitterly hostile comments by the die-hards who would eventually die but nev=
er
surrender, were muted, no longer public.</font></span></b></p><font face=3D=
"Times New Roman" size=3D"3">
</font><p style=3D"margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><b style=3D"mso-bidi-font-weight: =
normal;"><span style=3D"line-height: 107%; font-size: 12pt;"><font face=3D"=
Calibri">Broken Arrow didn=E2=80=99t turn Flag into
the =E2=80=9Cbeloved community=E2=80=9D =E2=80=94 not a chance of that =E2=
=80=94 but it was a very significant
step for everyone, and a source of considerable pride for Indian people.&nb=
sp;
Years later, in the =E2=80=9960s, I gave a fairly long speech at Flagstaff =
which had
changed somewhat for the better, still to this moment an on-going
process. My talk was well attended by a wide variety of people and, i=
n
the course of it, I mentioned Broken Arrow. I was pleased that that
struck a note of positive resonance with almost all adults present. They we=
ll
recalled the hassle and its aftermath.</font></span></b></p><font face=3D"T=
imes New Roman" size=3D"3">
</font><p style=3D"margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><b style=3D"mso-bidi-font-weight: =
normal;"><span style=3D"line-height: 107%; font-size: 12pt;"><font face=3D"=
Calibri">So when, as it occasionally does,
appear on television =E2=80=94 and I spot it =E2=80=94 I always greet Broke=
n Arrow with good
words and thoughts, thank it, and wish it and our Cause, very well indeed.<=
/font></span></b></p><font face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D"3">
</font><p style=3D"margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><b style=3D"mso-bidi-font-weight: =
normal;"><span style=3D"line-height: 107%; font-size: 12pt;"><font face=3D"=
Calibri">Hunter [Hunter Bear]</font></span></b></p><font face=3D"Times New =
Roman" size=3D"3">
</font></font></div><p>
HUNTER GRAY [HUNTER BEAR/JOHN R SALTER JR] Mi'kmaq / St. Francis Abenaki / =
St. Regis Mohawk=20
<br>
Protected by Na=C2=B4shdo=C2=B4i=C2=B4ba=C2=B4i=C2=B4=20
<br>
and Ohkwari' . Check out our massive social justice website:=20
<br>
<a href=3D"http://www.hunterbear.org" mce_href=3D"http://www.hunterbear.org=
">www.hunterbear.org</a> =20
<br>
Member, National Writers Union AFL-CIO=20
<br>
<br>
Core dimensions of my Community Organizing course:
<br>
<a href=3D"http://www.labornet.org/news/0000/hbear.htm" mce_href=3D"http://=
www.labornet.org/news/0000/hbear.htm">http://www.labornet.org/news/0000/hbe=
ar.htm</a>
<br>
<br>
My expanded/updated "Organizer's Book,"=20
<br>
JACKSON MISSISSIPPI -- with a new 10,000=20
<br>
word introduction by me. Covers much of my=20
<br>
confrontational social justice organizing life to=20
<br>
date. Contains much how-to grassroots organizing=20
<br>
methodology: <a href=3D"http://hunterbear.org/jackson.htm" mce_href=3D"http=
://hunterbear.org/jackson.htm">http://hunterbear.org/jackson.htm</a>
<br>
<br>
See this for mini-bio, efforts to prevent JM=E2=80=99s appearance in
<br>
Mississippi, a wide range of its many reviews, and some
<br>
photos: <a href=3D"http://www.amazon.com/John-R.-Salter/e/B001KMEHWY/ref=
=3Dntt_dp_epwbk_0" mce_href=3D"http://www.amazon.com/John-R.-Salter/e/B001K=
MEHWY/ref=3Dntt_dp_epwbk_0">http://www.amazon.com/John-R.-Salter/e/B001KMEH=
WY/ref=3Dntt_dp_epwbk_0</a>
<br>
<br>
The Stormy Adoption of an Indian Child [My Father]:=20
<br>
<a href=3D"http://hunterbear.org/James%20and%20Salter%20and%20Dad.htm" mce_=
href=3D"http://hunterbear.org/James%20and%20Salter%20and%20Dad.htm">http://=
hunterbear.org/James%20and%20Salter%20and%20Dad.htm</a><br>
(Photos)=20
<br></p>
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