[dinosaur] Sue the T-rex story and controversy over access to fossils (free pdf)

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Ben [email protected]=0A=0AA recent paper with free pdf:=0A=0A=
Elizabeth D. Jones (2019)=0AAssumptions of authority: the story of Sue the =
T-rex and controversy over=0Aaccess to fossils.=0AHistory and Philosophy of=
 the Life Sciences 42, Article number: 2=0ADOI: https://urldefense.proofpoi=
nt.com/v2/url?u=3Dhttps-3A__doi.org_10.1007_s40656-2D019-2D0288-2D4&d=3DDwI=
FaQ&c=3DclK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=3DRy_mO4IFaUmGof_Yl9M=
yZgecRCKHn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&m=3DrUj2gKHMZWCrQ9KHY5EkKbxz7AHDisrMrxzD0ulIvIQ&s=
=3DOzfwXtu-6CNRG64brFQ-eMgnPxuYaNJzj2qzUaVlp6s&e=3D=20=0Ahttps://urldefense=
.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=3Dhttps-3A__link.springer.com_article_10.1007_s406=
56-2D019-2D0288-2D4&d=3DDwIFaQ&c=3DclK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc=
_gI&r=3DRy_mO4IFaUmGof_Yl9MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&m=3DrUj2gKHMZWCrQ9KHY5E=
kKbxz7AHDisrMrxzD0ulIvIQ&s=3D9mSV2SiFQtHxKMNzA4YVFMSZIP5BqzU0m_ahiIHmKuc&e=
=3D=20=0A=0AFree pdf:=0Ahttps://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=3Dhttps-=
3A__link.springer.com_content_pdf_10.1007_s40656-2D019-2D0288-2D4.pdf&d=3DD=
wIFaQ&c=3DclK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=3DRy_mO4IFaUmGof_Yl=
9MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&m=3DrUj2gKHMZWCrQ9KHY5EkKbxz7AHDisrMrxzD0ulIvIQ&=
s=3DN2evWo9Rna1i4TNCAVyYZsk147uAge1pINxJwpleSCo&e=3D=20=0A=0A=0AAlthough th=
e buying, selling, and trading of fossils has been a principle=0Apart of pa=
leontological practice over the centuries, the commercial=0Acollection of f=
ossils today has re-emerged into a pervasive and lucrative=0Aindustry. In t=
he United States, the number of commercial companies driving=0Athe legal, a=
nd sometimes illegal, selling of fossils is estimated to have=0Adoubled sin=
ce the 1980s, and worries from academic paleontologists over=0Athis issue h=
as increased accordingly. Indeed, some view the=0Acommercialization of foss=
ils as one of the greatest threats to paleontology=0Atoday. In this article=
, I address the story of "Sue"--the largest, most=0Acomplete, and most expe=
nsive Tyrannosaurus rex ever excavated=E2=80=94whose=0Adiscovery incited a =
series of high-profile legal battles throughout the=0A1990s over the questi=
on of "Who owns Sue?" Over the course of a decade,=0Avarious stakeholders f=
rom academic paleontologists and fossil dealers to=0ANative Americans, priv=
ate citizens, and government officials all laid claim=0Ato Sue. In explorin=
g this case, I argue that assumptions of authority are=0Aresponsible for in=
itiating and sustaining debates over fossil access. Here,=0Aassumptions of =
authority are understood as assumptions of ownership, or=0Aexpertise, or in=
 some cases both. Viewing the story from this perspective=0Ailluminates the=
 significance of fossils as boundary objects. It also=0Ahighlights the proc=
ess of boundary-work by which individuals and groups=0Aconstructed or decon=
structed borders around Sue (specifically) and fossil=0Aaccess (more genera=
lly) to establish their own authority. I draw on science=0Astudies scholars=
hip as well as literature in the professionalization,=0Acommercialization, =
and valuation of science to examine how assumptions of=0Aauthority facilita=
ted one of the most divisive episodes in recent=0Apaleontological history a=
nd the broader debate on the commercial collection=0Aof vertebrate fossil m=
aterial in the United Sates.=0A=

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<div dir=3D"ltr"><br><div>Ben Creisler</div><div><a href=3D"mailto:bcreisle=
[email protected]">[email protected]</a></div><div><br></div><div>A recent pape=
r with free pdf:</div><div><br></div><div>Elizabeth D. Jones (2019)<br>Assu=
mptions of authority: the story of Sue the T-rex and controversy over acces=
s to fossils.<br>History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences 42, Article nu=
mber: 2<br>DOI: <a href=3D"https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=3Dhtt=
ps-3A__doi.org_10.1007_s40656-2D019-2D0288-2D4&amp;d=3DDwMFaQ&amp;c=3DclK7k=
QUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&amp;r=3DRy_mO4IFaUmGof_Yl9MyZgecRCKH=
n5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&amp;m=3DrUj2gKHMZWCrQ9KHY5EkKbxz7AHDisrMrxzD0ulIvIQ&amp;s=
=3DOzfwXtu-6CNRG64brFQ-eMgnPxuYaNJzj2qzUaVlp6s&amp;e=3D">https://doi.org/10=
.1007/s40656-019-0288-4</a><br><a href=3D"https://urldefense.proofpoint.com=
/v2/url?u=3Dhttps-3A__link.springer.com_article_10.1007_s40656-2D019-2D0288=
-2D4&amp;d=3DDwMFaQ&amp;c=3DclK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&amp=
;r=3DRy_mO4IFaUmGof_Yl9MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&amp;m=3DrUj2gKHMZWCrQ9KHY5=
EkKbxz7AHDisrMrxzD0ulIvIQ&amp;s=3D9mSV2SiFQtHxKMNzA4YVFMSZIP5BqzU0m_ahiIHmK=
uc&amp;e=3D">https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40656-019-0288-4</a=
></div><div><br>Free pdf:<br><a href=3D"https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v=
2/url?u=3Dhttps-3A__link.springer.com_content_pdf_10.1007_s40656-2D019-2D02=
88-2D4.pdf&amp;d=3DDwMFaQ&amp;c=3DclK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_=
gI&amp;r=3DRy_mO4IFaUmGof_Yl9MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&amp;m=3DrUj2gKHMZWCr=
Q9KHY5EkKbxz7AHDisrMrxzD0ulIvIQ&amp;s=3DN2evWo9Rna1i4TNCAVyYZsk147uAge1pINx=
JwpleSCo&amp;e=3D">https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40656-019=
-0288-4.pdf</a><br><br><br>Although the buying, selling, and trading of fos=
sils has been a principle part of paleontological practice over the centuri=
es, the commercial collection of fossils today has re-emerged into a pervas=
ive and lucrative industry. In the United States, the number of commercial =
companies driving the legal, and sometimes illegal, selling of fossils is e=
stimated to have doubled since the 1980s, and worries from academic paleont=
ologists over this issue has increased accordingly. Indeed, some view the c=
ommercialization of fossils as one of the greatest threats to paleontology =
today. In this article, I address the story of &quot;Sue&quot;--the largest=
, most complete, and most expensive Tyrannosaurus rex ever excavated=E2=80=
=94whose discovery incited a series of high-profile legal battles throughou=
t the 1990s over the question of &quot;Who owns Sue?&quot; Over the course =
of a decade, various stakeholders from academic paleontologists and fossil =
dealers to Native Americans, private citizens, and government officials all=
 laid claim to Sue. In exploring this case, I argue that assumptions of aut=
hority are responsible for initiating and sustaining debates over fossil ac=
cess. Here, assumptions of authority are understood as assumptions of owner=
ship, or expertise, or in some cases both. Viewing the story from this pers=
pective illuminates the significance of fossils as boundary objects. It als=
o highlights the process of boundary-work by which individuals and groups c=
onstructed or deconstructed borders around Sue (specifically) and fossil ac=
cess (more generally) to establish their own authority. I draw on science s=
tudies scholarship as well as literature in the professionalization, commer=
cialization, and valuation of science to examine how assumptions of authori=
ty facilitated one of the most divisive episodes in recent paleontological =
history and the broader debate on the commercial collection of vertebrate f=
ossil material in the United Sates.<br><br></div></div>=0A=

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