SF.net SVN: docutils:[9530 ] trunk/docutils

milde--- via Docutils-checkins <[email protected]>
Newsgroups gmane.text.docutils.cvs
Message-ID <[email protected]>
Revision: 9530
          http://sourceforge.net/p/docutils/code/9530
Author:   milde
Date:     2024-02-01 13:03:02 +0000 (Thu, 01 Feb 2024)
Log Message:
-----------
MathML elements: `toprettyxml()`: close empty elements on the same line.

Makes MathML output shorter and similar to `xml.etree`.

Modified Paths:
--------------
    trunk/docutils/docutils/utils/math/mathml_elements.py
    trunk/docutils/test/functional/expected/buggy_mathml.html
    trunk/docutils/test/functional/expected/math_experiments_mathml_.html
    trunk/docutils/test/functional/expected/math_output_mathml.html
    trunk/docutils/test/functional/expected/mathematics_mathml_.html

Modified: trunk/docutils/docutils/utils/math/mathml_elements.py
===================================================================
--- trunk/docutils/docutils/utils/math/mathml_elements.py	2024-02-01 13:02:51 UTC (rev 9529)
+++ trunk/docutils/docutils/utils/math/mathml_elements.py	2024-02-01 13:03:02 UTC (rev 9530)
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@
         >>> math(CLASS='test', level=3, split=True)
         math(class='test', level='3', split='true')
         >>> math(CLASS='test', level=3, split=True).toprettyxml()
-        '<math class="test" level="3" split="true">\n</math>'
+        '<math class="test" level="3" split="true"></math>'
 
         """
         self.attrib = {k.lower(): self.a_str(v)
@@ -229,7 +229,8 @@
         for child in self.children:
             xml.extend(['\n', '  ' * (level+1)])
             xml.extend(child._xml(level+1))
-        xml.extend(['\n', '  ' * level])
+        if self.children:
+            xml.extend(['\n', '  ' * level])
         return xml
 
 # >>> n2 = math(mn(2))
@@ -245,7 +246,7 @@
 # >>> eq3
 # math(id='eq3', display='block')
 # >>> eq3.toprettyxml()
-# '<math id="eq3" display="block">\n</math>'
+# '<math id="eq3" display="block"></math>'
 # >>> len(eq3)
 # 0
 # >>> math(CLASS='bold').xml_starttag()
@@ -391,7 +392,7 @@
     nchildren = 0
 
 # >>> mspace(width='2em').toprettyxml()
-# '<mspace width="2em">\n</mspace>'
+# '<mspace width="2em"></mspace>'
 # >>> mspace(mn(3))
 # Traceback (most recent call last):
 # ...
@@ -568,4 +569,4 @@
 
 # >>> t = mtable(displaystyle=True)
 # >>> math(t).toprettyxml()
-# '<math>\n  <mtable displaystyle="true">\n  </mtable>\n</math>'
+# '<math>\n  <mtable displaystyle="true"></mtable>\n</math>'

Modified: trunk/docutils/test/functional/expected/buggy_mathml.html
===================================================================
--- trunk/docutils/test/functional/expected/buggy_mathml.html	2024-02-01 13:02:51 UTC (rev 9529)
+++ trunk/docutils/test/functional/expected/buggy_mathml.html	2024-02-01 13:03:02 UTC (rev 9530)
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@
 </pre>
 <aside class="system-message">
 <p class="system-message-title">System Message: WARNING/2 (<span class="docutils literal">buggy-maths</span>, line 15)</p>
-<p>Unknown LaTeX command &quot;\phy&quot;.</p>
+<p>No insertion point for &quot; \phy \, d\gamma&quot;. Unbalanced braces in &quot;\int_{-\infty} 3 \sin x}&quot;?</p>
 </aside>
 <aside class="sidebar">
 <p class="sidebar-title">nebenbemerkung</p>
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@
 <p>noch was <span class="math problematic">\sqrt[2]</span></p>
 <aside class="system-message">
 <p class="system-message-title">System Message: WARNING/2 (<span class="docutils literal">buggy-maths</span>, line 19)</p>
-<p>Node &lt;mroot&gt; misses children. Incomplete source?</p>
+<p>Last node missing children. Source incomplete?</p>
 </aside>
 </aside>
 <pre class="math problematic">
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@
 </pre>
 <aside class="system-message">
 <p class="system-message-title">System Message: WARNING/2 (<span class="docutils literal">buggy-maths</span>, line 21)</p>
-<p>Node &lt;mroot&gt; misses children. Incomplete source?</p>
+<p>Last node missing children. Source incomplete?</p>
 </aside>
 <p>2-zeilig mit align:</p>
 <div>
@@ -90,8 +90,7 @@
         <mo>+</mo>
         <mn>3</mn>
       </mtd>
-      <mtd>
-      </mtd>
+      <mtd></mtd>
     </mtr>
   </mtable>
 </math>

Modified: trunk/docutils/test/functional/expected/math_experiments_mathml_.html
===================================================================
--- trunk/docutils/test/functional/expected/math_experiments_mathml_.html	2024-02-01 13:02:51 UTC (rev 9529)
+++ trunk/docutils/test/functional/expected/math_experiments_mathml_.html	2024-02-01 13:03:02 UTC (rev 9530)
@@ -34,8 +34,7 @@
   <mo>≈</mo>
   <mn>3</mn>
   <mi class="capital-greek">Γ</mi>
-  <mspace width="1em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="1em"></mspace>
   <mi>∀</mi>
   <mi>x</mi>
   <mo>∈</mo>
@@ -59,8 +58,7 @@
     <mo>≈</mo>
     <mn>𝟛</mn>
     <mi class="capital-greek">ℾ</mi>
-    <mspace width="1em">
-    </mspace>
+    <mspace width="1em"></mspace>
     <mi>∀</mi>
     <mi>𝕩</mi>
     <mo>∈</mo>
@@ -85,8 +83,7 @@
     <mo>≈</mo>
     <mn>𝟑</mn>
     <mi class="capital-greek">𝚪</mi>
-    <mspace width="1em">
-    </mspace>
+    <mspace width="1em"></mspace>
     <mi>∀</mi>
     <mi>𝐱</mi>
     <mo>∈</mo>
@@ -111,8 +108,7 @@
     <mo>≈</mo>
     <mn>3</mn>
     <mi class="capital-greek">𝜞</mi>
-    <mspace width="1em">
-    </mspace>
+    <mspace width="1em"></mspace>
     <mi>∀</mi>
     <mi>𝒙</mi>
     <mo>∈</mo>
@@ -137,8 +133,7 @@
     <mo>≈</mo>
     <mn>3</mn>
     <mi class="capital-greek">Γ</mi>
-    <mspace width="1em">
-    </mspace>
+    <mspace width="1em"></mspace>
     <mi>∀</mi>
     <mi>𝓍</mi>
     <mo>∈</mo>
@@ -163,8 +158,7 @@
     <mo>≈</mo>
     <mn>3</mn>
     <mi class="capital-greek">𝛤</mi>
-    <mspace width="1em">
-    </mspace>
+    <mspace width="1em"></mspace>
     <mi>∀</mi>
     <mi>𝑥</mi>
     <mo>∈</mo>
@@ -189,8 +183,7 @@
     <mo>≈</mo>
     <mn>3</mn>
     <mi class="capital-greek" mathvariant="normal">Γ</mi>
-    <mspace width="1em">
-    </mspace>
+    <mspace width="1em"></mspace>
     <mi>∀</mi>
     <mi mathvariant="normal">x</mi>
     <mo>∈</mo>
@@ -215,8 +208,7 @@
     <mo>≈</mo>
     <mn>3</mn>
     <mi class="capital-greek">Γ</mi>
-    <mspace width="1em">
-    </mspace>
+    <mspace width="1em"></mspace>
     <mi>∀</mi>
     <mi>𝓍</mi>
     <mo>∈</mo>
@@ -241,8 +233,7 @@
     <mo>≈</mo>
     <mn>𝟥</mn>
     <mi class="capital-greek">Γ</mi>
-    <mspace width="1em">
-    </mspace>
+    <mspace width="1em"></mspace>
     <mi>∀</mi>
     <mi>𝗑</mi>
     <mo>∈</mo>
@@ -267,8 +258,7 @@
     <mo>≈</mo>
     <mn>3</mn>
     <mi class="capital-greek">𝞒</mi>
-    <mspace width="1em">
-    </mspace>
+    <mspace width="1em"></mspace>
     <mi>∀</mi>
     <mi>𝙭</mi>
     <mo>∈</mo>
@@ -293,8 +283,7 @@
     <mo>≈</mo>
     <mn>3</mn>
     <mi class="capital-greek">Γ</mi>
-    <mspace width="1em">
-    </mspace>
+    <mspace width="1em"></mspace>
     <mi>∀</mi>
     <mi>𝘹</mi>
     <mo>∈</mo>
@@ -319,8 +308,7 @@
     <mo>≈</mo>
     <mn>𝟹</mn>
     <mi class="capital-greek">Γ</mi>
-    <mspace width="1em">
-    </mspace>
+    <mspace width="1em"></mspace>
     <mi>∀</mi>
     <mi>𝚡</mi>
     <mo>∈</mo>
@@ -379,8 +367,7 @@
   <mo>+</mo>
   <mi>x</mi>
   <mo>,</mo>
-  <mspace width="1em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="1em"></mspace>
   <mi>b</mi>
   <mo>=</mo>
   <msqrt>
@@ -392,8 +379,7 @@
     </msup>
   </msqrt>
   <mo>,</mo>
-  <mspace width="1em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="1em"></mspace>
   <mi>c</mi>
   <mo>=</mo>
   <msqrt>
@@ -547,7 +533,8 @@
 <p>tex-token returns &quot;{&quot; for nested groups:</p>
 <div>
 <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block">
-  <mtext>das ist ein {toller} text (unescaped \{ and \} is ignored by LaTeX)</mtext>
+  <mtext>das ist ein  {toller} text (unescaped \{ and \} is
+ignored by LaTeX)</mtext>
 </math>
 </div>
 </section>
@@ -1131,78 +1118,67 @@
     <mi>b</mi>
     <mo>)</mo>
   </mrow>
-  <mspace width="0.25em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="0.25em"></mspace>
   <mrow>
     <mo maxsize="1.2em" minsize="1.2em" symmetric="true">(</mo>
     <mi>b</mi>
     <mo maxsize="1.623em" minsize="1.623em" symmetric="true">)</mo>
   </mrow>
-  <mspace width="0.25em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="0.25em"></mspace>
   <mrow>
     <mo maxsize="2.047em" minsize="2.047em" symmetric="true">(</mo>
     <mi>b</mi>
     <mo maxsize="2.470em" minsize="2.470em" symmetric="true">)</mo>
   </mrow>
-  <mspace width="1em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="1em"></mspace>
   <mrow>
     <mo stretchy="false">[</mo>
     <mi>b</mi>
     <mo>]</mo>
   </mrow>
-  <mspace width="0.25em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="0.25em"></mspace>
   <mrow>
     <mo maxsize="1.2em" minsize="1.2em" symmetric="true">[</mo>
     <mi>b</mi>
     <mo maxsize="1.623em" minsize="1.623em" symmetric="true">]</mo>
   </mrow>
-  <mspace width="0.25em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="0.25em"></mspace>
   <mrow>
     <mo maxsize="2.047em" minsize="2.047em" symmetric="true">[</mo>
     <mi>b</mi>
     <mo maxsize="2.470em" minsize="2.470em" symmetric="true">]</mo>
   </mrow>
-  <mspace width="1em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="1em"></mspace>
   <mrow>
     <mo>{</mo>
     <mi>b</mi>
     <mo>}</mo>
   </mrow>
-  <mspace width="0.25em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="0.25em"></mspace>
   <mrow>
     <mo maxsize="1.2em" minsize="1.2em" symmetric="true">{</mo>
     <mi>b</mi>
     <mo maxsize="1.623em" minsize="1.623em" symmetric="true">}</mo>
   </mrow>
-  <mspace width="0.25em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="0.25em"></mspace>
   <mrow>
     <mo maxsize="2.047em" minsize="2.047em" symmetric="true">{</mo>
     <mi>b</mi>
     <mo maxsize="2.470em" minsize="2.470em" symmetric="true">}</mo>
   </mrow>
-  <mspace width="1em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="1em"></mspace>
   <mrow>
     <mo>⟨</mo>
     <mi>b</mi>
     <mo>⟩</mo>
   </mrow>
-  <mspace width="0.25em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="0.25em"></mspace>
   <mrow>
     <mo maxsize="1.2em" minsize="1.2em" symmetric="true">⟨</mo>
     <mi>b</mi>
     <mo maxsize="1.623em" minsize="1.623em" symmetric="true">⟩</mo>
   </mrow>
-  <mspace width="0.25em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="0.25em"></mspace>
   <mrow>
     <mo maxsize="2.047em" minsize="2.047em" symmetric="true">⟨</mo>
     <mi>b</mi>
@@ -1217,78 +1193,67 @@
     <mi>b</mi>
     <mo>⌉</mo>
   </mrow>
-  <mspace width="0.25em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="0.25em"></mspace>
   <mrow>
     <mo maxsize="1.2em" minsize="1.2em" symmetric="true">⌈</mo>
     <mi>b</mi>
     <mo maxsize="1.623em" minsize="1.623em" symmetric="true">⌉</mo>
   </mrow>
-  <mspace width="0.25em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="0.25em"></mspace>
   <mrow>
     <mo maxsize="2.047em" minsize="2.047em" symmetric="true">⌈</mo>
     <mi>b</mi>
     <mo maxsize="2.470em" minsize="2.470em" symmetric="true">⌉</mo>
   </mrow>
-  <mspace width="1em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="1em"></mspace>
   <mrow>
     <mo>⌊</mo>
     <mi>b</mi>
     <mo>⌋</mo>
   </mrow>
-  <mspace width="0.25em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="0.25em"></mspace>
   <mrow>
     <mo maxsize="1.2em" minsize="1.2em" symmetric="true">⌊</mo>
     <mi>b</mi>
     <mo maxsize="1.623em" minsize="1.623em" symmetric="true">⌋</mo>
   </mrow>
-  <mspace width="0.25em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="0.25em"></mspace>
   <mrow>
     <mo maxsize="2.047em" minsize="2.047em" symmetric="true">⌊</mo>
     <mi>b</mi>
     <mo maxsize="2.470em" minsize="2.470em" symmetric="true">⌋</mo>
   </mrow>
-  <mspace width="1em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="1em"></mspace>
   <mrow>
     <mo class="mathopen">|</mo>
     <mi>b</mi>
     <mo>|</mo>
   </mrow>
-  <mspace width="0.25em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="0.25em"></mspace>
   <mrow>
     <mo maxsize="1.2em" minsize="1.2em" symmetric="true">|</mo>
     <mi>b</mi>
     <mo maxsize="1.623em" minsize="1.623em" symmetric="true">|</mo>
   </mrow>
-  <mspace width="0.25em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="0.25em"></mspace>
   <mrow>
     <mo maxsize="2.047em" minsize="2.047em" symmetric="true">|</mo>
     <mi>b</mi>
     <mo maxsize="2.470em" minsize="2.470em" symmetric="true">|</mo>
   </mrow>
-  <mspace width="1em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="1em"></mspace>
   <mrow>
     <mo class="mathopen">‖</mo>
     <mi>b</mi>
     <mo>‖</mo>
   </mrow>
-  <mspace width="0.25em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="0.25em"></mspace>
   <mrow>
     <mo maxsize="1.2em" minsize="1.2em" symmetric="true">‖</mo>
     <mi>b</mi>
     <mo maxsize="1.623em" minsize="1.623em" symmetric="true">‖</mo>
   </mrow>
-  <mspace width="0.25em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="0.25em"></mspace>
   <mrow>
     <mo maxsize="2.047em" minsize="2.047em" symmetric="true">‖</mo>
     <mi>b</mi>
@@ -1303,57 +1268,49 @@
     <mi>b</mi>
     <mo>⟯</mo>
   </mrow>
-  <mspace width="0.25em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="0.25em"></mspace>
   <mrow>
     <mo maxsize="1.2em" minsize="1.2em" symmetric="true">⟮</mo>
     <mi>b</mi>
     <mo maxsize="1.623em" minsize="1.623em" symmetric="true">⟯</mo>
   </mrow>
-  <mspace width="0.25em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="0.25em"></mspace>
   <mrow>
     <mo maxsize="2.047em" minsize="2.047em" symmetric="true">⟮</mo>
     <mi>b</mi>
     <mo maxsize="2.470em" minsize="2.470em" symmetric="true">⟯</mo>
   </mrow>
-  <mspace width="1em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="1em"></mspace>
   <mrow>
     <mi>⎰</mi>
     <mi>b</mi>
     <mo>⎱</mo>
   </mrow>
-  <mspace width="0.25em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="0.25em"></mspace>
   <mrow>
     <mo maxsize="1.2em" minsize="1.2em" symmetric="true">⎰</mo>
     <mi>b</mi>
     <mo maxsize="1.623em" minsize="1.623em" symmetric="true">⎱</mo>
   </mrow>
-  <mspace width="0.25em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="0.25em"></mspace>
   <mrow>
     <mo maxsize="2.047em" minsize="2.047em" symmetric="true">⎰</mo>
     <mi>b</mi>
     <mo maxsize="2.470em" minsize="2.470em" symmetric="true">⎱</mo>
   </mrow>
-  <mspace width="1em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="1em"></mspace>
   <mrow>
     <mo stretchy="false">/</mo>
     <mi>b</mi>
     <mo>\</mo>
   </mrow>
-  <mspace width="0.25em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="0.25em"></mspace>
   <mrow>
     <mo maxsize="1.2em" minsize="1.2em" symmetric="true">/</mo>
     <mi>b</mi>
     <mo maxsize="1.623em" minsize="1.623em" symmetric="true">\</mo>
   </mrow>
-  <mspace width="0.25em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="0.25em"></mspace>
   <mrow>
     <mo maxsize="2.047em" minsize="2.047em" symmetric="true">/</mo>
     <mi>b</mi>
@@ -1369,78 +1326,67 @@
     <mi>b</mi>
     <mo>|</mo>
   </mrow>
-  <mspace width="0.25em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="0.25em"></mspace>
   <mrow>
     <mo maxsize="1.2em" minsize="1.2em" symmetric="true">|</mo>
     <mi>b</mi>
     <mo maxsize="1.623em" minsize="1.623em" symmetric="true">|</mo>
   </mrow>
-  <mspace width="0.25em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="0.25em"></mspace>
   <mrow>
     <mo maxsize="2.047em" minsize="2.047em" symmetric="true">|</mo>
     <mi>b</mi>
     <mo maxsize="2.470em" minsize="2.470em" symmetric="true">|</mo>
   </mrow>
-  <mspace width="1em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="1em"></mspace>
   <mrow>
     <mo>|</mo>
     <mi>b</mi>
     <mo>|</mo>
   </mrow>
-  <mspace width="0.25em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="0.25em"></mspace>
   <mrow>
     <mo maxsize="1.2em" minsize="1.2em" symmetric="true">|</mo>
     <mi>b</mi>
     <mo maxsize="1.623em" minsize="1.623em" symmetric="true">|</mo>
   </mrow>
-  <mspace width="0.25em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="0.25em"></mspace>
   <mrow>
     <mo maxsize="2.047em" minsize="2.047em" symmetric="true">|</mo>
     <mi>b</mi>
     <mo maxsize="2.470em" minsize="2.470em" symmetric="true">|</mo>
   </mrow>
-  <mspace width="1em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="1em"></mspace>
   <mrow>
     <mo>‖</mo>
     <mi>b</mi>
     <mo>‖</mo>
   </mrow>
-  <mspace width="0.25em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="0.25em"></mspace>
   <mrow>
     <mo maxsize="1.2em" minsize="1.2em" symmetric="true">‖</mo>
     <mi>b</mi>
     <mo maxsize="1.623em" minsize="1.623em" symmetric="true">‖</mo>
   </mrow>
-  <mspace width="0.25em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="0.25em"></mspace>
   <mrow>
     <mo maxsize="2.047em" minsize="2.047em" symmetric="true">‖</mo>
     <mi>b</mi>
     <mo maxsize="2.470em" minsize="2.470em" symmetric="true">‖</mo>
   </mrow>
-  <mspace width="1em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="1em"></mspace>
   <mrow>
     <mo>‖</mo>
     <mi>b</mi>
     <mo>‖</mo>
   </mrow>
-  <mspace width="0.25em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="0.25em"></mspace>
   <mrow>
     <mo maxsize="1.2em" minsize="1.2em" symmetric="true">‖</mo>
     <mi>b</mi>
     <mo maxsize="1.623em" minsize="1.623em" symmetric="true">‖</mo>
   </mrow>
-  <mspace width="0.25em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="0.25em"></mspace>
   <mrow>
     <mo maxsize="2.047em" minsize="2.047em" symmetric="true">‖</mo>
     <mi>b</mi>
@@ -1455,57 +1401,49 @@
     <mi>b</mi>
     <mo>⏐</mo>
   </mrow>
-  <mspace width="0.25em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="0.25em"></mspace>
   <mrow>
     <mo maxsize="1.2em" minsize="1.2em" symmetric="true">⏐</mo>
     <mi>b</mi>
     <mo maxsize="1.623em" minsize="1.623em" symmetric="true">⏐</mo>
   </mrow>
-  <mspace width="0.25em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="0.25em"></mspace>
   <mrow>
     <mo maxsize="2.047em" minsize="2.047em" symmetric="true">⏐</mo>
     <mi>b</mi>
     <mo maxsize="2.470em" minsize="2.470em" symmetric="true">⏐</mo>
   </mrow>
-  <mspace width="1em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="1em"></mspace>
   <mrow>
     <mo>‖</mo>
     <mi>b</mi>
     <mo>‖</mo>
   </mrow>
-  <mspace width="0.25em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="0.25em"></mspace>
   <mrow>
     <mo maxsize="1.2em" minsize="1.2em" symmetric="true">‖</mo>
     <mi>b</mi>
     <mo maxsize="1.623em" minsize="1.623em" symmetric="true">‖</mo>
   </mrow>
-  <mspace width="0.25em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="0.25em"></mspace>
   <mrow>
     <mo maxsize="2.047em" minsize="2.047em" symmetric="true">‖</mo>
     <mi>b</mi>
     <mo maxsize="2.470em" minsize="2.470em" symmetric="true">‖</mo>
   </mrow>
-  <mspace width="1em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="1em"></mspace>
   <mrow>
     <mi>⎪</mi>
     <mi>b</mi>
     <mo>⎪</mo>
   </mrow>
-  <mspace width="0.25em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="0.25em"></mspace>
   <mrow>
     <mo maxsize="1.2em" minsize="1.2em" symmetric="true">⎪</mo>
     <mi>b</mi>
     <mo maxsize="1.623em" minsize="1.623em" symmetric="true">⎪</mo>
   </mrow>
-  <mspace width="0.25em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="0.25em"></mspace>
   <mrow>
     <mo maxsize="2.047em" minsize="2.047em" symmetric="true">⎪</mo>
     <mi>b</mi>
@@ -1516,119 +1454,84 @@
 <p>Variable-sized operators:</p>
 <p>Inline: <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
   <mo>∫</mo>
-  <mspace width="0.25em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="0.25em"></mspace>
   <mo>∬</mo>
-  <mspace width="0.25em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="0.25em"></mspace>
   <mo>∭</mo>
-  <mspace width="0.25em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="0.25em"></mspace>
   <mo>⨌</mo>
-  <mspace width="0.25em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="0.25em"></mspace>
   <mo>∫</mo>
   <mo>⋯</mo>
   <mo>∫</mo>
   <mo>∮</mo>
-  <mspace width="0.25em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="0.25em"></mspace>
   <mo mathsize="75%">∫</mo>
-  <mspace width="0.25em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="0.25em"></mspace>
   <mo>∑</mo>
-  <mspace width="0.25em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="0.25em"></mspace>
   <mo>∏</mo>
-  <mspace width="0.25em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="0.25em"></mspace>
   <mo>∐</mo>
-  <mspace width="0.25em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="0.25em"></mspace>
   <mo>⋀</mo>
-  <mspace width="0.25em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="0.25em"></mspace>
   <mo>⋁</mo>
-  <mspace width="0.25em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="0.25em"></mspace>
   <mo>⋂</mo>
-  <mspace width="0.25em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="0.25em"></mspace>
   <mo>⋃</mo>
-  <mspace width="0.25em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="0.25em"></mspace>
   <mo>⨄</mo>
-  <mspace width="0.25em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="0.25em"></mspace>
   <mo>⨆</mo>
-  <mspace width="0.25em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="0.25em"></mspace>
   <mo>⨀</mo>
-  <mspace width="0.25em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="0.25em"></mspace>
   <mo>⨁</mo>
-  <mspace width="0.25em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="0.25em"></mspace>
   <mo>⨂</mo>
 </math> and Display:</p>
 <div>
 <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block">
   <mo>∫</mo>
-  <mspace width="0.25em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="0.25em"></mspace>
   <mo>∬</mo>
-  <mspace width="0.25em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="0.25em"></mspace>
   <mo>∭</mo>
-  <mspace width="0.25em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="0.25em"></mspace>
   <mo>⨌</mo>
-  <mspace width="0.25em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="0.25em"></mspace>
   <mo>∫</mo>
   <mo>⋯</mo>
   <mo>∫</mo>
-  <mspace width="0.25em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="0.25em"></mspace>
   <mo>∮</mo>
-  <mspace width="0.25em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="0.25em"></mspace>
   <mo mathsize="75%">∫</mo>
-  <mspace width="0.25em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="0.25em"></mspace>
   <mo>∑</mo>
-  <mspace width="0.25em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="0.25em"></mspace>
   <mo>∏</mo>
-  <mspace width="0.25em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="0.25em"></mspace>
   <mo>∐</mo>
-  <mspace width="0.25em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="0.25em"></mspace>
   <mo>⋀</mo>
-  <mspace width="0.25em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="0.25em"></mspace>
   <mo>⋁</mo>
-  <mspace width="0.25em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="0.25em"></mspace>
   <mo>⋂</mo>
-  <mspace width="0.25em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="0.25em"></mspace>
   <mo>⋃</mo>
-  <mspace width="0.25em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="0.25em"></mspace>
   <mo>⨄</mo>
-  <mspace width="0.25em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="0.25em"></mspace>
   <mo>⨆</mo>
-  <mspace width="0.25em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="0.25em"></mspace>
   <mo>⨀</mo>
-  <mspace width="0.25em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="0.25em"></mspace>
   <mo>⨁</mo>
-  <mspace width="0.25em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="0.25em"></mspace>
   <mo>⨂</mo>
 </math>
 </div>
@@ -1639,125 +1542,105 @@
     <mn>1</mn>
   </msub>
   <mi>f</mi>
-  <mspace width="0.25em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="0.25em"></mspace>
   <munder>
     <mo movablelimits="true">∫</mo>
     <mn>1</mn>
   </munder>
   <mi>f</mi>
-  <mspace width="0.25em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="0.25em"></mspace>
   <msub>
     <mo>∬</mo>
     <mn>1</mn>
   </msub>
   <mi>f</mi>
-  <mspace width="0.25em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="0.25em"></mspace>
   <msub>
     <mo mathsize="75%">∫</mo>
     <mn>1</mn>
   </msub>
   <mi>f</mi>
-  <mspace width="0.25em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="0.25em"></mspace>
   <munder>
     <mo movablelimits="true">∑</mo>
     <mn>1</mn>
   </munder>
-  <mspace width="0.25em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="0.25em"></mspace>
   <munder>
     <mo movablelimits="true">∏</mo>
     <mn>1</mn>
   </munder>
-  <mspace width="0.25em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="0.25em"></mspace>
   <munder>
     <mo movablelimits="true">⋀</mo>
     <mn>1</mn>
   </munder>
-  <mspace width="0.25em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="0.25em"></mspace>
   <munder>
     <mo movablelimits="true">⋂</mo>
     <mn>1</mn>
   </munder>
-  <mspace width="0.25em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="0.25em"></mspace>
   <munder>
     <mo movablelimits="true">⨄</mo>
     <mn>1</mn>
   </munder>
-  <mspace width="0.25em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="0.25em"></mspace>
   <munder>
     <mo movablelimits="true">⨀</mo>
     <mn>1</mn>
   </munder>
-  <mspace width="0.25em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="0.25em"></mspace>
   <msup>
     <mo>∫</mo>
     <mi>N</mi>
   </msup>
-  <mspace width="0.25em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="0.25em"></mspace>
   <mover>
     <mo movablelimits="true">∫</mo>
     <mi>N</mi>
   </mover>
-  <mspace width="0.25em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="0.25em"></mspace>
   <msup>
     <mo>⨌</mo>
     <mi>N</mi>
   </msup>
-  <mspace width="0.25em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="0.25em"></mspace>
   <msup>
     <mo>∮</mo>
     <mi>N</mi>
   </msup>
-  <mspace width="0.25em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="0.25em"></mspace>
   <msup>
     <mo mathsize="75%">∫</mo>
     <mi>N</mi>
   </msup>
-  <mspace width="0.25em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="0.25em"></mspace>
   <mover>
     <mo movablelimits="true">∑</mo>
     <mi>N</mi>
   </mover>
-  <mspace width="0.25em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="0.25em"></mspace>
   <mover>
     <mo movablelimits="true">∐</mo>
     <mi>N</mi>
   </mover>
-  <mspace width="0.25em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="0.25em"></mspace>
   <mover>
     <mo movablelimits="true">⋁</mo>
     <mi>N</mi>
   </mover>
-  <mspace width="0.25em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="0.25em"></mspace>
   <mover>
     <mo movablelimits="true">⋃</mo>
     <mi>N</mi>
   </mover>
-  <mspace width="0.25em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="0.25em"></mspace>
   <mover>
     <mo movablelimits="true">⨆</mo>
     <mi>N</mi>
   </mover>
-  <mspace width="0.25em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="0.25em"></mspace>
   <mover>
     <mo movablelimits="true">⨂</mo>
     <mi>N</mi>
@@ -1771,36 +1654,31 @@
     <mn>1</mn>
     <mi>N</mi>
   </msubsup>
-  <mspace width="0.25em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="0.25em"></mspace>
   <munderover>
     <mo movablelimits="true">∫</mo>
     <mn>1</mn>
     <mi>N</mi>
   </munderover>
-  <mspace width="0.25em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="0.25em"></mspace>
   <msubsup>
     <mo>∬</mo>
     <mn>1</mn>
     <mi>N</mi>
   </msubsup>
-  <mspace width="0.25em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="0.25em"></mspace>
   <msubsup>
     <mo>∭</mo>
     <mn>1</mn>
     <mi>N</mi>
   </msubsup>
-  <mspace width="0.25em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="0.25em"></mspace>
   <msubsup>
     <mo>⨌</mo>
     <mn>1</mn>
     <mi>N</mi>
   </msubsup>
-  <mspace width="0.25em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="0.25em"></mspace>
   <mo>∫</mo>
   <mo>⋯</mo>
   <msubsup>
@@ -1808,99 +1686,85 @@
     <mn>1</mn>
     <mi>N</mi>
   </msubsup>
-  <mspace width="0.25em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="0.25em"></mspace>
   <msubsup>
     <mo>∮</mo>
     <mn>1</mn>
     <mi>N</mi>
   </msubsup>
-  <mspace width="0.25em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="0.25em"></mspace>
   <msubsup>
     <mo mathsize="75%">∫</mo>
     <mn>1</mn>
     <mi>N</mi>
   </msubsup>
-  <mspace width="0.25em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="0.25em"></mspace>
   <munderover>
     <mo movablelimits="true">∑</mo>
     <mn>1</mn>
     <mi>N</mi>
   </munderover>
-  <mspace width="0.25em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="0.25em"></mspace>
   <munderover>
     <mo movablelimits="true">∏</mo>
     <mn>1</mn>
     <mi>N</mi>
   </munderover>
-  <mspace width="0.25em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="0.25em"></mspace>
   <munderover>
     <mo movablelimits="true">∐</mo>
     <mn>1</mn>
     <mi>N</mi>
   </munderover>
-  <mspace width="0.25em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="0.25em"></mspace>
   <munderover>
     <mo movablelimits="true">⋀</mo>
     <mn>1</mn>
     <mi>N</mi>
   </munderover>
-  <mspace width="0.25em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="0.25em"></mspace>
   <munderover>
     <mo movablelimits="true">⋁</mo>
     <mn>1</mn>
     <mi>N</mi>
   </munderover>
-  <mspace width="0.25em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="0.25em"></mspace>
   <munderover>
     <mo movablelimits="true">⋂</mo>
     <mn>1</mn>
     <mi>N</mi>
   </munderover>
-  <mspace width="0.25em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="0.25em"></mspace>
   <munderover>
     <mo movablelimits="true">⋃</mo>
     <mn>1</mn>
     <mi>N</mi>
   </munderover>
-  <mspace width="0.25em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="0.25em"></mspace>
   <munderover>
     <mo movablelimits="true">⨄</mo>
     <mn>1</mn>
     <mi>N</mi>
   </munderover>
-  <mspace width="0.25em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="0.25em"></mspace>
   <munderover>
     <mo movablelimits="true">⨆</mo>
     <mn>1</mn>
     <mi>N</mi>
   </munderover>
-  <mspace width="0.25em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="0.25em"></mspace>
   <munderover>
     <mo movablelimits="true">⨀</mo>
     <mn>1</mn>
     <mi>N</mi>
   </munderover>
-  <mspace width="0.25em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="0.25em"></mspace>
   <munderover>
     <mo movablelimits="true">⨁</mo>
     <mn>1</mn>
     <mi>N</mi>
   </munderover>
-  <mspace width="0.25em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="0.25em"></mspace>
   <munderover>
     <mo movablelimits="true">⨂</mo>
     <mn>1</mn>

Modified: trunk/docutils/test/functional/expected/math_output_mathml.html
===================================================================
--- trunk/docutils/test/functional/expected/math_output_mathml.html	2024-02-01 13:02:51 UTC (rev 9529)
+++ trunk/docutils/test/functional/expected/math_output_mathml.html	2024-02-01 13:03:02 UTC (rev 9530)
@@ -427,9 +427,8 @@
       </mtd>
     </mtr>
     <mtr>
+      <mtd></mtd>
       <mtd>
-      </mtd>
-      <mtd>
         <mo>=</mo>
         <mo>∫</mo>
         <msub>

Modified: trunk/docutils/test/functional/expected/mathematics_mathml_.html
===================================================================
--- trunk/docutils/test/functional/expected/mathematics_mathml_.html	2024-02-01 13:02:51 UTC (rev 9529)
+++ trunk/docutils/test/functional/expected/mathematics_mathml_.html	2024-02-01 13:03:02 UTC (rev 9530)
@@ -155,8 +155,7 @@
         <mi>π</mi>
       </msqrt>
       <mrow>
-        <mspace width="0.25em">
-        </mspace>
+        <mspace width="0.25em"></mspace>
         <mi>n</mi>
       </mrow>
     </msup>
@@ -172,8 +171,7 @@
   <mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
   <mi>x</mi>
   <mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
-  <mspace width="0.1667em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="0.1667em"></mspace>
   <msup>
     <mi>e</mi>
     <mrow>
@@ -184,8 +182,7 @@
       <mi>x</mi>
     </mrow>
   </msup>
-  <mspace width="0.1667em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="0.1667em"></mspace>
   <mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi>
   <mi>x</mi>
   <mo>.</mo>
@@ -234,9 +231,8 @@
       </mtd>
     </mtr>
     <mtr>
+      <mtd></mtd>
       <mtd>
-      </mtd>
-      <mtd>
         <mo>=</mo>
         <msup>
           <mi>x</mi>
@@ -252,9 +248,8 @@
           <mn>2</mn>
         </msup>
       </mtd>
+      <mtd></mtd>
       <mtd>
-      </mtd>
-      <mtd>
         <mo>=</mo>
         <msup>
           <mi>x</mi>
@@ -319,12 +314,10 @@
         </mtd>
       </mtr>
     </mtable>
-    <mspace width="0.2778em">
-    </mspace>
+    <mspace width="0.2778em"></mspace>
     <mo>}</mo>
   </mrow>
-  <mspace width="2em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="2em"></mspace>
   <mtext>Maxwell’s equations.</mtext>
 </math>
 </div>
@@ -954,8 +947,7 @@
           <mi>n</mi>
         </mrow>
       </mfrac>
-      <mspace width="0.1667em">
-      </mspace>
+      <mspace width="0.1667em"></mspace>
       <mo>|</mo>
     </mrow>
     <mrow>
@@ -1543,35 +1535,25 @@
 letter name with <span class="docutils literal">var</span> like <span class="docutils literal">\varPhi</span>:
 <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
   <mi>𝛤</mi>
-  <mspace width="0.25em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="0.25em"></mspace>
   <mi>𝛥</mi>
-  <mspace width="0.25em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="0.25em"></mspace>
   <mi>𝛬</mi>
-  <mspace width="0.25em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="0.25em"></mspace>
   <mi>𝛷</mi>
-  <mspace width="0.25em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="0.25em"></mspace>
   <mi>𝛱</mi>
-  <mspace width="0.25em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="0.25em"></mspace>
   <mi>𝛹</mi>
-  <mspace width="0.25em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="0.25em"></mspace>
   <mi>𝛴</mi>
-  <mspace width="0.25em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="0.25em"></mspace>
   <mi>𝛩</mi>
-  <mspace width="0.25em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="0.25em"></mspace>
   <mi>𝛶</mi>
-  <mspace width="0.25em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="0.25em"></mspace>
   <mi>𝛯</mi>
-  <mspace width="0.25em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="0.25em"></mspace>
   <mi>𝛺</mi>
 </math></p>
 </section>
@@ -1875,8 +1857,7 @@
       <mo>≈</mo>
       <mn>3</mn>
       <mi class="capital-greek">Γ</mi>
-      <mspace width="1em">
-      </mspace>
+      <mspace width="1em"></mspace>
       <mi>∀</mi>
       <mi>x</mi>
       <mo>∈</mo>
@@ -3220,8 +3201,7 @@
     <mi>a</mi>
     <mi>n</mi>
   </msub>
-  <mspace width="2em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="2em"></mspace>
   <msubsup>
     <mo>∫</mo>
     <mn>0</mn>
@@ -3231,12 +3211,10 @@
   <mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
   <mi>x</mi>
   <mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
-  <mspace width="0.1667em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="0.1667em"></mspace>
   <mi>d</mi>
   <mi>x</mi>
-  <mspace width="2em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="2em"></mspace>
   <munderover>
     <mo movablelimits="true">∏</mo>
     <mrow>
@@ -3352,8 +3330,7 @@
 <p>The environments <span class="docutils literal">pmatrix</span>, <span class="docutils literal">bmatrix</span>, <span class="docutils literal">Bmatrix</span>, <span class="docutils literal">vmatrix</span>, and
 <span class="docutils literal">Vmatrix</span> have (respectively) ( ), [ ], { }, | |, and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
   <mo>‖</mo>
-  <mspace width="0.25em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="0.25em"></mspace>
   <mo>‖</mo>
 </math>
 delimiters built in, e.g.</p>
@@ -3381,8 +3358,7 @@
     </mtable>
     <mo>)</mo>
   </mrow>
-  <mspace width="2em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="2em"></mspace>
   <mrow>
     <mo>[</mo>
     <mtable>
@@ -3405,8 +3381,7 @@
     </mtable>
     <mo>]</mo>
   </mrow>
-  <mspace width="2em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="2em"></mspace>
   <mrow>
     <mo>‖</mo>
     <mtable>
@@ -3509,8 +3484,7 @@
 <tbody>
 <tr><td><p><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
   <mn>3</mn>
-  <mspace width="2em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="2em"></mspace>
   <mn>4</mn>
 </math></p></td>
 <td></td>
@@ -3519,8 +3493,7 @@
 </tr>
 <tr><td><p><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
   <mn>3</mn>
-  <mspace width="1em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="1em"></mspace>
   <mn>4</mn>
 </math></p></td>
 <td></td>
@@ -3538,8 +3511,7 @@
 </tr>
 <tr><td><p><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
   <mn>3</mn>
-  <mspace width="0.25em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="0.25em"></mspace>
   <mn>4</mn>
 </math></p></td>
 <td><p><span class="docutils literal">3\ 4</span></p></td>
@@ -3548,8 +3520,7 @@
 </tr>
 <tr><td><p><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
   <mn>3</mn>
-  <mspace width="0.2778em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="0.2778em"></mspace>
   <mn>4</mn>
 </math></p></td>
 <td><p><span class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">3\;4</span></span></p></td>
@@ -3558,8 +3529,7 @@
 </tr>
 <tr><td><p><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
   <mn>3</mn>
-  <mspace width="0.2222em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="0.2222em"></mspace>
   <mn>4</mn>
 </math></p></td>
 <td><p><span class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">3\:4</span></span></p></td>
@@ -3568,8 +3538,7 @@
 </tr>
 <tr><td><p><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
   <mn>3</mn>
-  <mspace width="0.1667em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="0.1667em"></mspace>
   <mn>4</mn>
 </math></p></td>
 <td><p><span class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">3\,4</span></span></p></td>
@@ -3586,8 +3555,7 @@
 </tr>
 <tr><td><p><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
   <mn>3</mn>
-  <mspace width="-0.1667em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="-0.1667em"></mspace>
   <mn>4</mn>
 </math></p></td>
 <td><p><span class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">3\!4</span></span></p></td>
@@ -3596,8 +3564,7 @@
 </tr>
 <tr><td><p><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
   <mn>3</mn>
-  <mspace width="-0.2222em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="-0.2222em"></mspace>
   <mn>4</mn>
 </math></p></td>
 <td></td>
@@ -3606,8 +3573,7 @@
 </tr>
 <tr><td><p><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
   <mn>3</mn>
-  <mspace width="-0.2778em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="-0.2778em"></mspace>
   <mn>4</mn>
 </math></p></td>
 <td></td>
@@ -3616,8 +3582,7 @@
 </tr>
 <tr><td><p><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
   <mn>3</mn>
-  <mspace width="1ex">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="1ex"></mspace>
   <mn>4</mn>
 </math></p></td>
 <td></td>
@@ -3626,8 +3591,7 @@
 </tr>
 <tr><td><p><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
   <mn>3</mn>
-  <mspace width="1.1111111111111112em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="1.1111111111111112em"></mspace>
   <mn>4</mn>
 </math></p></td>
 <td></td>
@@ -3711,12 +3675,10 @@
   <mi>x</mi>
   <mo>≡</mo>
   <mi>y</mi>
-  <mspace width="0.444em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="0.444em"></mspace>
   <mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
   <mi>mod</mi>
-  <mspace width="0.333em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="0.333em"></mspace>
   <mi>b</mi>
   <mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
 </math></p></td>
@@ -3727,11 +3689,9 @@
   <mi>x</mi>
   <mo>≡</mo>
   <mi>y</mi>
-  <mspace width="0.667em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="0.667em"></mspace>
   <mi>mod</mi>
-  <mspace width="0.333em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="0.333em"></mspace>
   <mi>c</mi>
 </math></p></td>
 </tr>
@@ -3741,8 +3701,7 @@
   <mi>x</mi>
   <mo>≡</mo>
   <mi>y</mi>
-  <mspace width="0.444em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="0.444em"></mspace>
   <mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
   <mi>d</mi>
   <mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
@@ -3834,7 +3793,7 @@
 <p>The command <span class="docutils literal">\boxed</span> puts a box around its argument:</p>
 <div>
 <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block">
-  <menclose notation="box">
+  <menclose notation="box" class="boxed">
     <mi>η</mi>
     <mo>≤</mo>
     <mi>C</mi>
@@ -3886,8 +3845,7 @@
       <mn>1</mn>
     </mrow>
   </mfrac>
-  <mspace width="1em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="1em"></mspace>
   <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
     <mfrac>
       <mrow>
@@ -3901,8 +3859,7 @@
         <mn>1</mn>
       </mrow>
     </mfrac>
-    <mspace width="1em">
-    </mspace>
+    <mspace width="1em"></mspace>
     <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0">
       <mfrac>
         <mrow>
@@ -4073,11 +4030,9 @@
                   </mrow>
                 </mfrac>
               </mstyle>
-              <mspace width="2em">
-              </mspace>
+              <mspace width="2em"></mspace>
               <mtext>vs.</mtext>
-              <mspace width="2em">
-              </mspace>
+              <mspace width="2em"></mspace>
               <mfrac>
                 <mi>π</mi>
                 <mn>4</mn>
@@ -4147,8 +4102,7 @@
         <mn>1</mn>
       </mrow>
     </mfrac>
-    <mspace width="1em">
-    </mspace>
+    <mspace width="1em"></mspace>
     <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0" class="cfrac">
       <mfrac>
         <mi>x</mi>
@@ -4158,8 +4112,7 @@
           <mn>1</mn>
         </mrow>
       </mfrac>
-      <mspace width="1em">
-      </mspace>
+      <mspace width="1em"></mspace>
       <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0" class="cfrac">
         <mfrac numalign="right" class="numalign-right">
           <mi>x</mi>
@@ -4441,11 +4394,9 @@
     <mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
     <mo>)</mo>
   </mrow>
-  <mspace width="1em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="1em"></mspace>
   <mtext>versus</mtext>
-  <mspace width="1em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="1em"></mspace>
   <mrow>
     <mo maxsize="1.2em" minsize="1.2em" symmetric="true">(</mo>
     <mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
@@ -4634,12 +4585,10 @@
   <mo>=</mo>
   <mn>1</mn>
   <mo>,</mo>
-  <mspace width="0.1667em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="0.1667em"></mspace>
   <mi>…</mi>
   <mo>,</mo>
-  <mspace width="0.1667em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="0.1667em"></mspace>
   <mi>c</mi>
   <mo>+</mo>
   <mn>1</mn>
@@ -4666,8 +4615,7 @@
         <mtd>
           <mo>−</mo>
           <mn>1</mn>
-          <mspace width="1em">
-          </mspace>
+          <mspace width="1em"></mspace>
           <mtext>if </mtext>
           <msub>
             <mi>n</mi>
@@ -4680,8 +4628,7 @@
         <mtd>
           <mo>+</mo>
           <mn>1</mn>
-          <mspace width="1em">
-          </mspace>
+          <mspace width="1em"></mspace>
           <mtext>if </mtext>
           <msub>
             <mi>n</mi>
@@ -4764,24 +4711,20 @@
     <mn>0</mn>
     <mn>1</mn>
   </munderover>
-  <mspace width="1em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="1em"></mspace>
   <munder>
     <mo movablelimits="true">∮</mo>
     <mi>c</mi>
   </munder>
-  <mspace width="1em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="1em"></mspace>
   <mtext>vs.</mtext>
-  <mspace width="1em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="1em"></mspace>
   <msubsup>
     <mo>∫</mo>
     <mn>0</mn>
     <mn>1</mn>
   </msubsup>
-  <mspace width="1em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="1em"></mspace>
   <msub>
     <mo>∮</mo>
     <mi>c</mi>
@@ -4849,8 +4792,7 @@
   <mi>x</mi>
   <mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
   <mo>,</mo>
-  <mspace width="1em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="1em"></mspace>
   <munder>
     <mo movablelimits="false">lim</mo>
     <mrow>
@@ -4863,8 +4805,7 @@
   <mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
   <mi>x</mi>
   <mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
-  <mspace width="1em">
-  </mspace>
+  <mspace width="1em"></mspace>
   <msub>
     <mo movablelimits="true">lim</mo>
     <mrow>

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