[dinosaur] Pterosaur with basihyal in hyoid tongue bone structure (free pdf)

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Ben [email protected]=0D=0A=0D=0AA new paper in open access=
:=0D=0A=0D=0A Shunxing Jiang, Zhiheng Li, Xin Cheng & Xiaolin Wang (2020)=
=0D=0AThe first pterosaur basihyal, shedding light on the evolution and fun=
ction=0D=0Aof pterosaur hyoid apparatuses.=0D=0APeerJ 8:e8292=0D=0Adoi: htt=
ps://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=3Dhttps-3A__doi.org_10.7717_peerj.8=
292&d=3DDwIBaQ&c=3DclK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=3DRy_mO4IF=
aUmGof_Yl9MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&m=3D57KBsZHqUMwZb8td7d6aONSno_MuL3nTw5f=
JnqY9e8U&s=3DWmXzI1mDzDAdvMQrqchqVZie9YtHMAsqgQRtAHJBi_4&e=3D =0D=0Ahttps:/=
/urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=3Dhttps-3A__peerj.com_articles_8292_&d=
=3DDwIBaQ&c=3DclK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=3DRy_mO4IFaUmGo=
f_Yl9MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&m=3D57KBsZHqUMwZb8td7d6aONSno_MuL3nTw5fJnqY9=
e8U&s=3DHaVsfZwQtHdqY_Jhol7m8_E1ugPFI2NdLjx0jmSCMW4&e=3D =0D=0AFree pdf:=0D=
=0Ahttps://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=3Dhttps-3A__peerj.com_article=
s_8292.pdf&d=3DDwIBaQ&c=3DclK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=3DR=
y_mO4IFaUmGof_Yl9MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&m=3D57KBsZHqUMwZb8td7d6aONSno_Mu=
L3nTw5fJnqY9e8U&s=3DDMoCv_4Tzr9JPxnnBALsbz4R-t6EiXbRXHcEjNpg93k&e=3D =0D=0A=
=0D=0A=0D=0A=0D=0AThe pterosaur is the first known vertebrate clade to achi=
eve powered=0D=0Aflight. Its hyoid apparatus shows a simplification similar=
 to that of=0D=0Abirds, although samples of the apparatus are rare, limitin=
g the ability to=0D=0Amake an accurate determination. In this study we reve=
al a new pterosaur=0D=0Aspecimen, including the first definite basihyal. Th=
rough the comparison of=0D=0Apterosaur hyoids, a trend has been discovered =
for the shortened hyoid=0D=0Arelative to the length of the skull, indicatin=
g a diminished role of=0D=0Alingual retraction during the evolution of the =
pterosaur. The new material,=0D=0Apossibly from a gallodactylid Gladocephal=
oideus, represents one of the=0D=0Aleast effective lingual retractions in a=
ll pterosaurs. Based on the=0D=0Astructure of an elongated ceratobranchial =
and retroarticular process on=0D=0Amandibles, the function of the Y-shaped =
istiodactylid tongue bone is=0D=0Asimilar to those of scavenger crows rathe=
r than chameleons, which is=0D=0Aconsistent with the interpretation of the =
scavenging behavior of this=0D=0Ataxon. More fossil samples are needed for =
further study on the function of=0D=0Aother pterosaur hyoids.=0D=0A=

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<div dir=3D"ltr"><br><div>Ben Creisler</div><div><a href=3D"mailto:bcreisle=
[email protected]">[email protected]</a></div><div><br></div><div>A new paper i=
n open access:</div><div><br></div><div>=C2=A0Shunxing Jiang, Zhiheng Li, X=
in Cheng &amp; Xiaolin Wang (2020)<br>The first pterosaur basihyal, sheddin=
g light on the evolution and function of pterosaur hyoid apparatuses. <br>P=
eerJ 8:e8292 <br>doi: <a href=3D"https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=
=3Dhttps-3A__doi.org_10.7717_peerj.8292&amp;d=3DDwMFaQ&amp;c=3DclK7kQUTWtAV=
EOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&amp;r=3DRy_mO4IFaUmGof_Yl9MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1C=
YJgFW9SI&amp;m=3D57KBsZHqUMwZb8td7d6aONSno_MuL3nTw5fJnqY9e8U&amp;s=3DWmXzI1=
mDzDAdvMQrqchqVZie9YtHMAsqgQRtAHJBi_4&amp;e=3D">https://doi.org/10.7717/pee=
rj.8292</a><br><a href=3D"https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=3Dhttp=
s-3A__peerj.com_articles_8292_&amp;d=3DDwMFaQ&amp;c=3DclK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0N=
U5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&amp;r=3DRy_mO4IFaUmGof_Yl9MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&=
amp;m=3D57KBsZHqUMwZb8td7d6aONSno_MuL3nTw5fJnqY9e8U&amp;s=3DHaVsfZwQtHdqY_J=
hol7m8_E1ugPFI2NdLjx0jmSCMW4&amp;e=3D">https://peerj.com/articles/8292/</a>=
<br>Free pdf:<br><a href=3D"https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=3Dht=
tps-3A__peerj.com_articles_8292.pdf&amp;d=3DDwMFaQ&amp;c=3DclK7kQUTWtAVEOVI=
gvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&amp;r=3DRy_mO4IFaUmGof_Yl9MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1CYJgF=
W9SI&amp;m=3D57KBsZHqUMwZb8td7d6aONSno_MuL3nTw5fJnqY9e8U&amp;s=3DDMoCv_4Tzr=
9JPxnnBALsbz4R-t6EiXbRXHcEjNpg93k&amp;e=3D">https://peerj.com/articles/8292=
.pdf</a></div><div><br></div><div><br><br>The pterosaur is the first known =
vertebrate clade to achieve powered flight. Its hyoid apparatus shows a sim=
plification similar to that of birds, although samples of the apparatus are=
 rare, limiting the ability to make an accurate determination. In this stud=
y we reveal a new pterosaur specimen, including the first definite basihyal=
. Through the comparison of pterosaur hyoids, a trend has been discovered f=
or the shortened hyoid relative to the length of the skull, indicating a di=
minished role of lingual retraction during the evolution of the pterosaur. =
The new material, possibly from a gallodactylid Gladocephaloideus, represen=
ts one of the least effective lingual retractions in all pterosaurs. Based =
on the structure of an elongated ceratobranchial and retroarticular process=
 on mandibles, the function of the Y-shaped istiodactylid tongue bone is si=
milar to those of scavenger crows rather than chameleons, which is consiste=
nt with the interpretation of the scavenging behavior of this taxon. More f=
ossil samples are needed for further study on the function of other pterosa=
ur hyoids.<br><br></div></div>=0A=

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