[dinosaur] Early tetrapod bone repair (free pdf) + new modern crocodile species

Ben Creisler
[email protected]


Free pdf:

Eva C. Herbst, Michael Doube, Timothy R. Smithson, Jennifer A. Clack  and
John R. Hutchinson (2019)
Bony lesions in early tetrapods and the evolution of mineralized tissue
repair.
Paleobiology (advance online publication)
DOI: https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__doi.org_10.1017_pab.2019.31&d=DwIBaQ&c=clK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=Ry_mO4IFaUmGof_Yl9MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&m=YAdMwe3QlU_fjpp1sCLfy2Gish8ASkiZlvQoijSFy70&s=Rf4bSHPJD8YdQ0vUYRhq2s4rtcpl_gk84QxptHzY7qY&e= 
https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__www.cambridge.org_core_journals_paleobiology_article_bony-2Dlesions-2Din-2Dearly-2Dtetrapods-2Dand-2Dthe-2Devolution-2Dof-2Dmineralized-2Dtissue-2Drepair_67C897A5717953340CE5E829D6008184&d=DwIBaQ&c=clK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=Ry_mO4IFaUmGof_Yl9MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&m=YAdMwe3QlU_fjpp1sCLfy2Gish8ASkiZlvQoijSFy70&s=FwqGNKrGRvhIuyEnXLcUZQb9-FIjm1DM5q095Reb63o&e= 


Bone healing is an important survival mechanism, allowing vertebrates to
recover from injury and disease. Here we describe newly recognized
paleopathologies in the hindlimbs of the early tetrapods Crassigyrinus
scoticus and Eoherpeton watsoni from the early Carboniferous of
Cowdenbeath, Scotland. These pathologies are among the oldest known
instances of bone healing in tetrapod limb bones in the fossil record
(about 325 Ma). X-ray microtomographic imaging of the internal bone
structure of these lesions shows that they are characterized by a mass of
trabecular bone separated from the shaft's trabeculae by a layer of
cortical bone. We frame these paleopathologies in an evolutionary context,
including additional data on bone healing and its pathways across extinct
and extant sarcopterygians. These data allowed us to synthesize information
on cell-mediated repair of bone and other mineralized tissues in all
vertebrates, to reconstruct the evolutionary history of skeletal tissue
repair mechanisms. We conclude that bone healing is ancestral for
sarcopterygians. Furthermore, other mineralized tissues (aspidin and
dentine) were also capable of healing and remodeling early in vertebrate
evolution, suggesting that these repair mechanisms are synapomorphies of
vertebrate mineralized tissues. The evidence for remodeling and healing in
all of these tissues appears concurrently, so in addition to healing, these
early vertebrates had the capacity to restore structure and strength by
remodeling their skeletons. Healing appears to be an inherent property of
these mineralized tissues, and its linkage to their remodeling capacity has
previously been underappreciated.

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Not fossil, but may be of interest:

Crocodylus halli, new species

Christopher M. Murray, Peter Russo, Alexander Zorrilla, and Caleb D.
McMahan (2019)
Divergent Morphology among Populations of the New Guinea Crocodile,
Crocodylus novaeguineae (Schmidt, 1928): Diagnosis of an Independent
Lineage and Description of a New Species.
Copeia 107(3): 517-523
doi: https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__doi.org_10.1643_CG-2D19-2D240&d=DwIBaQ&c=clK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=Ry_mO4IFaUmGof_Yl9MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&m=YAdMwe3QlU_fjpp1sCLfy2Gish8ASkiZlvQoijSFy70&s=gcDBqeT6EFrQq88Iky0x3qVmZL2nF1BEXZfD2nUQAQA&e= 
https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__www.asihcopeiaonline.org_doi_abs_10.1643_CG-2D19-2D240&d=DwIBaQ&c=clK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=Ry_mO4IFaUmGof_Yl9MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&m=YAdMwe3QlU_fjpp1sCLfy2Gish8ASkiZlvQoijSFy70&s=GP2TCYO0cNBPipuB5zjnNHFfusqZN9dldXU4LLnheq4&e= 

The freshwater crocodile inhabiting Papua New Guinea, currently recognized
as Crocodylus novaeguineae, exhibits morphological, molecular, and
ecological divergence between the northern and southern versants of the
Central Highlands and occupies separate evolutionary trajectories. A robust
body of work has long encouraged the formal description of New Guinea
crocodiles from the southern versant of the highlands as a distinct lineage
with a taxonomy that reflects diagnosed relationships. Here, we use
geometric morphometric techniques to assess cranial shape variation between
specimens from both versants and add to the diagnostic evidence supporting
a more accurate taxonomy. Further, herein, we formally describe the
southern variant as a distinct lineage (Hall's New Guinea Crocodile;
Crocodylus halli, new species).

News:

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