[php-src] Issue #21673: password_verify() failed to verify bcrypt passwords containing null bytes

Issue: https://github.com/php/php-src/issues/21673
Author: LamentXU123

### Description

The following code:

```php
<?php
$hash = password_hash("secret", PASSWORD_BCRYPT);
var_dump(password_verify("secret", $hash));
var_dump(password_verify("secret" . chr(0) . "suffix", $hash));
?>
```

Resulted in this output:
```
bool(true)
bool(true)
```

But I expected this output instead:
```
bool(true)
bool(false)
```


### PHP Version

```plain
all supported version
```

### Operating System

_No response_