[dinosaur] Torvosaurus from Late Jurassic of Uruguay and Tanzania

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Ben [email protected]=0A=0AA new paper:=0A=0AMat=C3=ADas Soto,=
 Pablo Tori=C3=B1o & Daniel Perea (2019)=0AA large sized megalosaurid (Ther=
opoda, Tetanurae) from the late Jurassic of=0AUruguay and Tanzania.=0AJourn=
al of South American Earth Sciences 102458 (advance online publication)=0Ad=
oi: https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=3Dhttps-3A__doi.org_10.1016_=
j.jsames.2019.102458&d=3DDwIFaQ&c=3DclK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfn=
c_gI&r=3DRy_mO4IFaUmGof_Yl9MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&m=3DAyhCuzGkQ-kKoDZsJg=
vXpnS1G4dys1yL6L5YYw6m7yQ&s=3DQ_B0jJJKjaWhhzP-pVypr-McaMoKQkIvTMwKfctfn2Y&e=
=3D=20=0Ahttps://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=3Dhttps-3A__www.science=
direct.com_science_article_abs_pii_S089598111930505X&d=3DDwIFaQ&c=3DclK7kQU=
TWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=3DRy_mO4IFaUmGof_Yl9MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1=
CYJgFW9SI&m=3DAyhCuzGkQ-kKoDZsJgvXpnS1G4dys1yL6L5YYw6m7yQ&s=3DEEgUFqpeq0p8D=
FmPyP7hN1wFgshZ-UUWE2vUqGE5VV8&e=3D=20=0A=0AHighlights=0A=0AWe describe a l=
arge theropod from Uruguay represented by isolated teeth.=0ADetailed morpho=
logical analysis strongly resembles the megalosaurine=0ATorvosaurus.=0AMult=
ivariate and phylogenetic analyses support this referral.=0AWe propose that=
 the enigmatic =E2=80=98Megalosaurus=E2=80=99 ingens from Tanzania should=
=0Aalso be referred to Torvosaurus.=0A=0AAbstract=0A=0AWe report the first =
Jurassic remains that can confidently be referred to a=0Amegalosaurine ther=
opod in Uruguay and Tanzania. This identification is=0Asustained on a detai=
led morphological study. The large size of both teeth=0A(>70=E2=80=AFmm in =
lateral teeth) and denticles (<7 denticles per 5=E2=80=AFmm), the=0Aclearly=
 visible braided enamel texture, the centrally placed and apically=0Arestri=
cted mesial carina in mesial teeth, and general shape of the teeth=0Astrong=
ly resembles Torvosaurus. This is coherent with multivariate analyses=0Aof =
two datasets of large theropod teeth measurements, and also with the=0Aresu=
lts of a phylogenetic analysis of theropod teeth. The presence of=0ATorvosa=
urus in the Tacuaremb=C3=B3 Formation of Uruguay further strengthens the=0A=
Late Jurassic age proposed for the fossiliferous horizon. The Uruguayan=0Am=
egalosaurid would represent the apex predator in the vertebrate=0Aassemblag=
e. The occurrence of megalosaurids in the Late Jurassic of Uruguay=0A(the f=
irst unquestionable megalosaurid from South America) and Tanzania=0Aalso gr=
eatly expands the geographical range of the family.=0A=

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<div dir=3D"ltr"><br><div>Ben Creisler</div><div><a href=3D"mailto:bcreisle=
[email protected]">[email protected]</a></div><div><br></div><div>A new paper:<=
/div><div><br></div><div>Mat=C3=ADas Soto, Pablo Tori=C3=B1o &amp; Daniel P=
erea (2019)<br>A large sized megalosaurid (Theropoda, Tetanurae) from the l=
ate Jurassic of Uruguay and Tanzania.<br>Journal of South American Earth Sc=
iences 102458 (advance online publication)<br>doi: <a href=3D"https://urlde=
fense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=3Dhttps-3A__doi.org_10.1016_j.jsames.2019.102=
458&amp;d=3DDwMFaQ&amp;c=3DclK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&amp;=
r=3DRy_mO4IFaUmGof_Yl9MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&amp;m=3DAyhCuzGkQ-kKoDZsJgv=
XpnS1G4dys1yL6L5YYw6m7yQ&amp;s=3DQ_B0jJJKjaWhhzP-pVypr-McaMoKQkIvTMwKfctfn2=
Y&amp;e=3D">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsames.2019.102458</a> <br><a href=3D=
"https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=3Dhttps-3A__www.sciencedirect.c=
om_science_article_abs_pii_S089598111930505X&amp;d=3DDwMFaQ&amp;c=3DclK7kQU=
TWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&amp;r=3DRy_mO4IFaUmGof_Yl9MyZgecRCKHn5=
g4z1CYJgFW9SI&amp;m=3DAyhCuzGkQ-kKoDZsJgvXpnS1G4dys1yL6L5YYw6m7yQ&amp;s=3DE=
EgUFqpeq0p8DFmPyP7hN1wFgshZ-UUWE2vUqGE5VV8&amp;e=3D">https://www.sciencedir=
ect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S089598111930505X</a><br><br>Highlights</di=
v><div><br>We describe a large theropod from Uruguay represented by isolate=
d teeth.<br>Detailed morphological analysis strongly resembles the megalosa=
urine Torvosaurus.<br>Multivariate and phylogenetic analyses support this r=
eferral.<br>We propose that the enigmatic =E2=80=98Megalosaurus=E2=80=99 in=
gens from Tanzania should also be referred to Torvosaurus.</div><div><br>Ab=
stract</div><div><br>We report the first Jurassic remains that can confiden=
tly be referred to a megalosaurine theropod in Uruguay and Tanzania. This i=
dentification is sustained on a detailed morphological study. The large siz=
e of both teeth (&gt;70=E2=80=AFmm in lateral teeth) and denticles (&lt;7 d=
enticles per 5=E2=80=AFmm), the clearly visible braided enamel texture, the=
 centrally placed and apically restricted mesial carina in mesial teeth, an=
d general shape of the teeth strongly resembles Torvosaurus. This is cohere=
nt with multivariate analyses of two datasets of large theropod teeth measu=
rements, and also with the results of a phylogenetic analysis of theropod t=
eeth. The presence of Torvosaurus in the Tacuaremb=C3=B3 Formation of Urugu=
ay further strengthens the Late Jurassic age proposed for the fossiliferous=
 horizon. The Uruguayan megalosaurid would represent the apex predator in t=
he vertebrate assemblage. The occurrence of megalosaurids in the Late Juras=
sic of Uruguay (the first unquestionable megalosaurid from South America) a=
nd Tanzania also greatly expands the geographical range of the family.<br><=
br></div></div>=0A=

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