[php-src] Issue #21687: Assertion failure in zend_enum_fetch_case_name() when calling array_walk() on an enum case value after try/catch block

Issue: https://github.com/php/php-src/issues/21687
Author: YuanchengJiang

### Description

The following code:

```php
<?php
enum Foo: int {
case Bar = 0;
}
try {
$bar = Foo::Bar;
} catch (Error $e) {
}
$fusion = $bar;
array_walk($fusion, function($tk) {
});
var_dump(get_defined_vars());
```

Resulted in this output:
```
php: /home/phpfuzz/WorkSpace/flowfusion/php-src/Zend/zend_enum.h:72: zval *zend_enum_fetch_case_name(zend_object *): Assertion `zval_get_type(&(*(name))) == 6' failed.
Aborted (core dumped)
```

To reproduce:
```
./php-src/sapi/cli/php  ./test.php
```

Commit:
```
cdc0366bbb366934e91b5461d524226ecb26c891
```

Configurations:
```
CC="clang-12" CXX="clang++-12" CFLAGS="-DZEND_VERIFY_TYPE_INFERENCE" CXXFLAGS="-DZEND_VERIFY_TYPE_INFERENCE" ./configure --enable-debug --enable-address-sanitizer --enable-undefined-sanitizer --enable-re2c-cgoto --enable-fpm --enable-litespeed --enable-phpdbg-debug --enable-zts --enable-bcmath --enable-calendar --enable-dba --enable-dl-test --enable-exif --enable-ftp --enable-gd --enable-gd-jis-conv --enable-mbstring --enable-pcntl --enable-shmop --enable-soap --enable-sockets --enable-sysvmsg --enable-zend-test --with-zlib --with-bz2 --with-curl --with-enchant --with-gettext --with-gmp --with-mhash --with-ldap --with-libedit --with-readline --with-snmp --with-sodium --with-xsl --with-zip --with-mysqli --with-pdo-mysql --with-pdo-pgsql --with-pgsql --with-sqlite3 --with-pdo-sqlite --with-webp --with-jpeg --with-freetype --enable-sigchild --with-readline --with-pcre-jit --with-iconv
```

Operating System:
```
Ubuntu 20.04 Host, Docker 0599jiangyc/flowfusion:latest
```

*This report is automatically generated by [FlowFusion](https://github.com/php/flowfusion)*

### PHP Version

```plain
nightly
```

### Operating System

_No response_