[php-src] Issue #21033: short closures in constant expressions

Issue: https://github.com/php/php-src/issues/21033
Author: damek24

### Description

The following code:

```php
declare(strict_types=1);

#[Attribute(Attribute::TARGET_PROPERTY)]
class TestAttribute
{
    public function __construct(
        public $callback
    ) {}
}


final class Clock
{
    public function format(string $format): string
    {
        return $format;
    }
}

final class Example
{
    // This version FAILS (Fatal error: Constant expression contains invalid operations)
    #[TestAttribute(static fn (Clock $clock) => $clock->format('Y-m-d H:i:s'))]

    // This version PASSES
    //#[TestAttribute(static function (Clock $clock) {
    //    return $clock->format('Y-m-d H:i:s');
    //})]
    public ?Clock $created_at = null;
}

$ref = new ReflectionProperty(Example::class, 'created_at');
$attr = $ref->getAttributes(TestAttribute::class)[0]->newInstance();

var_dump($attr->callback instanceof Closure);
```

Resulted in this output:
Fatal error: Constant expression contains invalid operations

But I expected this output instead:
bool(true)

https://3v4l.org/Hdf3V#v8.5.2

Both constructs produce a Closure and are runtime-equivalent. The difference appears to be a parser or constant-expression validation inconsistency. The RFC (https://wiki.php.net/rfc/closures_in_const_expr) uses normal anonymous functions as an example. Short closures aren't mention neither as known limitations / disallowed behavior nor future scope. If this is desired behavior and static short closures are not supported here - please this information somewhere to the docs


### PHP Version

```plain
PHP 8.5.1 (cli) (built: Dec 18 2025 23:39:41) (NTS)
Copyright (c) The PHP Group
Built by Debian
Zend Engine v4.5.1, Copyright (c) Zend Technologies
    with Zend OPcache v8.5.1, Copyright (c), by Zend Technologies
```

### Operating System

_No response_