[dinosaur] Herbivorous dinosaur cranial musculature

Ben Creisler
[email protected]

A new paper:

Ali Nabavizadeh (2019)
Cranial Musculature in Herbivorous Dinosaurs: A Survey of Reconstructed
Anatomical Diversity and Feeding Mechanisms.
The Anatomical Record (advance online publication)
doi:  https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__doi.org_10.1002_ar.24283&d=DwIFaQ&c=clK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=Ry_mO4IFaUmGof_Yl9MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&m=GXNPdPCyDn4_k8rc2BHvva1o_gewOW_N2PvhgKR-xoc&s=Y-dILXQH6-nGRGvd6rAlO2vGt11SAD_UNEvxVkLHC8c&e= 
https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com_doi_10.1002_ar.24283&d=DwIFaQ&c=clK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=Ry_mO4IFaUmGof_Yl9MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&m=GXNPdPCyDn4_k8rc2BHvva1o_gewOW_N2PvhgKR-xoc&s=jWA7jVuFFPMXIxAQd8q2hOrzmxL8JiRbQ7OAd5QsAIU&e= 



Herbivorous dinosaurs exhibited diverse cranial feeding mechanisms.
Although osteological, microwear, and biomechanical research has revealed
some of this diversity, the evolutionary reorientation of cranial
musculature throughout nonavian herbivorous Dinosauria and its influence on
feeding mechanisms requires more study. Here, cranial muscle
reconstructions in herbivorous dinosaurs are reviewed and informative
anatomical characters are compared across 142 dinosaur genera (84
ornithischians, 36 sauropodomorphs, and 22 herbivorous nonavian theropods),
both through examination of specimens and literature. Traits include those
relating to the temporal region, adductor chamber, palate, and mandibular
attachments, such as the coronoid elevation and retroarticular process.
Findings reveal many combinations of anatomical traits influencing a
diversity of feeding mechanisms. Some primarily more orthal feeders,
including herbivorous theropods, nonsauropod sauropodomorphs, basal
ornithischians, and derived stegosaurs (which also show varying degrees of
coinciding slight palinal motion and long‐axis hemimandibular rotation),
possess traits indicative of more prominent temporal musculature and
moderately sized palatal musculature. However, orthal feeding sauropods and
pachycephalosaurs possess traits indicative of greatly reduced, low‐angled
temporal musculature, and enhanced palatal musculature producing a
primarily vertical, orthal feeding vector. Among ankylosaurs, hadrosaurids,
and neoceratopsians, a rostrolabial temporal muscle expansion is present
(with a tall coronoid elevation in hadrosaurids and ceratopsids) for
greater temporal muscle support and mechanical advantage for complex
palinal feeding motions. This also aids in long‐axis hemimandibular
rotation against the predentary in hadrosaurs and ankylosaurs. This
diversity in cranial muscle architecture provides an informative spectrum
of numerous adaptations acquired given the evolution of various anatomical
constraints in the skull.




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