[dinosaur] Bird sinuses + archosaur & lepidosaur teeth + amniote jaw + temnospondyl skull roof + more

Ben Creisler
[email protected]


New and recent non-dino papers:


Rui Tahara &  Hans C. E. Larsson (2019)
Development of the paratympanic pneumatic system of Japanese quail.
Journal of Morphology (advance online publication)
doi: https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__doi.org_10.1002_jmor.21045&d=DwIFaQ&c=clK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=Ry_mO4IFaUmGof_Yl9MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&m=FyvOgmL-f7hGvTrCXxGY-xJtLCVWqtasRhidbQtziso&s=5SRAb68BVPKEn11Iwe_XdbESs4ftGPDDfCeUwp0phgE&e= 
https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__onlinelibrary.wiley.com_doi_10.1002_jmor.21045&d=DwIFaQ&c=clK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=Ry_mO4IFaUmGof_Yl9MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&m=FyvOgmL-f7hGvTrCXxGY-xJtLCVWqtasRhidbQtziso&s=N5hT0_KzY80lL4u0weFsRjWWG2xcKOqx8H7l9QrFIBc&e= 


Avian heads are characterized as having two extensive air‐filled systems
lined with epithelia; the paranasal and paratympanic sinuses. Many
diverticula derived from the paratympanic sinus system are known to
reticulate with each other to form a single merged pneumatic space within
the adult braincase. However, the development of these complex branching
and reticulating epithelia has not been examined in detail. In this study,
we describe the comprehensive developmental pattern of the paratympanic
sinus and its associated soft tissues in a model bird, Japanese quail
(Coturnix japonica). The data are derived from three‐dimensional
reconstructions based on histological sections and soft tissue enhanced
micro‐CT data. Those data provide the foundation of the complex
hierarchical developmental pattern of the paratympanic sinus system.
Moreover, associations with other tissues help establish key morphologies
that identify each pneumatic entity. This study clarifies the developmental
relationships of the ventral portions of the paratympanic sinus system, the
siphoneal diverticulum and marginal sinus, based on the ligaments
associated with the Eustachian tube. In addition, detailed histological
pneumatic morphologies reveal hitherto unknown epithelial diversity, which
may be indicative of equally complex developmental processes. We use the
pneumatization of the quadrate as an example to support a close
relationship with vascular growth and pneumatic epithelia invasion into
ossified bone. We confirm pneumatic diverticula never enter into
cartilages, possibly due to the absence of vasculature in these tissues.
Lastly, we use the concept of a morphogenetic tree as a tool to help
present the complex developmental pattern of the paratympanic sinus system
and apply it toward inferring pneumatic morphologies in a nonavian theropod
braincase.


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Free pdf:

Jordan Bestwick, David M. Unwin & Mark A. Purnell (2019)
Dietary differences in archosaur and lepidosaur reptiles revealed by dental
microwear textural analysis.
Scientific Reports 9, Article number: 11691
DOI: https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__doi.org_10.1038_s41598-2D019-2D48154-2D9&d=DwIFaQ&c=clK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=Ry_mO4IFaUmGof_Yl9MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&m=FyvOgmL-f7hGvTrCXxGY-xJtLCVWqtasRhidbQtziso&s=-pmeWNqhrjfRS_zoZnIyW3PvK5_7mJn5wG8YdaNmy8A&e= 
https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__www.nature.com_articles_s41598-2D019-2D48154-2D9&d=DwIFaQ&c=clK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=Ry_mO4IFaUmGof_Yl9MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&m=FyvOgmL-f7hGvTrCXxGY-xJtLCVWqtasRhidbQtziso&s=K2S3Ty-p_dtcZZRdVUMtsr6u6b6OnRlrGgY0rY16oYk&e= 

Free pdf:
https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__www.nature.com_articles_s41598-2D019-2D48154-2D9.pdf&d=DwIFaQ&c=clK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=Ry_mO4IFaUmGof_Yl9MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&m=FyvOgmL-f7hGvTrCXxGY-xJtLCVWqtasRhidbQtziso&s=vGEc2fhDMS8rvxNhtdaTx3Zy_4LgG6KiHIwchBp0aVo&e= 


Reptiles are key components of modern ecosystems, yet for many species
detailed characterisations of their diets are lacking. Data currently used
in dietary reconstructions are limited either to the last few meals or to
proxy records of average diet over temporal scales of months to years,
providing only coarse indications of trophic level(s). Proxies that record
information over weeks to months would allow more accurate reconstructions
of reptile diets and better predictions of how ecosystems might respond to
global change drivers. Here, we apply dental microwear textural analysis
(DMTA) to dietary guilds encompassing both archosaurian and lepidosaurian
reptiles, demonstrating its value as a tool for characterising diets over
temporal scales of weeks to months. DMTA, involving analysis of the
three-dimensional, sub-micrometre scale textures created on tooth surfaces
by interactions with food, reveals that the teeth of reptiles with diets
dominated by invertebrates, particularly invertebrates with hard
exoskeletons (e.g. beetles and snails), exhibit rougher microwear textures
than reptiles with vertebrate-dominated diets. Teeth of fish-feeding
reptiles exhibit the smoothest textures of all guilds. These results
demonstrate the efficacy of DMTA as a dietary proxy in taxa from across the
phylogenetic range of extant reptiles. This method is applicable to extant
taxa (living or museum specimens) and extinct reptiles, providing new
insights into past, present and future ecosystems.

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Free pdf:

Katherine C. Woronowicz & Richard A. Schneider (2019)
Molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the evolution of form and
function in the amniote jaw.
EvoDevo 10, Article number: 17
doi: https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__doi.org_10.1186_s13227-2D019-2D0131-2D8&d=DwIFaQ&c=clK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=Ry_mO4IFaUmGof_Yl9MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&m=FyvOgmL-f7hGvTrCXxGY-xJtLCVWqtasRhidbQtziso&s=3U0zWe_iIjOL9ws4JRuFE3E8t6ydqoymKdanVlvDW8M&e= 
https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__evodevojournal.biomedcentral.com_articles_10.1186_s13227-2D019-2D0131-2D8&d=DwIFaQ&c=clK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=Ry_mO4IFaUmGof_Yl9MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&m=FyvOgmL-f7hGvTrCXxGY-xJtLCVWqtasRhidbQtziso&s=HbeEF89XxHHAAcT18LaZd3LRpJyUFNR3tRJoEXhiG_E&e= 

Free pdf:
https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__evodevojournal.biomedcentral.com_track_pdf_10.1186_s13227-2D019-2D0131-2D8&d=DwIFaQ&c=clK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=Ry_mO4IFaUmGof_Yl9MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&m=FyvOgmL-f7hGvTrCXxGY-xJtLCVWqtasRhidbQtziso&s=s17btPlqLoksOeG5TzsUS-WvqpCxhRT9SLZJNYMUyUk&e= 


The amniote jaw complex is a remarkable amalgamation of derivatives from
distinct embryonic cell lineages. During development, the cells in these
lineages experience concerted movements, migrations, and signaling
interactions that take them from their initial origins to their final
destinations and imbue their derivatives with aspects of form including
their axial orientation, anatomical identity, size, and shape.
Perturbations along the way can produce defects and disease, but also
generate the variation necessary for jaw evolution and adaptation. We focus
on molecular and cellular mechanisms that regulate form in the amniote jaw
complex, and that enable structural and functional integration. Special
emphasis is placed on the role of cranial neural crest mesenchyme (NCM)
during the species-specific patterning of bone, cartilage, tendon, muscle,
and other jaw tissues. We also address the effects of biomechanical forces
during jaw development and discuss ways in which certain molecular and
cellular responses add adaptive and evolutionary plasticity to jaw
morphology. Overall, we highlight how variation in molecular and cellular
programs can promote the phenomenal diversity and functional morphology
achieved during amniote jaw evolution or lead to the range of jaw defects
and disease that affect the human condition.

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Celeste M. Pérez-Ben, Ana M. Báez & Rainer R. Schoch (2019)
Morphological evolution of the skull roof in temnospondyl amphibians
mirrors conservative ontogenetic patterns.
Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society: zlz068
doi: https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__doi.org_10.1093_zoolinnean_zlz068&d=DwIFaQ&c=clK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=Ry_mO4IFaUmGof_Yl9MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&m=FyvOgmL-f7hGvTrCXxGY-xJtLCVWqtasRhidbQtziso&s=NoKKc1o2ycIGl7_aCJ26CgdqsaGfPOBP_chD9kiBzBg&e= 
https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__academic.oup.com_zoolinnean_advance-2Darticle-2Dabstract_doi_10.1093_zoolinnean_zlz068_5546051&d=DwIFaQ&c=clK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=Ry_mO4IFaUmGof_Yl9MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&m=FyvOgmL-f7hGvTrCXxGY-xJtLCVWqtasRhidbQtziso&s=3td9r00GVwGokbpu4wxy06flN3FQrpyU25hPoyKpwk0&e= 


Addressing the patterns of ontogenetic allometry is relevant to understand
morphological diversification because allometry might constrain evolution
to specific directions of change in shape but also facilitate phenotypic
differentiation along lines of least evolutionary resistance. Temnospondyl
amphibians are a suitable group to address these issues from a deep-time
perspective because different growth stages are known for numerous
Palaeozoic and Mesozoic species. Herein we examine the patterns of
ontogenetic allometry in the skull roof of 15 temnospondyl species and
their relationship with adult morphological evolution. Using geometric
morphometrics, we assessed ontogenetic and evolutionary allometries of this
cranial part and the distribution of adult shapes in the morphospace to
investigate whether these patterns relate to each other and/or to lifestyle
and phylogeny. We found conspicuous stereotyped ontogenetic changes of the
skull roof which are mirrored at the evolutionary level and consistency of
the adult shape with phylogeny rather than lifestyle. These results suggest
that the evolution of adult cranial shape was significantly biased by
development towards pathways patterned by ontogenetic change in shape. The
retrieved conserved patterns agree with a widespread evolutionary
craniofacial trend found in amniotes, suggesting that they might have
originated early in tetrapod evolutionary history or even earlier.

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Free pdf:

Anthony Graham,  Subathra Poopalasundaram,  Victoria Shone  & Clemens
Kiecker (2019)
A reappraisal and revision of the numbering of the pharyngeal arches.
Journal of Anatomy (advance online publication)
doi:  https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__doi.org_10.1111_joa.13067&d=DwIFaQ&c=clK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=Ry_mO4IFaUmGof_Yl9MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&m=FyvOgmL-f7hGvTrCXxGY-xJtLCVWqtasRhidbQtziso&s=9IFzjTZjjNTu3yYCxUjfA0wH-c-aoxw-BJ4aibS0Cmc&e= 
https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__onlinelibrary.wiley.com_doi_10.1111_joa.13067&d=DwIFaQ&c=clK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=Ry_mO4IFaUmGof_Yl9MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&m=FyvOgmL-f7hGvTrCXxGY-xJtLCVWqtasRhidbQtziso&s=0nvz3yE_TeAenQ1NBt1Z55PK55vGtUlsAUlBtP707uw&e= 

Free pdf:
https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__onlinelibrary.wiley.com_doi_pdf_10.1111_joa.13067&d=DwIFaQ&c=clK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=Ry_mO4IFaUmGof_Yl9MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&m=FyvOgmL-f7hGvTrCXxGY-xJtLCVWqtasRhidbQtziso&s=1bhH_l-kCBtTNHQsxr-Xzp4waMgph55RrTILKja7Vl4&e= 


The pharyngeal arches are a prominent and significant feature of vertebrate
embryos. These are visible as a series of bulges on the lateral surface of
the embryonic head. In humans, and other amniotes, there are five
pharyngeal arches numbered 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6; note the missing '5'. This is
the standard scheme for the numbering of these structures, and it is a
feature of modern anatomy textbooks. In this article, we discuss the
rationale behind this odd numbering, and consider its origins. One reason
given is that there is a transient 5th arch that is never fully realized,
while another is that this numbering reflects considerations from
comparative anatomy. We show here, however, that neither of these reasons
has substance. There is no evidence from embryology for a '5th arch, and
the comparative argument does not hold as it does not apply across the
vertebrates. We conclude that there is no justification for this strange
numbering. We suggest that the pharyngeal arches should simply be numbered
1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 as this would be in keeping with the embryology and with
the general numbering of the pharyngeal arches across the vertebrates.

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Also may be of interest:

Lophocion grangeri sp. nov.

Bin Ba, Yuan-Qing Wang & Jin Meng (2019)
A new late Paleocene phenacodontid 'condylarth' Lophocion from the Clark’s
Fork Basin of Wyoming.
Historical Biology (advance online publication)
doi: https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__doi.org_10.1080_08912963.2019.1652283&d=DwIFaQ&c=clK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=Ry_mO4IFaUmGof_Yl9MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&m=FyvOgmL-f7hGvTrCXxGY-xJtLCVWqtasRhidbQtziso&s=TbKq6TB_RhdrMtCMO1_wxFpIBHkcnL9HZLCZl_BCa4A&e= 
https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__www.tandfonline.com_doi_full_10.1080_08912963.2019.1652283&d=DwIFaQ&c=clK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=Ry_mO4IFaUmGof_Yl9MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&m=FyvOgmL-f7hGvTrCXxGY-xJtLCVWqtasRhidbQtziso&s=ZQReC4yzNbzwNziubymQKQyXWCRuy5PwsGwGnHq2XLE&e= 


Phenacodontidae are a group of archaic ungulates in the early Paleogene and
are considered to play an important role in the origin of some other
ungulates, including perissodactyls. The early Eocene Lophocion asiaticus,
the only unequivocal phenacodontid from Asia, is most closely related to
North American Ectocion and probably closer to perissodactyls than is the
latter, as evidenced by its more lophodont teeth. Here we named a new
species of Lophocion, L. grangeri sp. nov., from the latest Paleocene
(Clarkforkian 3) deposit in the Clark’s Fork Basin of Wyoming. Although the
holotype of the new species is only known by a right maxilla with P4-M2,
its degree of lophodonty is similar to that of Lophocion but diverges from
Ectocion in having the incipient protoloph and metaloph on upper molars. In
dental morphology, Lophocion grangeri is somewhat intermediate between
Ectocion and L. asiaticus, and probably gave rise to the latter during the
Paleocene-Eocene transition. Both Lophocion and Ectocion are included in
Phenacodontinae rather than Meniscotheriinae, but their phylogenetic
relationship with other ungulates still remains obscure.


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