Re: subimperial practices Re: Overseas investment by China's private and public corporations

> On Aug 26, 2026, at 23:35, Patrick Bond via groups.io <[email protected]> wrote:
> 
> the initial (and subsequent) adoption of some of this terminology was not claiming the subimperial sites of capitalism had 'empires.' It was whether the subimperial 'practices' (writ large) of states and capitalists in places like Brazil - as Ruy Mauro Marini observed them first in 1965 - were “collaborating actively with imperialist expansion, assuming in this expansion the position of a key nation,” while still acknowledging “antagonistic cooperation between the bourgeoisie of the underdeveloped countries and imperialism.”

I recently looked up the origin of the term "super-exploitation," which some date to Marini's 1973 work. https://monthlyreview.org/articles/superexploitation-and-the-imperialist-drive-of-capitalism-how-marinis-dialectics-of-dependency-goes-beyond-marxs-capital/. Super-exploitation is not about a high rate of exploitation in Marx's sense of s/v in absolute or relative terms but by robbing the workers of the value of labor reproduction. I understand it to be a third form of exploitation in addition to relative and absolute exploitation.

> That bourgeoisie is distorted, however: “The form which dependent capital assumes upon reaching the stage of monopolies and finance capital.” Stagnation occurs due to overaccumulation of capital, resulting in so-called ‘premature deindustrialisation,’ in turn due to local capitalist ‘super-exploitation’ (which limits buying power) and the accompanying repression of poor and working people that is required to sustain extreme inequality:

There is also "overexploitation" in the literature (https://monthlyreview.org/articles/introduction-to-the-updated-edition-of-arghiri-emmanuels-unequal-exchange/), but I don't know what that is. 

...
> If you like, I can send more on the way subsequent Marxists have written about subimperialism, e.g. here in South Africa both before and after 1994, and in the BRICS:

> • Immanuel Wallerstein’s World-Systems ‘semi-periphery’ (1975)
> • Ibbo Mandaza’s warning about subimperialism practices of the apartheid-era South African state and capital (1980)
> • David Harvey’s application of the subimperialism concept to post-1970s footloose capital’s ‘spatial fix’ (2003)
> • Sam Moyo’s and Paris Yeros’ application of Marini’s theory to the BRICS (2013)
> • Samir Amin’s labelling of post-apartheid South Africa as ‘subimperialist’ (2019)
> • Gorden Moyo’s confirmation that in the African economy, BRICS are subimperial (2024)

Please do.

thanks, Mark



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