[dinosaur] Early Paleocene condylarths from Bolivia + Asmodochelys, new Cretaceous marine turtle + more
Ben Creisler <[email protected]> Thu, 19 Dec 2019 15:41:02 -0800
| Newsgroups | gmane.science.dinosaurs.general |
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--000000000000edc7b7059a171862 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="UTF-8" Content-Transfer-Encoding: Quoted-printable Ben [email protected]=0A=0ARecent non-dino papers:=0A=0AFree p= df:=0A=0A=0AChristian de MUIZON, Guillaume BILLET & Sandrine LADEV=C3=88ZE = (2019)=0ANew remains of kollpaniine "condylarths" (Panameriungulata) from t= he early=0APalaeocene of Bolivia shed light on hypocone origins and molar p= roportions=0Aamong ungulate-like placentals.=0AGEODIVERSITAS 41(25): 841-87= 4=0Adoi: https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=3Dhttps-3A__doi.org_10.= 5252_geodiversitas2019v41a25&d=3DDwIFaQ&c=3DclK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0= H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=3DRy_mO4IFaUmGof_Yl9MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&m=3DtuwKU_imzk= cVoWtrRv3Hzxj2Z1u56KA5zd06Xe0C5Do&s=3DhzhwbLzDGgoXUQImErbQH8eguHHGsH89JGKfu= VIm0qU&e=3D .=0Ahttps://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=3Dhttp-3A__geodi= versitas.com_41_25&d=3DDwIFaQ&c=3DclK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_= gI&r=3DRy_mO4IFaUmGof_Yl9MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&m=3DtuwKU_imzkcVoWtrRv3H= zxj2Z1u56KA5zd06Xe0C5Do&s=3DLUYyqVQTOpxy3H-dkUpgAEJZ1kwZdFjhEGd_x8zGp94&e= =3D=20=0Ahttps://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=3Dhttp-3A__sciencepress= .mnhn.fr_en_periodiques_geodiversitas_41_25&d=3DDwIFaQ&c=3DclK7kQUTWtAVEOVI= gvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=3DRy_mO4IFaUmGof_Yl9MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI= &m=3DtuwKU_imzkcVoWtrRv3Hzxj2Z1u56KA5zd06Xe0C5Do&s=3DTh2mq86hVem1uLDKGAnXdl= kEWr_E2-54t8diQGxag5Q&e=3D=20=0A=0AFree pdf:=0Ahttps://urldefense.proofpoin= t.com/v2/url?u=3Dhttp-3A__sciencepress.mnhn.fr_sites_default_files_articles= _pdf_g2019v41a25.pdf&d=3DDwIFaQ&c=3DclK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfn= c_gI&r=3DRy_mO4IFaUmGof_Yl9MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&m=3DtuwKU_imzkcVoWtrRv= 3Hzxj2Z1u56KA5zd06Xe0C5Do&s=3D3YpYUQVPlX_dAQifiE1qI9flj05akm_B49V1UxxDRtc&e= =3D=20=0A=0AThe description of new specimens of kollpaniines =E2=80=9Ccondy= larths=E2=80=9D from=0ATiupampa (early Palaeocene of Bolivia) represents a = significant addition to=0Athe knowledge of the earliest fauna of South Amer= ican ungulates. Several=0Apartial mandibles and maxillae of Molinodus suare= zi and Simoclaenus=0Asylvaticus are described. The morphology of the lower = premolars of=0AMolinodus, being associated to lower molars, is established = and a previous=0Areferral of an isolated p4 is rejected. A maxilla of Simoc= laenus reveals=0Athe morphology of the so far unknown P1-4 of this taxon an= d allows a=0Adiscussion on the development of the protocone in Palaeocene = =E2=80=9Ccondylarths=E2=80=9D.=0AThe subvertical maxilla-premaxilla suture = and the vertical implantation of=0Athe P1/p1 confirm the shortness of the s= nout of Simoclaenus, whereas the=0Aprocumbency of the p1 of Molinodus indic= ates a longer rostrum. The upper=0Amolars of Molinodus confirm the presence= of a tendency to duplication of=0Athe protocone, which is regarded as the = incipient development of a=0Apseudohypocone. The various patterns of format= ion of a hypocone (or=0Apseudohypocone) are considered and, among other Sou= th American Native=0AUngulates, a protocone-derived pseudohypocone (i.e. Mo= linodus-like) is=0Ahypothesized in Lamegoia, Raulvaccia, and notoungulates,= whereas a=0Apostcingulum-derived, hypocone is present in didolodontids and= litopterns.=0A=0A=0A=0A=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=0A=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=0A=0AFree p= df:=0A=0ANicholas R. Friedman, Eliot T. Miller, Jason R. Ball, Haruka Kasug= a,=0AVladim=C3=ADr Reme=C5=A1 and Evan P. Economo (2019)=0AEvolution of a m= ultifunctional trait: shared effects of foraging ecology=0Aand thermoregula= tion on beak morphology, with consequences for song=0Aevolution.=0AProceedi= ngs of the Royal Society B 286: 20192474.=0Adoi: https://urldefense.proofpo= int.com/v2/url?u=3Dhttps-3A__doi.org_10.1098_rspb.2019.2474&d=3DDwIFaQ&c=3D= clK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=3DRy_mO4IFaUmGof_Yl9MyZgecRCK= Hn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&m=3DtuwKU_imzkcVoWtrRv3Hzxj2Z1u56KA5zd06Xe0C5Do&s=3D6XcIvS= LHf6l2tk_NC6QKxK64Xm3rsJuhx8iUnVWBvYU&e=3D=20=0Ahttps://urldefense.proofpoi= nt.com/v2/url?u=3Dhttps-3A__royalsocietypublishing.org_doi_full_10.1098_rsp= b.2019.2474&d=3DDwIFaQ&c=3DclK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=3D= Ry_mO4IFaUmGof_Yl9MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&m=3DtuwKU_imzkcVoWtrRv3Hzxj2Z1u= 56KA5zd06Xe0C5Do&s=3DmKhFkfVX_v7a4l4_ExXKqKCOJAB-vR_EwYFyyLgf9i4&e=3D=20=0A= =0AFree pdf:=0Ahttps://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=3Dhttps-3A__royal= societypublishing.org_doi_pdf_10.1098_rspb.2019.2474&d=3DDwIFaQ&c=3DclK7kQU= TWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=3DRy_mO4IFaUmGof_Yl9MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1= CYJgFW9SI&m=3DtuwKU_imzkcVoWtrRv3Hzxj2Z1u56KA5zd06Xe0C5Do&s=3DtYnJMG3EIsCV9= y-IMbJJi319iIahx9iNuERvnZWdvi8&e=3D=20=0A=0AWhile morphological traits are = often associated with multiple functions, it=0Aremains unclear how evolutio= n balances the selective effects of different=0Afunctions. Birds' beaks fun= ction not only in foraging but also in=0Athermoregulating and singing, amon= g other behaviours. Studies of beak=0Aevolution abound, however, most focus= on a single function. Hence, we=0Aquantified relative contributions of dif= ferent functions over an=0Aevolutionary timescale. We measured beak shape u= sing geometric=0Amorphometrics and compared this trait with foraging behavi= our, climatic=0Avariables and song characteristics in a phylogenetic compar= ative study of=0Aan Australasian radiation of songbirds (Meliphagidae). We = found that both=0Aclimate and foraging behaviour were significantly correla= ted with the beak=0Ashape and size. However, foraging ecology had a greater= effect on shape,=0Aand climate had a nearly equal effect on size. We also = found that=0Aevolutionary changes in beak morphology had significant conseq= uences for=0Avocal performance: species with elongate-shaped beaks sang at = higher=0Afrequencies, while species with large beaks sang at a slower pace.= The=0Aevolution of the avian beak exemplifies how morphological traits can= be an=0Aevolutionary compromise among functions, and suggests that special= ization=0Aalong any functional axis may increase ecological divergence or= =0Areproductive isolation along others.=0A=0A=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D= =3D=3D=0AFree pdf:=0A=0ANicholas M. A. Crouch and Roberta Mason-Gamer (2019= )=0AMass estimation of extinct taxa and phylogenetic hypotheses both influe= nce=0Aanalyses of character evolution in a large clade of birds (Telluraves= ).=0AProceedings of the Royal Society B 286: 20191745=0Adoi: https://urldef= ense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=3Dhttps-3A__doi.org_10.1098_rspb.2019.1745&d= =3DDwIFaQ&c=3DclK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=3DRy_mO4IFaUmGo= f_Yl9MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&m=3DtuwKU_imzkcVoWtrRv3Hzxj2Z1u56KA5zd06Xe0C= 5Do&s=3D-6ccg4mxlp203FKMAtxJ7ClqiIT-T6WFWiFEb8_OCK0&e=3D=20=0Ahttps://urlde= fense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=3Dhttps-3A__royalsocietypublishing.org_doi_pd= f_10.1098_rspb.2019.1745&d=3DDwIFaQ&c=3DclK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7= CSfnc_gI&r=3DRy_mO4IFaUmGof_Yl9MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&m=3DtuwKU_imzkcVoW= trRv3Hzxj2Z1u56KA5zd06Xe0C5Do&s=3DfczKnH8MXTr4-dZpp5XBjMewbxcydbXrRpkYxAobs= Y8&e=3D=20=0A=0AFree pdf:=0Ahttps://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=3Dht= tps-3A__royalsocietypublishing.org_doi_pdf_10.1098_rspb.2019.1745&d=3DDwIFa= Q&c=3DclK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=3DRy_mO4IFaUmGof_Yl9MyZ= gecRCKHn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&m=3DtuwKU_imzkcVoWtrRv3Hzxj2Z1u56KA5zd06Xe0C5Do&s=3D= fczKnH8MXTr4-dZpp5XBjMewbxcydbXrRpkYxAobsY8&e=3D=20=0A=0AIncorporating exti= nct taxa in phylogenetic comparative methods is rapidly=0Abecoming invaluab= le in studies of character evolution. An increasing number=0Aof studies hav= e evaluated the effects of extinct taxa, and different=0Anumbers of extinct= taxa, on model selection and parameter estimation. Body=0Amass is a well-s= tudied phenotype, but individual mass estimates may vary=0Adramatically dep= ending on the particular measurement used. Here, we perform=0Aan analysis o= f body mass evolution in a large clade of principally arboreal=0Abirds, inc= orporating 76 extinct species. We evaluate how different methods=0Afor esti= mating body mass of extinct taxa, and different phylogenetic=0Ahypotheses, = affect our understanding of the rate and pattern of body mass=0Aevolution. = Our results show that model selection can vary dramatically=0Adepending on = the phenotypic and phylogenetic hypothesis used in the=0Areconstruction. Ev= en small changes in phenotype estimates can lead to=0Adifferent model selec= tion and, as a result, affect the inferred=0Aevolutionary history. The best= -fit models support an increase in the rate=0Aof evolution following the K= =E2=80=93Pg boundary, with variation accumulating=0Alinearly through the Ce= nozoic. These results provide additional insight=0Ainto the application of = comparative models of evolution, as well as the=0Aevolutionary history of o= ne of the most spectacular vertebrate radiations.=0A=0A=3D=3D=3D=3D=0A=0AGe= rald Mayr (2020)=0AComparative morphology of the avian maxillary bone (os m= axillare) based on=0Aan examination of macerated juvenile skeletons.=0AActa= Zoologica 101 (1): 24-38=0Adoi: https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?= u=3Dhttps-3A__doi.org_10.1111_azo.12268&d=3DDwIFaQ&c=3DclK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0= NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=3DRy_mO4IFaUmGof_Yl9MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&m= =3DtuwKU_imzkcVoWtrRv3Hzxj2Z1u56KA5zd06Xe0C5Do&s=3DxrZZa8jyUNVmTcFY8cL8RyEC= RebmYwb4E93s8BGBcBA&e=3D=20=0Ahttps://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=3D= https-3A__onlinelibrary.wiley.com_doi_abs_10.1111_azo.12268&d=3DDwIFaQ&c=3D= clK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=3DRy_mO4IFaUmGof_Yl9MyZgecRCK= Hn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&m=3DtuwKU_imzkcVoWtrRv3Hzxj2Z1u56KA5zd06Xe0C5Do&s=3Dq-TpEs= 3avZg-4o27GU1xqAP-pCnwRjqlyBlB4UwQD3s&e=3D=20=0A=0A=0AFor the first time, i= solated maxillary bones of juvenile neornithine birds=0Aare examined and co= mpared. Contrary to the anatomical terminology currently=0Aemployed, the av= ian maxillare exhibits five rather than four processes. In=0Aaddition to th= e praemaxillary, jugal, nasal, and maxillopalatine processes,=0Aall palaeog= nathous and many neognathous birds also have a palatine process.=0AThe occu= rrence of these processes is, however, variable across different=0Aclades a= nd only few taxa exhibit a pentaradiate maxillare with all five=0Aprocesses= . Within Neognathae, a great morphological variability exists in=0Athe shap= e of the maxillopalatine process, which is more easily studied in=0Ajuvenil= e individuals, in which the bones of the beak and palate are not=0Aco=E2=80= =90ossified. In some Neognathae, a caudally facing recess is situated in=0A= the junction of the maxillopalatine and jugal processes, which is likely to= =0Abe homologous to the pneumatic recess of palaeognathous birds. Several= =0Aderived morphologies of potential phylogenetic significance for the=0Ach= aracterization of neognathous clades are identified and major=0Amorphologic= al transformations in the lineage leading towards modern birds=0Aare highli= ghted.=0A=0A=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=0A=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=0A=0AFree pdf:=0A=0AAsmodoche= lys parhami gen. et sp. nov.=0A=0AAndrew D. Gentry, Jun A. Ebersole and Cai= tlin R. Kiernan (2019)=0AAsmodochelys parhami, a new fossil marine turtle f= rom the Campanian=0ADemopolis Chalk and the stratigraphic congruence of com= peting marine turtle=0Aphylogenies.=0ARoyal Society Open Science 6: 191950= =0Adoi: https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=3Dhttps-3A__doi.org_10.1= 098_rsos.191950&d=3DDwIFaQ&c=3DclK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&= r=3DRy_mO4IFaUmGof_Yl9MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&m=3DtuwKU_imzkcVoWtrRv3Hzxj= 2Z1u56KA5zd06Xe0C5Do&s=3D7YwCdLES5-E7nh73Q7qG8frosjn8-Ucw27_l0aEWzYQ&e=3D= =20=0Ahttps://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=3Dhttps-3A__royalsocietypu= blishing.org_doi_10.1098_rsos.191950&d=3DDwIFaQ&c=3DclK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5= BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=3DRy_mO4IFaUmGof_Yl9MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&m=3Dtu= wKU_imzkcVoWtrRv3Hzxj2Z1u56KA5zd06Xe0C5Do&s=3D584Og6Dzt1LUOOrf_F7fFgsKwhgQe= G-zCpJCTuaVs98&e=3D=20=0A=0AFree pdf:=0Ahttps://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v= 2/url?u=3Dhttps-3A__royalsocietypublishing.org_doi_pdf_10.1098_rsos.191950&= d=3DDwIFaQ&c=3DclK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=3DRy_mO4IFaUmG= of_Yl9MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&m=3DtuwKU_imzkcVoWtrRv3Hzxj2Z1u56KA5zd06Xe0= C5Do&s=3DAMLy_zrf0k-7nvzeEOxNxqHhiJX_kSoPTDMmCObL1KU&e=3D=20=0A=0A=0AResolv= ing the phylogeny of sea turtles is uniquely challenging given the=0Ahigh p= otential for the unification of convergent lineages due to systematic=0Ahom= oplasy. Equivocal reconstructions of marine turtle evolution=0Asubsequently= inhibit efforts to establish fossil calibrations for molecular=0Adivergenc= e estimates and prevent the accurate reconciliation of=0Abiogeographic or p= alaeoclimatic data with phylogenetic hypotheses. Here we=0Adescribe a new g= enus and species of marine turtle, Asmodochelys parhami,=0Afrom the Upper C= ampanian Demopolis Chalk of Alabama and Mississippi, USA=0Arepresented by t= hree partial shells. Phylogenetic analysis shows that A.=0Aparhami belongs = to the ctenochelyids, an extinct group that shares=0Acharacteristics with b= oth pan-chelonioids and pan-cheloniids. In addition=0Ato supporting Ctenoch= elyidae as a sister taxon of Chelonioidea, our=0Aanalysis places Protostegi= dae outside of the Chelonioidea crown group and=0Arecovers Allopleuron hofm= anni as a stem dermochelyid. Gap excess ratio=0A(GER) results indicate a st= rong stratigraphic congruence of our=0Aphylogenetic hypothesis; however, th= e highest GER value is associated with=0Athe phylogenetic hypothesis of mar= ine turtles which excludes Protostegidae=0Afrom the Cryptodira crown group.= Ancestral range estimations derived from=0Aour phylogeny imply a European = or North American origin of Chelonioidea in=0Athe middle-to-late Campanian,= approximately 20 Myr earlier than current=0Amolecular divergence studies s= uggest.=0A=0ANews:=0A=0Ahttps://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=3Dhttps-= 3A__www.uab.edu_news_research_item_10991-2D75-2Dmillion-2Dyear-2Dold-2Dsea-= 2Dturtle-2Dfossil-2Ddiscovery-2Dis-2Da-2Dnew-2Dgenus-2Dand-2Dspecies-2Dthat= -2Dsheds-2Dlight-2Don-2Dthe-2Devolution-2Dof-2Dits-2Dmodern-2Drelatives&d= =3DDwIFaQ&c=3DclK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=3DRy_mO4IFaUmGo= f_Yl9MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&m=3DtuwKU_imzkcVoWtrRv3Hzxj2Z1u56KA5zd06Xe0C= 5Do&s=3DAEf4Di8XAIfMY1Tj16BMEh7V6fdnToILvxS06bA0mbk&e=3D=20=0A=0A=3D=3D=3D= =3D=3D=0A=0AChristian A. Perez-Martinez, Julia L. Riley & Martin J. Whiting= (2019)=0AUncovering the function of an enigmatic display: antipredator beh= aviour in=0Athe iconic Australian frillneck lizard.=0ABiological Journal of= the Linnean Society, blz176=0Adoi: https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/ur= l?u=3Dhttps-3A__doi.org_10.1093_biolinnean_blz176&d=3DDwIFaQ&c=3DclK7kQUTWt= AVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=3DRy_mO4IFaUmGof_Yl9MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1CYJ= gFW9SI&m=3DtuwKU_imzkcVoWtrRv3Hzxj2Z1u56KA5zd06Xe0C5Do&s=3DqbdIGcRzVsIUMR8z= tO-nnWg1FqoDB54LL67_9IowWbc&e=3D=20=0Ahttps://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/= url?u=3Dhttps-3A__academic.oup.com_biolinnean_advance-2Darticle-2Dabstract_= doi_10.1093_biolinnean_blz176_5679583&d=3DDwIFaQ&c=3DclK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU= 5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=3DRy_mO4IFaUmGof_Yl9MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&m=3Dt= uwKU_imzkcVoWtrRv3Hzxj2Z1u56KA5zd06Xe0C5Do&s=3Dfk5Av9sCtxAsqc2IOWrOmKxPQ6jy= c-RNTs27wIxP5zg&e=3D=20=0A=0A=0AWhen faced with a predator, some animals en= gage in a deimatic display to=0Astartle the predator momentarily, resulting= in a pause or retreat, thereby=0Aincreasing their chance of escape. Frilln= eck lizards (Chlamydosaurus=0Akingii) are characterised by a large, pronoun= ced frill that extends from=0Athe base of the head to beyond the neck and, = when displayed, can be up to=0Asix times the width of the head. We used beh= avioural assays with a model=0Aavian predator to demonstrate that their dis= play conforms to deimatic=0Adisplay theory. First, juveniles and adults dep= loyed the frill in=0Aencounters with a model predator. Second, the display = revealed three colour=0Apatches (white and red=E2=80=93orange patches on th= e frill; yellow mouth palate)=0Athat facilitate a transition from a cryptic= to a conspicuous state as=0Aperceived by a raptor visual system. Third, th= e display was performed with=0Amovements that amplified its effect. The fri= ll area was larger in males=0Athan in females, which suggests that the fril= l might also be co-opted for=0Amale=E2=80=93male contests. If future resear= ch confirms a role of the frill in male=0Aagonistic interactions, frillneck= lizards will be a rare case in which a=0Astructure has a dual function in = a deimatic display and a sexually selected=0Asignal.=0A=0A=3D=3D=3D=0A=0AS.= L. Cross, M. D. Craig, S. Tomlinson & P. W. Bateman (2019)=0AI don=E2=80= =99t like crickets, I love them: invertebrates are an important prey=0Asour= ce for varanid lizards.=0AJournal of Zoology (advance online publication)= =0Adoi: https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=3Dhttps-3A__doi.org_10.1= 111_jzo.12750&d=3DDwIFaQ&c=3DclK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r= =3DRy_mO4IFaUmGof_Yl9MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&m=3DtuwKU_imzkcVoWtrRv3Hzxj2= Z1u56KA5zd06Xe0C5Do&s=3Da6bqFxR1V5oFPyT9T8SCjihZj44rfIdJ60m8Ia21TPA&e=3D=20= =0Ahttps://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=3Dhttps-3A__zslpublications.o= nlinelibrary.wiley.com_doi_10.1111_jzo.12750&d=3DDwIFaQ&c=3DclK7kQUTWtAVEOV= Igvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=3DRy_mO4IFaUmGof_Yl9MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1CYJgFW9S= I&m=3DtuwKU_imzkcVoWtrRv3Hzxj2Z1u56KA5zd06Xe0C5Do&s=3DS3zPFHFxQIXH0Z2IzyBgR= kYrBtlpyFs2sB3WBdltImg&e=3D=20=0A=0ATemporary free link:=0A=0Ahttps://urlde= fense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=3Dhttps-3A__zslpublications.onlinelibrary.wil= ey.com_doi_epdf_10.1111_jzo.12750-3Fshared-5Faccess-5Ftoken-3D1BV8rHPdsd87A= Q3GQ4MlMota6bR2k8jH0KrdpFOxC64uwLBj3N-2DLtlBdbO6inBCBSVZ-2DPYvEnbxaWuA2055R= Wb5wKACmeEED6-2DXYk3Jbi-5F7DComDFOJBge1aifJSRv9-5F&d=3DDwIFaQ&c=3DclK7kQUTW= tAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=3DRy_mO4IFaUmGof_Yl9MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1CY= JgFW9SI&m=3DtuwKU_imzkcVoWtrRv3Hzxj2Z1u56KA5zd06Xe0C5Do&s=3Dgg9GfiJaf5LwfW0= XjSmEE6UclTsIrdyQyLIWTRaEuG8&e=3D=20=0A=0A=0AMinimal annual rainfall in ari= d environments results in low productivity=0Aecosystems with fluctuating fo= od availability. Large mammalian predators=0Athat require frequent consumpt= ion of vertebrate prey tend to be less=0Aabundant in desert environments; h= owever, such environments often support=0Anumerous large=E2=80=90bodied car= nivorous reptiles. Diet is a fundamental component=0Aof an animal=E2=80=99s= ecology, and we explore the diets of three coexisting,=0Asympatric Varanus= species occurring in arid Australia: V. tristis, V.=0Agouldii and V. panop= tes. We hypothesized that the diet of varanids living=0Ain arid environment= s would primarily consist of relatively abundant=0Ainvertebrate prey, and t= hat vertebrate prey items would largely be limited=0Ato opportunistically c= onsumed mammalian carrion and small reptilian=0Aspecies. All three Varanus = species had high dietary overlap and broad,=0Ageneralist diets. Invertebrat= e prey, particularly Orthoptera, were key to=0Athe diets of all three speci= es. Vertebrate prey was infrequently consumed=0Aby all three Varanus specie= s; however, when consumed, tended to comprise=0Asmall reptilian species and= mammalian carrion. Unlike large mammalian=0Apredators, varanids can surviv= e on invertebrate prey and infrequent feeds=0Aand can aestivate when condit= ions become unfavourable, contributing to=0Atheir success in arid environme= nts.=0A=0A=3D=3D=3D=0A=3D=3D=3D=0A=0AYuewu Sun, Xiang Li, Quanyou Liu, M= ingda Zhang, Peng Li, Rui Zhang &=0AXiao Shi (2019)=0AIn search of the i= nland Carnian Pluvial Event: Middle=E2=80=93Upper Triassic=0Atransition pro= file and U=E2=80=93Pb isotopic dating in the Yanchang Formation in=0AOrdos = Basin, China=0AGeological Journal (advance online publication)=0Adoi: https= ://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=3Dhttps-3A__doi.org_10.1002_gj.3691&d= =3DDwIFaQ&c=3DclK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=3DRy_mO4IFaUmGo= f_Yl9MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&m=3DtuwKU_imzkcVoWtrRv3Hzxj2Z1u56KA5zd06Xe0C= 5Do&s=3DlMOd_kCLHVkWpHn2k9fxRaOPNUe-NEx3jqxKB4mMcXc&e=3D=20=0Ahttps://urlde= fense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=3Dhttps-3A__onlinelibrary.wiley.com_doi_10.10= 02_gj.3691&d=3DDwIFaQ&c=3DclK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=3DR= y_mO4IFaUmGof_Yl9MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&m=3DtuwKU_imzkcVoWtrRv3Hzxj2Z1u5= 6KA5zd06Xe0C5Do&s=3DNjZXTJpSW_dv3yCi1f33fiqbqCmEk_ZL12YIGnprDBU&e=3D=20=0A= =0A=0AThe Carnian Pluvial Event (CPE) in the early Late Triassic is a globa= l=0Aclimate change. The CPE is not only recorded in the ocean but also on t= he=0Acontinent. It has been well=E2=80=90documented in the marine environme= nts in Tethys=0Aand boreal areas. However, it is less reported for the terr= estrial. As a=0Aglobal precipitation event, the CPE on the supercontinent P= angaea is=0Arelated directly to the sudden increase in argillaceous transpo= rtation in=0Athe marine carbonate platform. Here, we report a chronological= study of the=0AYunmeng profile in south=E2=80=90eastern Ordos Basin, China= where the continuous=0Alacustrine deposits developed with several tuff int= erlayers. Laser Ablation=0AInductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (LA= =E2=80=90ICP=E2=80=90MS) U=E2=80=93Pb isotopic=0Adating of zircons from thr= ee bentonite samples show weighted mean ages of=0A234.1 =C2=B1 2.4 Ma, 234.= 8 =C2=B1 2.1 Ma, and 236.0 =C2=B1 1.7 Ma, respectively. Based on=0Athe revi= ew of isotopic dating, sedimentary and palaeontological=0Acharacteristics o= f the Triassic Yanchang Formation, the Middle and Upper=0ATriassic boundary= is located at the bottom of Chang 7 oil layer (YC7) in=0Athe Yanchang Form= ation at the Yunmeng profile in the Ordos Basin.=0ATherefore, the Yunmeng p= rofile provides a potential case for understanding=0Athe inland CPE and mig= ht link the terrestrial and oceanic systems in the=0ACarnian.=0A=0A=3D=3D= =3D=3D=0A=0AFree pdf:=0A=0AKyle W. Meyer, Sierra V. Petersen, Kyger C Lohma= nn, Joel D. Blum, Spencer=0AJ. Washburn, Marcus W. Johnson, James D. Gleaso= n, Aaron Y. Kurz & Ian Z.=0AWinkelstern (2019)=0ABiogenic carbonate mercur= y and marine temperature records reveal global=0Ainfluence of Late Cretaceo= us Deccan Traps.=0ANature Communications 10, Article number: 5356=0Adoi: ht= tps://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=3Dhttps-3A__doi.org_10.1038_s41467= -2D019-2D13366-2D0&d=3DDwIFaQ&c=3DclK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_= gI&r=3DRy_mO4IFaUmGof_Yl9MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&m=3DtuwKU_imzkcVoWtrRv3H= zxj2Z1u56KA5zd06Xe0C5Do&s=3DZQfb8RPQu_8qa5DhsuHZAFak-V6HhaROuYrhKBWsK00&e= =3D=20=0Ahttps://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=3Dhttps-3A__www.nature.= com_articles_s41467-2D019-2D13366-2D0&d=3DDwIFaQ&c=3DclK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU= 5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=3DRy_mO4IFaUmGof_Yl9MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&m=3Dt= uwKU_imzkcVoWtrRv3Hzxj2Z1u56KA5zd06Xe0C5Do&s=3Dh5vVSTlvdHjJFL-UC8UcqKO9uTVY= z5dOaAvkfuf4I_M&e=3D=20=0AFree pdf:=0Ahttps://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/= url?u=3Dhttps-3A__www.nature.com_articles_s41467-2D019-2D13366-2D0.pdf&d=3D= DwIFaQ&c=3DclK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=3DRy_mO4IFaUmGof_Y= l9MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&m=3DtuwKU_imzkcVoWtrRv3Hzxj2Z1u56KA5zd06Xe0C5Do= &s=3DamQfPfbSBSjKeRj0LvFWTWG6a-07Ke2HxJKFop9FK0Q&e=3D=20=0A=0A=0AThe climat= e and environmental significance of the Deccan Traps large=0Aigneous provin= ce of west-central India has been the subject of debate in=0Apaleontologica= l communities. Nearly one million years of semi-continuous=0ADeccan eruptiv= e activity spanned the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary, which=0Ais renowned f= or the extinction of most dinosaur groups. Whereas the=0AChicxulub impactor= is acknowledged as the principal cause of these=0Aextinctions, the Deccan = Traps eruptions are believed to have contributed to=0Aextinction patterns a= nd/or enhanced ecological pressures on biota during=0Athis interval of geol= ogic time. We present the first coupled records of=0Abiogenic carbonate clu= mped isotope paleothermometry and mercury=0Aconcentrations as measured from= a broad geographic distribution of marine=0Amollusk fossils. These fossils= preserve evidence of simultaneous increases=0Ain coastal marine temperatur= es and mercury concentrations at a global=0Ascale, which appear attributabl= e to volcanic CO2 and mercury emissions.=0AThese early findings warrant fur= ther investigation with additional records=0Aof combined Late Cretaceous te= mperatures and mercury concentrations of=0Abiogenic carbonate.=0A= --000000000000edc7b7059a171862 Content-Type: text/html; charset="UTF-8" Content-Transfer-Encoding: Quoted-printable <div dir=3D"ltr"><div><br></div><div>Ben Creisler</div><div><a href=3D"mail= to:[email protected]" target=3D"_blank">[email protected]</a></div><div= ><br></div><div>Recent non-dino papers:<br></div><div><br></div><div>Free p= df:</div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div>Christian de MUIZON, Guillaume = BILLET & Sandrine LADEV=C3=88ZE (2019)<br>New remains of kollpaniine &q= uot;condylarths" (Panameriungulata) from the early Palaeocene of Boliv= ia shed light on hypocone origins and molar proportions among ungulate-like= placentals.<br>GEODIVERSITAS 41(25): 841-874<br>doi: <a href=3D"https://ur= ldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=3Dhttps-3A__doi.org_10.5252_geodiversitas2= 019v41a25&d=3DDwMFaQ&c=3DclK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_g= I&r=3DRy_mO4IFaUmGof_Yl9MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&m=3DtuwKU_imzkcVo= WtrRv3Hzxj2Z1u56KA5zd06Xe0C5Do&s=3DhzhwbLzDGgoXUQImErbQH8eguHHGsH89JGKf= uVIm0qU&e=3D">https://doi.org/10.5252/geodiversitas2019v41a25</a>. <a h= ref=3D"https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=3Dhttp-3A__geodiversitas.= com_41_25&d=3DDwMFaQ&c=3DclK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_g= I&r=3DRy_mO4IFaUmGof_Yl9MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&m=3DtuwKU_imzkcVo= WtrRv3Hzxj2Z1u56KA5zd06Xe0C5Do&s=3DLUYyqVQTOpxy3H-dkUpgAEJZ1kwZdFjhEGd_= x8zGp94&e=3D">http://geodiversitas.com/41/25</a> <br><a href=3D"https:/= /urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=3Dhttp-3A__sciencepress.mnhn.fr_en_peri= odiques_geodiversitas_41_25&d=3DDwMFaQ&c=3DclK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5B= OUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=3DRy_mO4IFaUmGof_Yl9MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&= ;m=3DtuwKU_imzkcVoWtrRv3Hzxj2Z1u56KA5zd06Xe0C5Do&s=3DTh2mq86hVem1uLDKGA= nXdlkEWr_E2-54t8diQGxag5Q&e=3D">http://sciencepress.mnhn.fr/en/periodiq= ues/geodiversitas/41/25</a></div><div><br>Free pdf:<br><a href=3D"https://u= rldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=3Dhttp-3A__sciencepress.mnhn.fr_sites_def= ault_files_articles_pdf_g2019v41a25.pdf&d=3DDwMFaQ&c=3DclK7kQUTWtAV= EOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=3DRy_mO4IFaUmGof_Yl9MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1C= YJgFW9SI&m=3DtuwKU_imzkcVoWtrRv3Hzxj2Z1u56KA5zd06Xe0C5Do&s=3D3YpYUQ= VPlX_dAQifiE1qI9flj05akm_B49V1UxxDRtc&e=3D">http://sciencepress.mnhn.fr= /sites/default/files/articles/pdf/g2019v41a25.pdf</a><br><br>The descriptio= n of new specimens of kollpaniines =E2=80=9Ccondylarths=E2=80=9D from Tiupa= mpa (early Palaeocene of Bolivia) represents a significant addition to the = knowledge of the earliest fauna of South American ungulates. Several partia= l mandibles and maxillae of Molinodus suarezi and Simoclaenus sylvaticus ar= e described. The morphology of the lower premolars of Molinodus, being asso= ciated to lower molars, is established and a previous referral of an isolat= ed p4 is rejected. A maxilla of Simoclaenus reveals the morphology of the s= o far unknown P1-4 of this taxon and allows a discussion on the development= of the protocone in Palaeocene =E2=80=9Ccondylarths=E2=80=9D. The subverti= cal maxilla-premaxilla suture and the vertical implantation of the P1/p1 co= nfirm the shortness of the snout of Simoclaenus, whereas the procumbency of= the p1 of Molinodus indicates a longer rostrum. The upper molars of Molino= dus confirm the presence of a tendency to duplication of the protocone, whi= ch is regarded as the incipient development of a pseudohypocone. The variou= s patterns of formation of a hypocone (or pseudohypocone) are considered an= d, among other South American Native Ungulates, a protocone-derived pseudoh= ypocone (i.e. Molinodus-like) is hypothesized in Lamegoia, Raulvaccia, and = notoungulates, whereas a postcingulum-derived, hypocone is present in didol= odontids and litopterns.<br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><br></= div>=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D<div>=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D</div><div><br><div>Free pdf:<= /div><div><br>Nicholas R. Friedman, Eliot T. Miller, Jason R. Ball, Haruka = Kasuga, Vladim=C3=ADr Reme=C5=A1 and Evan P. Economo (2019)<br>Evolution of= a multifunctional trait: shared effects of foraging ecology and thermoregu= lation on beak morphology, with consequences for song evolution.<br>Proceed= ings of the Royal Society B 286: 20192474.<br>doi: <a href=3D"https://urlde= fense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=3Dhttps-3A__doi.org_10.1098_rspb.2019.2474&am= p;d=3DDwMFaQ&c=3DclK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=3DRy= _mO4IFaUmGof_Yl9MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&m=3DtuwKU_imzkcVoWtrRv3Hzxj2Z= 1u56KA5zd06Xe0C5Do&s=3D6XcIvSLHf6l2tk_NC6QKxK64Xm3rsJuhx8iUnVWBvYU&= e=3D">https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.2474</a><br><a href=3D"https://urld= efense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=3Dhttps-3A__royalsocietypublishing.org_doi_f= ull_10.1098_rspb.2019.2474&d=3DDwMFaQ&c=3DclK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BO= UHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=3DRy_mO4IFaUmGof_Yl9MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&= m=3DtuwKU_imzkcVoWtrRv3Hzxj2Z1u56KA5zd06Xe0C5Do&s=3DmKhFkfVX_v7a4l4_ExX= KqKCOJAB-vR_EwYFyyLgf9i4&e=3D">https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/f= ull/10.1098/rspb.2019.2474</a></div><div><br>Free pdf:<br><a href=3D"https:= //urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=3Dhttps-3A__royalsocietypublishing.org= _doi_pdf_10.1098_rspb.2019.2474&d=3DDwMFaQ&c=3DclK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0= NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=3DRy_mO4IFaUmGof_Yl9MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI= &m=3DtuwKU_imzkcVoWtrRv3Hzxj2Z1u56KA5zd06Xe0C5Do&s=3DtYnJMG3EIsCV9y= -IMbJJi319iIahx9iNuERvnZWdvi8&e=3D">https://royalsocietypublishing.org/= doi/pdf/10.1098/rspb.2019.2474</a><br><br>While morphological traits are of= ten associated with multiple functions, it remains unclear how evolution ba= lances the selective effects of different functions. Birds' beaks funct= ion not only in foraging but also in thermoregulating and singing, among ot= her behaviours. Studies of beak evolution abound, however, most focus on a = single function. Hence, we quantified relative contributions of different f= unctions over an evolutionary timescale. We measured beak shape using geome= tric morphometrics and compared this trait with foraging behaviour, climati= c variables and song characteristics in a phylogenetic comparative study of= an Australasian radiation of songbirds (Meliphagidae). We found that both = climate and foraging behaviour were significantly correlated with the beak = shape and size. However, foraging ecology had a greater effect on shape, an= d climate had a nearly equal effect on size. We also found that evolutionar= y changes in beak morphology had significant consequences for vocal perform= ance: species with elongate-shaped beaks sang at higher frequencies, while = species with large beaks sang at a slower pace. The evolution of the avian = beak exemplifies how morphological traits can be an evolutionary compromise= among functions, and suggests that specialization along any functional axi= s may increase ecological divergence or reproductive isolation along others= .<br><br>=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D<br>Free pdf:</div><div><br>Ni= cholas M. A. Crouch and Roberta Mason-Gamer (2019)<br>Mass estimation of ex= tinct taxa and phylogenetic hypotheses both influence analyses of character= evolution in a large clade of birds (Telluraves).<br>Proceedings of the Ro= yal Society B 286: 20191745<br>doi: <a href=3D"https://urldefense.proofpoin= t.com/v2/url?u=3Dhttps-3A__doi.org_10.1098_rspb.2019.1745&d=3DDwMFaQ&am= p;c=3DclK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=3DRy_mO4IFaUmGof_Yl= 9MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&m=3DtuwKU_imzkcVoWtrRv3Hzxj2Z1u56KA5zd06Xe0C= 5Do&s=3D-6ccg4mxlp203FKMAtxJ7ClqiIT-T6WFWiFEb8_OCK0&e=3D">https://d= oi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.1745</a><br><a href=3D"https://urldefense.proofpoi= nt.com/v2/url?u=3Dhttps-3A__royalsocietypublishing.org_doi_pdf_10.1098_rspb= .2019.1745&d=3DDwMFaQ&c=3DclK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_= gI&r=3DRy_mO4IFaUmGof_Yl9MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&m=3DtuwKU_imzkcV= oWtrRv3Hzxj2Z1u56KA5zd06Xe0C5Do&s=3DfczKnH8MXTr4-dZpp5XBjMewbxcydbXrRpk= YxAobsY8&e=3D">https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rspb.= 2019.1745</a></div><div><br>Free pdf:<br><a href=3D"https://urldefense.proo= fpoint.com/v2/url?u=3Dhttps-3A__royalsocietypublishing.org_doi_pdf_10.1098_= rspb.2019.1745&d=3DDwMFaQ&c=3DclK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CS= fnc_gI&r=3DRy_mO4IFaUmGof_Yl9MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&m=3DtuwKU_im= zkcVoWtrRv3Hzxj2Z1u56KA5zd06Xe0C5Do&s=3DfczKnH8MXTr4-dZpp5XBjMewbxcydbX= rRpkYxAobsY8&e=3D">https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/r= spb.2019.1745</a><br><br>Incorporating extinct taxa in phylogenetic compara= tive methods is rapidly becoming invaluable in studies of character evoluti= on. An increasing number of studies have evaluated the effects of extinct t= axa, and different numbers of extinct taxa, on model selection and paramete= r estimation. Body mass is a well-studied phenotype, but individual mass es= timates may vary dramatically depending on the particular measurement used.= Here, we perform an analysis of body mass evolution in a large clade of pr= incipally arboreal birds, incorporating 76 extinct species. We evaluate how= different methods for estimating body mass of extinct taxa, and different = phylogenetic hypotheses, affect our understanding of the rate and pattern o= f body mass evolution. Our results show that model selection can vary drama= tically depending on the phenotypic and phylogenetic hypothesis used in the= reconstruction. Even small changes in phenotype estimates can lead to diff= erent model selection and, as a result, affect the inferred evolutionary hi= story. The best-fit models support an increase in the rate of evolution fol= lowing the K=E2=80=93Pg boundary, with variation accumulating linearly thro= ugh the Cenozoic. These results provide additional insight into the applica= tion of comparative models of evolution, as well as the evolutionary histor= y of one of the most spectacular vertebrate radiations.<br></div><div><br><= /div><div>=3D=3D=3D=3D</div><div><br><div>Gerald Mayr (2020)<br>Comparative= morphology of the avian maxillary bone (os maxillare) based on an examinat= ion of macerated juvenile skeletons.<br>Acta Zoologica 101 (1): 24-38<br>do= i: =C2=A0<a href=3D"https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=3Dhttps-3A__= doi.org_10.1111_azo.12268&d=3DDwMFaQ&c=3DclK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOU= HhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=3DRy_mO4IFaUmGof_Yl9MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&m= =3DtuwKU_imzkcVoWtrRv3Hzxj2Z1u56KA5zd06Xe0C5Do&s=3DxrZZa8jyUNVmTcFY8cL8= RyECRebmYwb4E93s8BGBcBA&e=3D" target=3D"_blank">https://doi.org/10.1111= /azo.12268</a><br><a href=3D"https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=3Dh= ttps-3A__onlinelibrary.wiley.com_doi_abs_10.1111_azo.12268&d=3DDwMFaQ&a= mp;c=3DclK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=3DRy_mO4IFaUmGof_Y= l9MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&m=3DtuwKU_imzkcVoWtrRv3Hzxj2Z1u56KA5zd06Xe0= C5Do&s=3Dq-TpEs3avZg-4o27GU1xqAP-pCnwRjqlyBlB4UwQD3s&e=3D" target= =3D"_blank">https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/azo.12268</a><b= r><br><br>For the first time, isolated maxillary bones of juvenile neornith= ine birds are examined and compared. Contrary to the anatomical terminology= currently employed, the avian maxillare exhibits five rather than four pro= cesses. In addition to the praemaxillary, jugal, nasal, and maxillopalatine= processes, all palaeognathous and many neognathous birds also have a palat= ine process. The occurrence of these processes is, however, variable across= different clades and only few taxa exhibit a pentaradiate maxillare with a= ll five processes. Within Neognathae, a great morphological variability exi= sts in the shape of the maxillopalatine process, which is more easily studi= ed in juvenile individuals, in which the bones of the beak and palate are n= ot co=E2=80=90ossified. In some Neognathae, a caudally facing recess is sit= uated in the junction of the maxillopalatine and jugal processes, which is = likely to be homologous to the pneumatic recess of palaeognathous birds. Se= veral derived morphologies of potential phylogenetic significance for the c= haracterization of neognathous clades are identified and major morphologica= l transformations in the lineage leading towards modern birds are highlight= ed.<br><br>=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D</div><div><div>=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D</div><div><br></d= iv><div>Free pdf:</div><div><br></div><div>Asmodochelys parhami gen. et sp.= nov.</div><div><br>Andrew D. Gentry, Jun A. Ebersole and Caitlin R. Kierna= n (2019)<br>Asmodochelys parhami, a new fossil marine turtle from the Campa= nian Demopolis Chalk and the stratigraphic congruence of competing marine t= urtle phylogenies.<br>Royal Society Open Science 6: 191950<br>doi: <a href= =3D"https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=3Dhttps-3A__doi.org_10.1098_= rsos.191950&d=3DDwMFaQ&c=3DclK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc= _gI&r=3DRy_mO4IFaUmGof_Yl9MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&m=3DtuwKU_imzkc= VoWtrRv3Hzxj2Z1u56KA5zd06Xe0C5Do&s=3D7YwCdLES5-E7nh73Q7qG8frosjn8-Ucw27= _l0aEWzYQ&e=3D" target=3D"_blank">https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.191950</= a><br><a href=3D"https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=3Dhttps-3A__roy= alsocietypublishing.org_doi_10.1098_rsos.191950&d=3DDwMFaQ&c=3DclK7= kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=3DRy_mO4IFaUmGof_Yl9MyZgecRCK= Hn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&m=3DtuwKU_imzkcVoWtrRv3Hzxj2Z1u56KA5zd06Xe0C5Do&s= =3D584Og6Dzt1LUOOrf_F7fFgsKwhgQeG-zCpJCTuaVs98&e=3D" target=3D"_blank">= https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsos.191950</a></div><div><b= r>Free pdf:<br><a href=3D"https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=3Dhttp= s-3A__royalsocietypublishing.org_doi_pdf_10.1098_rsos.191950&d=3DDwMFaQ= &c=3DclK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=3DRy_mO4IFaUmGof= _Yl9MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&m=3DtuwKU_imzkcVoWtrRv3Hzxj2Z1u56KA5zd06X= e0C5Do&s=3DAMLy_zrf0k-7nvzeEOxNxqHhiJX_kSoPTDMmCObL1KU&e=3D" target= =3D"_blank">https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rsos.191950<= /a></div><div><br></div><div><br>Resolving the phylogeny of sea turtles is = uniquely challenging given the high potential for the unification of conver= gent lineages due to systematic homoplasy. Equivocal reconstructions of mar= ine turtle evolution subsequently inhibit efforts to establish fossil calib= rations for molecular divergence estimates and prevent the accurate reconci= liation of biogeographic or palaeoclimatic data with phylogenetic hypothese= s. Here we describe a new genus and species of marine turtle, Asmodochelys = parhami, from the Upper Campanian Demopolis Chalk of Alabama and Mississipp= i, USA represented by three partial shells. Phylogenetic analysis shows tha= t A. parhami belongs to the ctenochelyids, an extinct group that shares cha= racteristics with both pan-chelonioids and pan-cheloniids. In addition to s= upporting Ctenochelyidae as a sister taxon of Chelonioidea, our analysis pl= aces Protostegidae outside of the Chelonioidea crown group and recovers All= opleuron hofmanni as a stem dermochelyid. Gap excess ratio (GER) results in= dicate a strong stratigraphic congruence of our phylogenetic hypothesis; ho= wever, the highest GER value is associated with the phylogenetic hypothesis= of marine turtles which excludes Protostegidae from the Cryptodira crown g= roup. Ancestral range estimations derived from our phylogeny imply a Europe= an or North American origin of Chelonioidea in the middle-to-late Campanian= , approximately 20 Myr earlier than current molecular divergence studies su= ggest.<br><br></div><div>News:</div><div><br><a href=3D"https://urldefense.= proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=3Dhttps-3A__www.uab.edu_news_research_item_10991-2D= 75-2Dmillion-2Dyear-2Dold-2Dsea-2Dturtle-2Dfossil-2Ddiscovery-2Dis-2Da-2Dne= w-2Dgenus-2Dand-2Dspecies-2Dthat-2Dsheds-2Dlight-2Don-2Dthe-2Devolution-2Do= f-2Dits-2Dmodern-2Drelatives&d=3DDwMFaQ&c=3DclK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5= BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=3DRy_mO4IFaUmGof_Yl9MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&am= p;m=3DtuwKU_imzkcVoWtrRv3Hzxj2Z1u56KA5zd06Xe0C5Do&s=3DAEf4Di8XAIfMY1Tj1= 6BMEh7V6fdnToILvxS06bA0mbk&e=3D">https://www.uab.edu/news/research/item= /10991-75-million-year-old-sea-turtle-fossil-discovery-is-a-new-genus-and-s= pecies-that-sheds-light-on-the-evolution-of-its-modern-relatives</a></div><= /div><div><br></div><div>=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D</div><div><br></div><div>Christian= A. Perez-Martinez, Julia L. Riley & Martin J. Whiting (2019)<br>Uncove= ring the function of an enigmatic display: antipredator behaviour in the ic= onic Australian frillneck lizard.<br>Biological Journal of the Linnean Soci= ety, blz176<br>doi: <a href=3D"https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u= =3Dhttps-3A__doi.org_10.1093_biolinnean_blz176&d=3DDwMFaQ&c=3DclK7k= QUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=3DRy_mO4IFaUmGof_Yl9MyZgecRCKH= n5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&m=3DtuwKU_imzkcVoWtrRv3Hzxj2Z1u56KA5zd06Xe0C5Do&s= =3DqbdIGcRzVsIUMR8ztO-nnWg1FqoDB54LL67_9IowWbc&e=3D" target=3D"_blank">= https://doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/blz176</a><br><a href=3D"https://urldefe= nse.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=3Dhttps-3A__academic.oup.com_biolinnean_advance= -2Darticle-2Dabstract_doi_10.1093_biolinnean_blz176_5679583&d=3DDwMFaQ&= amp;c=3DclK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=3DRy_mO4IFaUmGof_= Yl9MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&m=3DtuwKU_imzkcVoWtrRv3Hzxj2Z1u56KA5zd06Xe= 0C5Do&s=3Dfk5Av9sCtxAsqc2IOWrOmKxPQ6jyc-RNTs27wIxP5zg&e=3D" target= =3D"_blank">https://academic.oup.com/biolinnean/advance-article-abstract/do= i/10.1093/biolinnean/blz176/5679583</a><br><br><br>When faced with a predat= or, some animals engage in a deimatic display to startle the predator momen= tarily, resulting in a pause or retreat, thereby increasing their chance of= escape. Frillneck lizards (Chlamydosaurus kingii) are characterised by a l= arge, pronounced frill that extends from the base of the head to beyond the= neck and, when displayed, can be up to six times the width of the head. We= used behavioural assays with a model avian predator to demonstrate that th= eir display conforms to deimatic display theory. First, juveniles and adult= s deployed the frill in encounters with a model predator. Second, the displ= ay revealed three colour patches (white and red=E2=80=93orange patches on t= he frill; yellow mouth palate) that facilitate a transition from a cryptic = to a conspicuous state as perceived by a raptor visual system. Third, the d= isplay was performed with movements that amplified its effect. The frill ar= ea was larger in males than in females, which suggests that the frill might= also be co-opted for male=E2=80=93male contests. If future research confir= ms a role of the frill in male agonistic interactions, frillneck lizards wi= ll be a rare case in which a structure has a dual function in a deimatic di= splay and a sexually selected signal.<br></div><div><br></div><div>=3D=3D= =3D</div><div><br></div><div>S. L. Cross, M. D. Craig, S. Tomlinson & P= . W. Bateman (2019)<br>I don=E2=80=99t like crickets, I love them: inverteb= rates are an important prey source for varanid lizards.<br>Journal of Zoolo= gy (advance online publication)<br>doi: <a href=3D"https://urldefense.proof= point.com/v2/url?u=3Dhttps-3A__doi.org_10.1111_jzo.12750&d=3DDwMFaQ&= ;c=3DclK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=3DRy_mO4IFaUmGof_Yl9= MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&m=3DtuwKU_imzkcVoWtrRv3Hzxj2Z1u56KA5zd06Xe0C5= Do&s=3Da6bqFxR1V5oFPyT9T8SCjihZj44rfIdJ60m8Ia21TPA&e=3D">https://do= i.org/10.1111/jzo.12750</a><br><a href=3D"https://urldefense.proofpoint.com= /v2/url?u=3Dhttps-3A__zslpublications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com_doi_10.1111_j= zo.12750&d=3DDwMFaQ&c=3DclK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI= &r=3DRy_mO4IFaUmGof_Yl9MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&m=3DtuwKU_imzkcVoW= trRv3Hzxj2Z1u56KA5zd06Xe0C5Do&s=3DS3zPFHFxQIXH0Z2IzyBgRkYrBtlpyFs2sB3WB= dltImg&e=3D">https://zslpublications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.111= 1/jzo.12750</a></div><div><br></div><div>Temporary free link:</div><div><br= ></div><div><a href=3D"https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=3Dhttps-3= A__zslpublications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com_doi_epdf_10.1111_jzo.12750-3Fsha= red-5Faccess-5Ftoken-3D1BV8rHPdsd87AQ3GQ4MlMota6bR2k8jH0KrdpFOxC64uwLBj3N-2= DLtlBdbO6inBCBSVZ-2DPYvEnbxaWuA2055RWb5wKACmeEED6-2DXYk3Jbi-5F7DComDFOJBge1= aifJSRv9-5F&d=3DDwMFaQ&c=3DclK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc= _gI&r=3DRy_mO4IFaUmGof_Yl9MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&m=3DtuwKU_imzkc= VoWtrRv3Hzxj2Z1u56KA5zd06Xe0C5Do&s=3Dgg9GfiJaf5LwfW0XjSmEE6UclTsIrdyQyL= IWTRaEuG8&e=3D">https://zslpublications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epd= f/10.1111/jzo.12750?shared_access_token=3D1BV8rHPdsd87AQ3GQ4MlMota6bR2k8jH0= KrdpFOxC64uwLBj3N-LtlBdbO6inBCBSVZ-PYvEnbxaWuA2055RWb5wKACmeEED6-XYk3Jbi_7D= ComDFOJBge1aifJSRv9_</a></div><div><br><br>Minimal annual rainfall in arid = environments results in low productivity ecosystems with fluctuating food a= vailability. Large mammalian predators that require frequent consumption of= vertebrate prey tend to be less abundant in desert environments; however, = such environments often support numerous large=E2=80=90bodied carnivorous r= eptiles. Diet is a fundamental component of an animal=E2=80=99s ecology, an= d we explore the diets of three coexisting, sympatric Varanus species occur= ring in arid Australia: V. tristis, V. gouldii and V. panoptes. We hypothes= ized that the diet of varanids living in arid environments would primarily = consist of relatively abundant invertebrate prey, and that vertebrate prey = items would largely be limited to opportunistically consumed mammalian carr= ion and small reptilian species. All three Varanus species had high dietary= overlap and broad, generalist diets. Invertebrate prey, particularly Ortho= ptera, were key to the diets of all three species. Vertebrate prey was infr= equently consumed by all three Varanus species; however, when consumed, ten= ded to comprise small reptilian species and mammalian carrion. Unlike large= mammalian predators, varanids can survive on invertebrate prey and infrequ= ent feeds and can aestivate when conditions become unfavourable, contributi= ng to their success in arid environments.<br></div><div><br></div><div>=3D= =3D=3D</div><div>=3D=3D=3D</div><div><br></div><div>Yuewu Sun, =C2=A0Xiang = Li, =C2=A0Quanyou Liu, =C2=A0Mingda Zhang, =C2=A0Peng Li, =C2=A0Rui Zhang = =C2=A0& Xiao Shi (2019)<br>In search of the inland Carnian Pluvial Even= t: Middle=E2=80=93Upper Triassic transition profile and U=E2=80=93Pb isotop= ic dating in the Yanchang Formation in Ordos Basin, China<br>Geological Jou= rnal (advance online publication)<br>doi: <a href=3D"https://urldefense.pro= ofpoint.com/v2/url?u=3Dhttps-3A__doi.org_10.1002_gj.3691&d=3DDwMFaQ&= ;c=3DclK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=3DRy_mO4IFaUmGof_Yl9= MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&m=3DtuwKU_imzkcVoWtrRv3Hzxj2Z1u56KA5zd06Xe0C5= Do&s=3DlMOd_kCLHVkWpHn2k9fxRaOPNUe-NEx3jqxKB4mMcXc&e=3D" target=3D"= _blank">https://doi.org/10.1002/gj.3691</a><br><a href=3D"https://urldefens= e.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=3Dhttps-3A__onlinelibrary.wiley.com_doi_10.1002_g= j.3691&d=3DDwMFaQ&c=3DclK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&a= mp;r=3DRy_mO4IFaUmGof_Yl9MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&m=3DtuwKU_imzkcVoWtr= Rv3Hzxj2Z1u56KA5zd06Xe0C5Do&s=3DNjZXTJpSW_dv3yCi1f33fiqbqCmEk_ZL12YIGnp= rDBU&e=3D" target=3D"_blank">https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.100= 2/gj.3691</a><br><br><br>The Carnian Pluvial Event (CPE) in the early Late = Triassic is a global climate change. The CPE is not only recorded in the oc= ean but also on the continent. It has been well=E2=80=90documented in the m= arine environments in Tethys and boreal areas. However, it is less reported= for the terrestrial. As a global precipitation event, the CPE on the super= continent Pangaea is related directly to the sudden increase in argillaceou= s transportation in the marine carbonate platform. Here, we report a chrono= logical study of the Yunmeng profile in south=E2=80=90eastern Ordos Basin, = China where the continuous lacustrine deposits developed with several tuff = interlayers. Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (L= A=E2=80=90ICP=E2=80=90MS) U=E2=80=93Pb isotopic dating of zircons from thre= e bentonite samples show weighted mean ages of 234.1 =C2=B1 2.4 Ma, 234.8 = =C2=B1 2.1 Ma, and 236.0 =C2=B1 1.7 Ma, respectively. Based on the review o= f isotopic dating, sedimentary and palaeontological characteristics of the = Triassic Yanchang Formation, the Middle and Upper Triassic boundary is loca= ted at the bottom of Chang 7 oil layer (YC7) in the Yanchang Formation at t= he Yunmeng profile in the Ordos Basin. Therefore, the Yunmeng profile provi= des a potential case for understanding the inland CPE and might link the te= rrestrial and oceanic systems in the Carnian.</div><div><br>=3D=3D=3D=3D</d= iv><div><br></div><div>Free pdf:</div><div><br></div><div>Kyle W. Meyer, Si= erra V. Petersen, Kyger C Lohmann, Joel D. Blum, Spencer J. Washburn, Marcu= s W. Johnson, James D. Gleason, Aaron Y. Kurz & Ian Z. Winkelstern =C2= =A0(2019)<br>Biogenic carbonate mercury and marine temperature records reve= al global influence of Late Cretaceous Deccan Traps.<br>Nature Communicatio= ns 10, Article number: 5356<br>doi: <a href=3D"https://urldefense.proofpoin= t.com/v2/url?u=3Dhttps-3A__doi.org_10.1038_s41467-2D019-2D13366-2D0&d= =3DDwMFaQ&c=3DclK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=3DRy_mO= 4IFaUmGof_Yl9MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&m=3DtuwKU_imzkcVoWtrRv3Hzxj2Z1u5= 6KA5zd06Xe0C5Do&s=3DZQfb8RPQu_8qa5DhsuHZAFak-V6HhaROuYrhKBWsK00&e= =3D" target=3D"_blank">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-13366-0</a> <br><= a href=3D"https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=3Dhttps-3A__www.nature= .com_articles_s41467-2D019-2D13366-2D0&d=3DDwMFaQ&c=3DclK7kQUTWtAVE= OVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=3DRy_mO4IFaUmGof_Yl9MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1CY= JgFW9SI&m=3DtuwKU_imzkcVoWtrRv3Hzxj2Z1u56KA5zd06Xe0C5Do&s=3Dh5vVSTl= vdHjJFL-UC8UcqKO9uTVYz5dOaAvkfuf4I_M&e=3D" target=3D"_blank">https://ww= w.nature.com/articles/s41467-019-13366-0</a><br>Free pdf:<br><a href=3D"htt= ps://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=3Dhttps-3A__www.nature.com_articles= _s41467-2D019-2D13366-2D0.pdf&d=3DDwMFaQ&c=3DclK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU= 5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=3DRy_mO4IFaUmGof_Yl9MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&a= mp;m=3DtuwKU_imzkcVoWtrRv3Hzxj2Z1u56KA5zd06Xe0C5Do&s=3DamQfPfbSBSjKeRj0= LvFWTWG6a-07Ke2HxJKFop9FK0Q&e=3D" target=3D"_blank">https://www.nature.= com/articles/s41467-019-13366-0.pdf</a><br><br><br>The climate and environm= ental significance of the Deccan Traps large igneous province of west-centr= al India has been the subject of debate in paleontological communities. Nea= rly one million years of semi-continuous Deccan eruptive activity spanned t= he Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary, which is renowned for the extinction of m= ost dinosaur groups. Whereas the Chicxulub impactor is acknowledged as the = principal cause of these extinctions, the Deccan Traps eruptions are believ= ed to have contributed to extinction patterns and/or enhanced ecological pr= essures on biota during this interval of geologic time. We present the firs= t coupled records of biogenic carbonate clumped isotope paleothermometry an= d mercury concentrations as measured from a broad geographic distribution o= f marine mollusk fossils. These fossils preserve evidence of simultaneous i= ncreases in coastal marine temperatures and mercury concentrations at a glo= bal scale, which appear attributable to volcanic CO2 and mercury emissions.= These early findings warrant further investigation with additional records= of combined Late Cretaceous temperatures and mercury concentrations of bio= genic carbonate.<br><br><br><br></div></div></div></div>=0A= --000000000000edc7b7059a171862--