[dinosaur] Hulkepholis rori, new species of goniopholidid crocodyliform from Cretaceous of Spain (free pdf)

Ben Creisler
[email protected]

A new paper with free pdf:

Hulkepholis rori sp. nov.


Ignacio Arribas, Angela D. Buscalioni, Rafael Royo Torres, Eduardo Espílez,
Luis Mampel, Luis Alcalá (2019)
A new goniopholidid crocodyliform, Hulkepholis rori sp. nov. from the
Camarillas Formation (early Barremian) in Galve, Spain).
PeerJ 7:e7911
doi: https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__doi.org_10.7717_peerj.7911&d=DwIFaQ&c=clK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=Ry_mO4IFaUmGof_Yl9MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&m=_Bi_Bja-i9bI0Qu5Wpvt3eyA1JyxpRJ_N7G3qUlpEos&s=0sV4vbGyBlYCZh0fpvVFhh05d_HiSpsZwPVHF3in_OY&e= 
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Background

The neosuchian crocodyliform genus Hulkepholis constitutes the longirostral
lineage of the European Goniopholididae. It comprises two species ranging
from the Valanginian of southern England to the lower Albian of the
northern Teruel (Spain). A new species of Hulkepholis is described based on
a partially complete skull from the lower Barremian Camarillas Formation.
We investigate its phylogenetic position and the palatal patterns among
members of Goniopholididae and the closely related Thalattosuchia and
Tethysuchia.

Methods

Phylogenetic relationships were investigated with two matrices using a
previously published dataset as the basis: the first differed only by the
addition of the new species, the second had newly discovered states for 11
characters, the new species plus several additional specimens of
Hulkepholis and Anteophthalmosuchus. Both matrices were processed using TNT
v. 1.1, in a heuristic analysis of maximum parsimony, with tree bisection
and reconnection 1,000 random addition replicates and saving the 10 most
parsimonious trees per replicate, and up to 10 suboptimal trees to
calculate Bremer supports. The skull geometry of nine species from
Thalattosuchia, Tethysuchia and Goniopholididae was explored to test shape
variation between the rostral and postrostral modules, and to visualize the
differences on the secondary palate. A set of 18 landmarks was used to
delimit significant anatomical features, and the skulls were isotropically
scaled using Adobe Illustrator, with the longest skull (Sarcosuchus
imperator) as the baseline for comparison.

Results

The European lineages of goniopholidids are two clades (Nannosuchus +
Goniopholis) plus (Hulkepholis + Anteophthalmosuchus). The new species,
Hulkepholis rori sp. nov, shares with the latter clade the following
apormorphies: a long anterolateral postorbital process, postorbital process
almost reaching the anterior jugal ramus, and basioccipital tubera with
lateral edges turned posteriorly. Anteophthalmosuchus was found to be
monophyletic, and Hulkepholis paraphyletic due to the poor preservation of
H. willetti. Hulkepholis rori is distinguished by having vascular fossae
and a mid-protuberance on the ventral surface of the basioccipital, and
wide internal fossae in the quadrate. Among Goniopholididae differences on
the secondary palate are the presence of a palatal cleft, the narrowness of
the secondary choana, and a wide foramen of the median pharyngeal tube.

Conclusions

The new species is the earliest Hulkepholis from the Iberian Peninsula. New
characters have been recognized in the organization of the palate and in
the occipital region raising unexpected questions on the evolution of
Goniopholididae. The set of palatal characters is discussed as part of a
singular palatogenesis in Goniopholididae. The protruding occipital areas
suggest that the longirostral Hulkepholis would have had an aquatic
lifestyle with particular neck and skull movements.



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