Time Travel and the LHC
EpSil0n-// <[email protected]> Wed, 21 Oct 2009 07:06:13 -0500 (CDT)
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The Collider, the Particle and a Theory About Fate
Martial Trezzini/European Pressphoto Agency
SUICIDE MISSION? The core of the superconducting solenoid magnet at the
Large Hadron Collider in Switzerland.
Article Tools Sponsored By
By DENNIS OVERBYE
Published: October 12, 2009
More than a year after an explosion of sparks, soot and frigid helium shut
it down, the worlds biggest and most expensive physics experiment, known
as the Large Hadron Collider, is poised to start up again. In December, if
all goes well, protons will start smashing together in an underground
racetrack outside Geneva in a search for forces and particles that reigned
during the first trillionth of a second of the Big Bang.
Then it will be time to test one of the most bizarre and revolutionary
theories in science. Im not talking about extra dimensions of space-time,
dark matter or even black holes that eat the Earth. No, Im talking about
the notion that the troubled collider is being sabotaged by its own
future. A pair of otherwise distinguished physicists have suggested that
the hypothesized Higgs boson, which physicists hope to produce with the
collider, might be so abhorrent to nature that its creation would ripple
backward through time and stop the collider before it could make one, like
a time traveler who goes back in time to kill his grandfather.
Holger Bech Nielsen, of the Niels Bohr Institute in Copenhagen, and Masao
Ninomiya of the Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics in Kyoto, Japan,
put this idea forward in a series of papers with titles like Test of
Effect From Future in Large Hadron Collider: a Proposal and Search for
Future Influence From LHC, posted on the physics Web site arXiv.org in the
last year and a half.
According to the so-called Standard Model that rules almost all physics,
the Higgs is responsible for imbuing other elementary particles with mass.
It must be our prediction that all Higgs producing machines shall have bad
luck, Dr. Nielsen said in an e-mail message. In an unpublished essay, Dr.
Nielson said of the theory, Well, one could even almost say that we have a
model for God. It is their guess, he went on, that He rather hates Higgs
particles, and attempts to avoid them.
This malign influence from the future, they argue, could explain why the
United States Superconducting Supercollider, also designed to find the
Higgs, was canceled in 1993 after billions of dollars had already been
spent, an event so unlikely that Dr. Nielsen calls it an anti-miracle.
You might think that the appearance of this theory is further proof that
people have had ample time perhaps too much time to think about what
will come out of the collider, which has been 15 years and $9 billion in
the making.
The collider was built by CERN, the European Organization for Nuclear
Research, to accelerate protons to energies of seven trillion electron
volts around an 18-mile underground racetrack and then crash them together
into primordial fireballs.
For the record, as of the middle of September, CERN engineers hope to
begin to collide protons at the so-called injection energy of 450 billion
electron volts in December and then ramp up the energy until the protons
have 3.5 trillion electron volts of energy apiece and then, after a short
Christmas break, real physics can begin.
Maybe.
Dr. Nielsen and Dr. Ninomiya started laying out their case for doom in the
spring of 2008. It was later that fall, of course, after the CERN collider
was turned on, that a connection between two magnets vaporized, shutting
down the collider for more than a year.
Dr. Nielsen called that a funny thing that could make us to believe in the
theory of ours.
He agreed that skepticism would be in order. After all, most big science
projects, including the Hubble Space Telescope, have gone through a period
of seeming jinxed. At CERN, the beat goes on: Last weekend the French
police arrested a particle physicist who works on one of the collider
experiments, on suspicion of conspiracy with a North African wing of Al
Qaeda.
Dr. Nielsen and Dr. Ninomiya have proposed a kind of test: that CERN
engage in a game of chance, a card-drawing exercise using perhaps a
random-number generator, in order to discern bad luck from the future. If
the outcome was sufficiently unlikely, say drawing the one spade in a deck
with 100 million hearts, the machine would either not run at all, or only
at low energies unlikely to find the Higgs.
Sure, its crazy, and CERN should not and is not about to mortgage its
investment to a coin toss. The theory was greeted on some blogs with
comparisons to Harry Potter. But craziness has a fine history in a physics
that talks routinely about cats being dead and alive at the same time and
about anti-gravity puffing out the universe.
As Niels Bohr, Dr. Nielsens late countryman and one of the founders of
quantum theory, once told a colleague: We are all agreed that your theory
is crazy. The question that divides us is whether it is crazy enough to
have a chance of being correct.
Dr. Nielsen is well-qualified in this tradition. He is known in physics as
one of the founders of string theory and a deep and original thinker, one
of those extremely smart people that is willing to chase crazy ideas
pretty far, in the words of Sean Carroll, a Caltech physicist and author
of a coming book about time, From Eternity to Here.
(Page 2 of 2)
Another of Dr. Nielsens projects is an effort to show how the universe as
we know it, with all its apparent regularity, could arise from pure
randomness, a subject he calls random dynamics.
Dr. Nielsen admits that he and Dr. Ninomiyas new theory smacks of time
travel, a longtime interest, which has become a respectable research
subject in recent years. While it is a paradox to go back in time and kill
your grandfather, physicists agree there is no paradox if you go back in
time and save him from being hit by a bus. In the case of the Higgs and
the collider, it is as if something is going back in time to keep the
universe from being hit by a bus. Although just why the Higgs would be a
catastrophe is not clear. If we knew, presumably, we wouldnt be trying to
make one.
We always assume that the past influences the future. But that is not
necessarily true in the physics of Newton or Einstein. According to
physicists, all you really need to know, mathematically, to describe what
happens to an apple or the 100 billion galaxies of the universe over all
time are the laws that describe how things change and a statement of where
things start. The latter are the so-called boundary conditions the apple
five feet over your head, or the Big Bang.
The equations work just as well, Dr. Nielsen and others point out, if the
boundary conditions specify a condition in the future (the apple on your
head) instead of in the past, as long as the fundamental laws of physics
are reversible, which most physicists believe they are.
For those of us who believe in physics, Einstein once wrote to a friend,
this separation between past, present and future is only an illusion.
In Kurt Vonneguts novel Sirens of Titan, all of human history turns out to
be reduced to delivering a piece of metal roughly the size and shape of a
beer-can opener to an alien marooned on Saturns moon so he can repair his
spaceship and go home.
Whether the collider has such a noble or humble fate or any fate at all
remains to be seen. As a Red Sox fan my entire adult life, I feel I know
something about jinxes.
http://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/13/scien ... .html?_r=1
(http://inyourface.info/crypt/ - MORE)
[HR]
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<p><br>
The Collider, the Particle and a Theory About Fate<br>
Martial Trezzini/European Pressphoto Agency<br>
<br>
SUICIDE MISSION? The core of the superconducting solenoid magnet at the <br>
Large Hadron Collider in Switzerland.<br>
<br>
Article Tools Sponsored By<br>
By DENNIS OVERBYE<br>
Published: October 12, 2009<br>
<br>
More than a year after an explosion of sparks, soot and frigid helium shut <br>
it down, the worlds biggest and most expensive physics experiment, known <br>
as the Large Hadron Collider, is poised to start up again. In December, if <br>
all goes well, protons will start smashing together in an underground <br>
racetrack outside Geneva in a search for forces and particles that reigned <br>
during the first trillionth of a second of the Big Bang.<br>
<br>
Then it will be time to test one of the most bizarre and revolutionary <br>
theories in science. Im not talking about extra dimensions of space-time, <br>
dark matter or even black holes that eat the Earth. No, Im talking about <br>
the notion that the troubled collider is being sabotaged by its own <br>
future. A pair of otherwise distinguished physicists have suggested that <br>
the hypothesized Higgs boson, which physicists hope to produce with the <br>
collider, might be so abhorrent to nature that its creation would ripple <br>
backward through time and stop the collider before it could make one, like <br>
a time traveler who goes back in time to kill his grandfather.<br>
<br>
Holger Bech Nielsen, of the Niels Bohr Institute in Copenhagen, and Masao <br>
Ninomiya of the Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics in Kyoto, Japan, <br>
put this idea forward in a series of papers with titles like Test of <br>
Effect From Future in Large Hadron Collider: a Proposal and Search for <br>
Future Influence From LHC, posted on the physics Web site arXiv.org in the <br>
last year and a half.<br>
<br>
According to the so-called Standard Model that rules almost all physics, <br>
the Higgs is responsible for imbuing other elementary particles with mass.<br>
<br>
It must be our prediction that all Higgs producing machines shall have bad <br>
luck, Dr. Nielsen said in an e-mail message. In an unpublished essay, Dr. <br>
Nielson said of the theory, Well, one could even almost say that we have a <br>
model for God. It is their guess, he went on, that He rather hates Higgs <br>
particles, and attempts to avoid them.<br>
<br>
This malign influence from the future, they argue, could explain why the <br>
United States Superconducting Supercollider, also designed to find the <br>
Higgs, was canceled in 1993 after billions of dollars had already been <br>
spent, an event so unlikely that Dr. Nielsen calls it an anti-miracle.<br>
<br>
You might think that the appearance of this theory is further proof that <br>
people have had ample time perhaps too much time to think about what <br>
will come out of the collider, which has been 15 years and $9 billion in <br>
the making.<br>
<br>
The collider was built by CERN, the European Organization for Nuclear <br>
Research, to accelerate protons to energies of seven trillion electron <br>
volts around an 18-mile underground racetrack and then crash them together <br>
into primordial fireballs.<br>
<br>
For the record, as of the middle of September, CERN engineers hope to <br>
begin to collide protons at the so-called injection energy of 450 billion <br>
electron volts in December and then ramp up the energy until the protons <br>
have 3.5 trillion electron volts of energy apiece and then, after a short <br>
Christmas break, real physics can begin.<br>
<br>
Maybe.<br>
<br>
Dr. Nielsen and Dr. Ninomiya started laying out their case for doom in the <br>
spring of 2008. It was later that fall, of course, after the CERN collider <br>
was turned on, that a connection between two magnets vaporized, shutting <br>
down the collider for more than a year.<br>
<br>
Dr. Nielsen called that a funny thing that could make us to believe in the <br>
theory of ours.<br>
<br>
He agreed that skepticism would be in order. After all, most big science <br>
projects, including the Hubble Space Telescope, have gone through a period <br>
of seeming jinxed. At CERN, the beat goes on: Last weekend the French <br>
police arrested a particle physicist who works on one of the collider <br>
experiments, on suspicion of conspiracy with a North African wing of Al <br>
Qaeda.<br>
<br>
Dr. Nielsen and Dr. Ninomiya have proposed a kind of test: that CERN <br>
engage in a game of chance, a card-drawing exercise using perhaps a <br>
random-number generator, in order to discern bad luck from the future. If <br>
the outcome was sufficiently unlikely, say drawing the one spade in a deck <br>
with 100 million hearts, the machine would either not run at all, or only <br>
at low energies unlikely to find the Higgs.<br>
<br>
Sure, its crazy, and CERN should not and is not about to mortgage its <br>
investment to a coin toss. The theory was greeted on some blogs with <br>
comparisons to Harry Potter. But craziness has a fine history in a physics <br>
that talks routinely about cats being dead and alive at the same time and <br>
about anti-gravity puffing out the universe.<br>
<br>
As Niels Bohr, Dr. Nielsens late countryman and one of the founders of <br>
quantum theory, once told a colleague: We are all agreed that your theory <br>
is crazy. The question that divides us is whether it is crazy enough to <br>
have a chance of being correct.<br>
<br>
Dr. Nielsen is well-qualified in this tradition. He is known in physics as <br>
one of the founders of string theory and a deep and original thinker, one <br>
of those extremely smart people that is willing to chase crazy ideas <br>
pretty far, in the words of Sean Carroll, a Caltech physicist and author <br>
of a coming book about time, From Eternity to Here.<br>
<br>
(Page 2 of 2)<br>
<br>
Another of Dr. Nielsens projects is an effort to show how the universe as <br>
we know it, with all its apparent regularity, could arise from pure <br>
randomness, a subject he calls random dynamics.<br>
<br>
Dr. Nielsen admits that he and Dr. Ninomiyas new theory smacks of time <br>
travel, a longtime interest, which has become a respectable research <br>
subject in recent years. While it is a paradox to go back in time and kill <br>
your grandfather, physicists agree there is no paradox if you go back in <br>
time and save him from being hit by a bus. In the case of the Higgs and <br>
the collider, it is as if something is going back in time to keep the <br>
universe from being hit by a bus. Although just why the Higgs would be a <br>
catastrophe is not clear. If we knew, presumably, we wouldnt be trying to <br>
make one.<br>
<br>
We always assume that the past influences the future. But that is not <br>
necessarily true in the physics of Newton or Einstein. According to <br>
physicists, all you really need to know, mathematically, to describe what <br>
happens to an apple or the 100 billion galaxies of the universe over all <br>
time are the laws that describe how things change and a statement of where <br>
things start. The latter are the so-called boundary conditions the apple <br>
five feet over your head, or the Big Bang.<br>
<br>
The equations work just as well, Dr. Nielsen and others point out, if the <br>
boundary conditions specify a condition in the future (the apple on your <br>
head) instead of in the past, as long as the fundamental laws of physics <br>
are reversible, which most physicists believe they are.<br>
<br>
For those of us who believe in physics, Einstein once wrote to a friend, <br>
this separation between past, present and future is only an illusion.<br>
<br>
In Kurt Vonneguts novel Sirens of Titan, all of human history turns out to <br>
be reduced to delivering a piece of metal roughly the size and shape of a <br>
beer-can opener to an alien marooned on Saturns moon so he can repair his <br>
spaceship and go home.<br>
<br>
Whether the collider has such a noble or humble fate or any fate at all <br>
remains to be seen. As a Red Sox fan my entire adult life, I feel I know <br>
something about jinxes.<br>
<a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/13/scien">http://www.nytimes.<wbr>com/2009/<wbr>10/13/scien</a> ... .html?_r=1<br>
<br>
(<a href="http://inyourface.info/crypt/">http://inyourface.<wbr>info/crypt/</a> - MORE)<br>
<br>
[HR]<br>
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#ygrp-mlmsg {font-size:13px; font-family: arial,helvetica,clean,sans-serif;*font-size:small;*font:x-small;}
#ygrp-mlmsg table {font-size:inherit;font:100%;}
#ygrp-mlmsg select, input, textarea {font:99% arial,helvetica,clean,sans-serif;}
#ygrp-mlmsg pre, code {font:115% monospace;*font-size:100%;}
#ygrp-mlmsg * {line-height:1.22em;}
#ygrp-text{
font-family: Georgia;
}
#ygrp-text p{
margin: 0 0 1em 0;
}
dd.last p a {
font-family: Verdana;
font-weight: bold;
}
#ygrp-vitnav{
padding-top: 10px;
font-family: Verdana;
font-size: 77%;
margin: 0;
}
#ygrp-vitnav a{
padding: 0 1px;
}
#ygrp-mlmsg #logo{
padding-bottom: 10px;
}
#ygrp-reco {
margin-bottom: 20px;
padding: 0px;
}
#ygrp-reco #reco-head {
font-weight: bold;
color: #ff7900;
}
#reco-category{
font-size: 77%;
}
#reco-desc{
font-size: 77%;
}
#ygrp-vital a{
text-decoration: none;
}
#ygrp-vital a:hover{
text-decoration: underline;
}
#ygrp-sponsor #ov ul{
padding: 0 0 0 8px;
margin: 0;
}
#ygrp-sponsor #ov li{
list-style-type: square;
padding: 6px 0;
font-size: 77%;
}
#ygrp-sponsor #ov li a{
text-decoration: none;
font-size: 130%;
}
#ygrp-sponsor #nc{
background-color: #eee;
margin-bottom: 20px;
padding: 0 8px;
}
#ygrp-sponsor .ad{
padding: 8px 0;
}
#ygrp-sponsor .ad #hd1{
font-family: Arial;
font-weight: bold;
color: #628c2a;
font-size: 100%;
line-height: 122%;
}
#ygrp-sponsor .ad a{
text-decoration: none;
}
#ygrp-sponsor .ad a:hover{
text-decoration: underline;
}
#ygrp-sponsor .ad p{
margin: 0;
font-weight: normal;
color: #000000;
}
o{font-size: 0; }
.MsoNormal{
margin: 0 0 0 0;
}
#ygrp-text tt{
font-size: 120%;
}
blockquote{margin: 0 0 0 4px;}
.replbq{margin:4}
dd.last p span {
margin-right: 10px;
font-family: Verdana;
font-weight: bold;
}
dd.last p span.yshortcuts {
margin-right: 0;
}
div.photo-title a,
div.photo-title a:active,
div.photo-title a:hover,
div.photo-title a:visited {
text-decoration: none;
}
div.file-title a,
div.file-title a:active,
div.file-title a:hover,
div.file-title a:visited {
text-decoration: none;
}
#ygrp-msg p#attach-count {
clear: both;
padding: 15px 0 3px 0;
overflow: hidden;
}
#ygrp-msg p#attach-count span {
color: #1E66AE;
font-weight: bold;
}
div#ygrp-mlmsg #ygrp-msg p a span.yshortcuts {
font-family: Verdana;
font-size: 10px;
font-weight: normal;
}
#ygrp-msg p a {
font-family: Verdana;
}
#ygrp-mlmsg a {
color: #1E66AE;
}
div.attach-table div div a {
text-decoration: none;
}
div.attach-table {
width: 400px;
}
-->
</style>
</head>
<!--~-|**|PrettyHtmlEnd|**|-~-->
</html><!--End group email -->
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