[php-src] Issue #22071: Assertion failure jit_CONST_FUNC_PROTO at ext/opcache/jit/zend_jit_ir.c

Issue: https://github.com/php/php-src/issues/22071
Author: YuanchengJiang

### Description

The following code:

```php
<?php
try {
$e = enum_exists('UnitEnum') ? UnitEnum::cases() : [];
} catch (\Throwable $_ffl_e) {}
```

Resulted in this output:
```
php: ext/opcache/jit/zend_jit_ir.c:554: ir_ref jit_CONST_FUNC_PROTO(zend_jit_ctx *, uintptr_t, ir_ref): Assertion `addr != 0' failed.
Aborted (core dumped)

```

To reproduce:
```
/home/fuzz/WorkSpace/fusion-fuzz/projects/php/php-src/sapi/cli/php  -d opcache.enable_cli=1 -d opcache.jit=1205 ./test.php
```

Commit:
```
51911cc1c64e7435b19c45685032e094b838183b

```

Configurations:
```
CC="clang-12" CXX="clang++-12" CFLAGS="-DZEND_VERIFY_TYPE_INFERENCE" CXXFLAGS="-DZEND_VERIFY_TYPE_INFERENCE" ./configure --enable-debug --enable-address-sanitizer --enable-undefined-sanitizer --enable-re2c-cgoto --enable-fpm --enable-litespeed --enable-phpdbg-debug --enable-zts --enable-bcmath --enable-calendar --enable-dba --enable-dl-test --enable-exif --enable-ftp --enable-gd --enable-gd-jis-conv --enable-mbstring --enable-pcntl --enable-shmop --enable-soap --enable-sockets --enable-sysvmsg --enable-zend-test --with-zlib --with-bz2 --with-curl --with-enchant --with-gettext --with-gmp --with-mhash --with-ldap --with-libedit --with-readline --with-snmp --with-sodium --with-xsl --with-zip --with-mysqli --with-pdo-mysql --with-pdo-pgsql --with-pgsql --with-sqlite3 --with-pdo-sqlite --with-webp --with-jpeg --with-freetype --enable-sigchild --with-readline --with-pcre-jit --with-iconv
```

Operating System:
```
Ubuntu 20.04 Host, Docker 0599jiangyc/flowfusion:latest
```

*This bug was found by [fusion-fuzz](https://github.com/fusion-fuzz/fusion-fuzz)*

### PHP Version

```plain
nightly
```

### Operating System

_No response_