[dinosaur] Maniraptorans + new emu species + avian brain blood supply + multilevel bird society

Ben Creisler
[email protected]

Some additional recent mainly avian items:


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A new in-depth blog post on Raptormaniacs

About Maniraptorans

https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__albertonykus.blogspot.com_p_about.html&d=DwIFaQ&c=clK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=Ry_mO4IFaUmGof_Yl9MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&m=qPkWZORNp_r0DI37qA7N9xCfXkF68i8iAGjNIEZizno&s=amsPtJLsi7ZxTM4zmZKzHanoVycPp8Jkzu0bEaWIoGo&e= 

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A new bird paper:

Dromaius arleyekweke sp. nov.

Adam M. Yates & Trevor H. Worthy (2019)
A diminutive species of emu (Casuariidae: Dromaiinae) from the late Miocene
of the Northern Territory, Australia
Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology Article: e1665057
doi:  https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__doi.org_10.1080_02724634.2019.1665057&d=DwIFaQ&c=clK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=Ry_mO4IFaUmGof_Yl9MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&m=qPkWZORNp_r0DI37qA7N9xCfXkF68i8iAGjNIEZizno&s=I0KbRetOMltvyudjqyr77_BmKb2b5AaHvUdZBjvk41g&e= 
https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__www.tandfonline.com_doi_full_10.1080_02724634.2019.1665057&d=DwIFaQ&c=clK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=Ry_mO4IFaUmGof_Yl9MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&m=qPkWZORNp_r0DI37qA7N9xCfXkF68i8iAGjNIEZizno&s=RQAHVJArj0YdR_ojFvLo6kJXMGac_QvXlGLZkakjluA&e= 


A new, diminutive species of dromaiine casuariid, Dromaius arleyekweke, is
described from dispersed skeletal elements from the late Miocene Waite
Formation of the Northern Territory, Australia. Remains of D. arleyekweke,
sp. nov., have been found from the Ongeva Local Fauna in the Alcoota
Scientific Reserve, but most remains come from the stratigraphically lower
Alcoota Local Fauna where they form part of a densely fossiliferous series
of mingled bone beds. Previously, remains of the new species had been
referred to the basal dromaiine genus, Emuarius, but phylogenetic appraisal
of new specimens indicates that the species shared a more recent common
ancestor with the extant Dromaius novaehollandiae than it did with the type
species of Emuarius, E. gidju. Consequently, the new species is placed in
the genus Dromaius as its oldest known member. Derived characters of D.
arleyekweke that are shared with D. novaehollandiae to the exclusion of E.
gidju include a distally flattened external condyle of the distal end of
the tibiotarsus and a more elongate tarsometatarsus, with marked transverse
compression of the midshaft and a weakly impressed median sulcus on
trochlea metatarsi II. Casuariid evolution shows a trend of increasingly
cursorial hind limb proportions on the emu lineage, but D. arleyekweke has
a tarsometatarsus that is more elongate than that of D. novaehollandiae.
This implies nonlinear evolution of cursoriality in dromaiines and that D.
arleyekweke evolved extreme cursorial proportions independently of D.
novaehollandiae, or that a high degree of cursoriality evolved early in
Dromaius and was reversed in the Pliocene D. ocypus.

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Eamon Yu,  Ken W. S. Ashwell  &  Boaz Shulruf (2019)
Quantitative Analysis Of Arterial Supply To The Developing Brain In
Tetrapod Vertebrates.
The Anatomical Record (advance online publication)
doi: https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__doi.org_10.1002_ar.24317&d=DwIFaQ&c=clK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=Ry_mO4IFaUmGof_Yl9MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&m=qPkWZORNp_r0DI37qA7N9xCfXkF68i8iAGjNIEZizno&s=zZsraSrT0wfjOR1io7r7rdnQ1V_OorZhrIb5CYzfYOU&e= 
https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com_doi_10.1002_ar.24317&d=DwIFaQ&c=clK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=Ry_mO4IFaUmGof_Yl9MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&m=qPkWZORNp_r0DI37qA7N9xCfXkF68i8iAGjNIEZizno&s=1erG93AW079EXBhsV6jxjqjFnNzzKmhM44bfJt2lKbI&e= 

Understanding the metabolic cost of building developing tetrapod brains is
critically important to explaining the more than ten‐fold differences in
encephalization of adult tetrapods that have emerged during evolution. The
exact metabolic costs of developing the variety of tetrapod brains are
impossible to determine, but one can compare cerebral artery caliber
(internal radius raised to the fourth power ‐ r4) across developing
tetrapod vertebrate groups as a proxy of cerebral arterial flow, the
delivery of nutrients during embryogenesis and early postnatal development,
and hence the metabolic costs of brain development. In this study, r4 of
aortic outflow and cerebral inflow arteries, as well as aortic wall
thickness as a proxy of arterial pressure, were measured and compared
between developing representatives of all four tetrapod classes (mammals,
birds, reptiles and amphibians). We found a clear endotherm/ectotherm
dichotomy in aortic outflow and cerebral inflow between developing mammals
and birds on the one hand, and developing reptiles and amphibians on the
other. We did not find strong evidence for functionally significant
differences in cerebral arterial caliber between groups at the order level
(i.e. within birds, reptiles or amphibians). In particular, we did not find
evidence in favor of increased blood supply to the brain for more
behaviorally complex and encephalized avian species.

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Danai Papageorgiou, Charlotte Christensen, Gabriella E.C. Gall, James A.
Klarevas-Irby, Brendah Nyaguthii, Iain D. Couzin & Damien R. Farine (2019)
The multilevel society of a small-brained bird.
Current Biology 29(21): PR1120-R1121
DOI:https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__doi.org_10.1016_j.cub.2019.09.072&d=DwIFaQ&c=clK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=Ry_mO4IFaUmGof_Yl9MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&m=qPkWZORNp_r0DI37qA7N9xCfXkF68i8iAGjNIEZizno&s=2-ujnrs82IzgBb4S5OZ-NqEEZZIQd5_N1mlm_Rstwjo&e= 
https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__www.cell.com_current-2Dbiology_fulltext_S0960-2D9822-2819-2931263-2D1&d=DwIFaQ&c=clK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=Ry_mO4IFaUmGof_Yl9MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&m=qPkWZORNp_r0DI37qA7N9xCfXkF68i8iAGjNIEZizno&s=KRLMV5qLBuFFKgnmoxTcQzfw6aA-jLstaxy4ch0sTKw&e= 
PlumX Metrics


Animal societies can be organised in multiple hierarchical tiers]. Such
multilevel societies, where stable groups move together through the
landscape, overlapping and associating preferentially with specific other
groups, are thought to represent one of the most complex forms of social
structure in vertebrates. For example, hamadryas baboons ( Papio hamadryas)
live in units consisting of one male and one or several females, or of
several solitary males, that group into clans. These clans then come
together with solitary bachelor males to form larger bands. This social
structure means that individuals have to track many different types of
relationships at the same time. Here, we provide detailed quantitative
evidence for the presence of a multilevel society in a small-brained bird,
the vulturine guineafowl (Acryllium vulturinum). We demonstrate that this
species lives in large, multi-male, multi-female groups that associate
preferentially with specific other groups, both during the day and at
night-time communal roosts.

News:

https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__www.mpg.de_14071193_multilevel-2Dsociety-2Dbirds&d=DwIFaQ&c=clK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=Ry_mO4IFaUmGof_Yl9MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&m=qPkWZORNp_r0DI37qA7N9xCfXkF68i8iAGjNIEZizno&s=kN3ZpwU8RiJeWi1bCcVxkkKRjXzVaFpxEf1AC5CcJfY&e= 

https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__phys.org_news_2019-2D11-2Dcomplex-2Dsociety-2Dvulturine-2Dguineafowl.html&d=DwIFaQ&c=clK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=Ry_mO4IFaUmGof_Yl9MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&m=qPkWZORNp_r0DI37qA7N9xCfXkF68i8iAGjNIEZizno&s=sEkJykKgNJaUR6drcZEpMIqShk7ICovqNwh3u_4qdF4&e= 

https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__www.mpg.de_14071193_multilevel-2Dsociety-2Dbirds&d=DwIFaQ&c=clK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=Ry_mO4IFaUmGof_Yl9MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&m=qPkWZORNp_r0DI37qA7N9xCfXkF68i8iAGjNIEZizno&s=kN3ZpwU8RiJeWi1bCcVxkkKRjXzVaFpxEf1AC5CcJfY&e= 



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